Genitourinary Flashcards
what tests should be done for aa renal assessment?
urinalysis: proteins, nitrates, leukocytes
culture: UTI detection
GFR
ultrasound
UTIs are especially common in _________________
uncircumcised males
what are the 5 common bacterial causes of UTIs?
E.coli
klebsiella
pseudomonas
S. aureus
proteus
what anatomical and physical factor increase risk for UTIs?
hydronephrosis
vesiculoreteral reflex
short urethra
urinary stasis
what is hydronephrosis?
kidneys become swollen due to build up of urine
what is Vesicoureteral reflux?
retrograde flow of urine through ureters and back to bladder
what condition can cause urinary stasis?
pina bifida
(neurogenic bladder)
how are UTIs diagnosed?
culture and sensitivity
dipstick tests
voiding cystourethrogram
how should the urine sample be collected?
in and out catheter
what do dipstick tests measure?
leukocytes
nitrates
when is a voiding cystourethrogram done?
for recurrent UTIs
what antibiotics are used to treat UTIs?
penicilin
sulfonamide
cephalosporins
nitrofurantoin
what is the risk associated with UTIs?
pyelonephritis
what is Wilm’s tumor?
nephroblastoma
Wilm’s tumor is more common in ______________ children
African-American
what is the peak age for Wilm’s tumor diagnosis?
3 years
what are some clinical manifestations for Wilm’s tumor?
abdominal swelling
hematuria
hypertension
weight loss
decreased output
how is Wilm’s tumor diagnosed?
ultrasound
urinalysis
surgical biopsy
how is Wilm’ tumor treated?
unilateral: surgical removal + chemo
bilateral: preop chemo + renal-parenchymal-sparing resection
how is the prognosis for Wilm’s tumor?
very good
