Communicable Diseases Flashcards by Grace McNally

Q

What are some reasons for vaccine hesitancy?

A

politicized
previous trauma
“victim of own greatness”
lack of education
social media

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Q

how can we prevent vaccine hesitancy?

A

educate
offer stats
provide evidence
understand their perspective
nonjudgmental approach

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Q

diphtheria vaccine ages

A

2 months
4 months
6 months
18 months
4 years

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Q

tetanus vaccine ages

A

2 months
4 months
6 months
18 months
4 years

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Q

pertussis vaccine ages

A

2 months
4 months
6 months
18 months
4 years

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Q

polio vaccine ages

A

2 months
4 months
6 months
18 months
4 years

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Q

influenza vaccine ages

A

2 months
4 months
6 months
18 months
4 years

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Q

pneumococcal vaccine ages

A

2 months
4 months
12 months

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Q

rotavirus vaccine ages

A

2 months
4 months

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Q

MMR vaccine ages

A

12 months
4 years

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Q

meningococcal vaccine ages

A

12 months
Grade 7

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Q

when is the HPV vaccine offered?

A

Grade 7

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Q

when is the Hep B vaccine offered?

A

Grade 7

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Q

how is varicella transmitted?

A

airborne
contact

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Q

what age is most at risk for varicella?

A

< 15 years

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Q

what is the major sign of varicella?

A

itchy vesicular rash
papules –> vesicles –> crust

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Q

how is erythema (fifth disease) transmitted?

A

droplet
respiratory secretions

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Q

when is erythema (fifth disease) most contagious?

A

BEFORE rash appears

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Q

what are the signs and symptoms of erythema (fifth disease)?

A

prodromal:
- mild flu
- fever
- headache

“slapped cheek” rash

lacy maculopapular rash

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Q

how does the erythema lacy, maculopapular rash spread? when does it reappear?

A

face –> trunk –> limbs

reappears with:
- sun
- heat
- exercise
- stress

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Q

what is a major risk associated with erythema (fifth disease)?

A

pregnancy risk
- hydros fetalis
- fetal demise

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Q

what are the complications of varicella?

A

pneumonia
encephalitis

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Q

how is varicella treated?

A

antivirals ONLY for immunocompromised and unvaccinated

antihistamine

isolation

Q

how is erythema (fifth disease) treated?

A

supportive care
hydration
rest

how is roseola transmitted?

droplet contact saliva

what age is most at risk for roseola?

6 months - 2 years

what are the signs & symptoms of roseola?

fever --> rash FEVER - 39-40 degrees C - 3-4 days RASH (after fever resolves) - pink maculopapular - trunk/neck --> face --> extremities

what is the major complication with roseola?

febrile seizures

what is the treatment for roseola?

supportive care antipyretics

how long does roseola last?

3-6 days

how is mumps transmitted?

droplet contact fomites

hat are the signs and symptoms of mumps?

fever malaise neck pain parotitis

what are the complications with mumps?

orchitis pancreatitis deafness meningitis

what are the treatments for mumps?

soft diet hydration avoid acidic food

how is measles (rubeola) transmitted?

airborne respiratory droplets contact

what are the signs & symptoms of measles?

3 Cs: cough, coryza, conjunctivitis klopic spots - white - inside cheeks maculopapular rash - face --> trunk --> extremities

how is rubella (German Measles) transmitted?

direct contact indirect contact - nasopharyngeal secretions - blood - urine - stool

what is the communicable period for rubella (German Measles)?

before appearance of rash - 7 days after

what are the signs & symptoms of rubella (German Measles)?

pink, maculopapular rash - face --> neck --> trunk --> extremities forchheimer spots - red spots on soft palate

what are the risks associated with rubella (German Measles)?

teratogenic - intrauterine death - spontaneous abortion arthritis encephalitis

how is hand, foot & mouth disease transmitted?

droplet contact

what are the signs & symptoms of hand, foot & mouth disease?

fever sore throat mouth ulcers - grey - last 4-6 days blisters - hands and feet - last 7-10 days

how is pertussis (whooping cough) transmitted?

inhalation of contaminated respiratory droplets direct contact

what age is most at risk for pertussis (whooping cough)?

< 2 months

what are the signs & symptoms of pertussis (whooping cough)?

short rapid coughs followed by "whoop" sounds choking/gasping for air

what is the major complication associated with pertussis (whooping cough)?

pneumonia

how is pertussis (whooping cough) treated?

antibiotics suctioning hydration oxygen

how is pertussis (whooping cough) prevented?

Tdap vaccine

what are some nursing considerations and interventions for pertussis (whooping cough)?

droplet precautions monitor cardioresp function - SpO2 - patent airway - suctioning fluids - helps to thin mucus antibiotic prophylaxis for close contacts quiet environment - decreases cough stimulation

how is scarlet fever transmitted?

droplet direct contact

what are the signs and symptoms of scarlet fever?

strawberry tongue sand-paper like rash fever sor throat

how is scarlet fever treated?

antibiotics supportive care

how is mono transmitted?

droplet direct contact "kissing disease"

what are the signs & symptoms of mono?

fever fatigue sore throat swollen lymph glands enlarged liver and spleen jaundice

how does mono often present?

as cancer (ie. leukemia)

how is mono treated?

supportive care