menopause Flashcards
menopause is evidence by _____consecutive months with no menstrual bleeding
12
the period before menopause that is transition b/w reproductive to nonreproductive years
perimenopause
when the ovarian estrogen production fluctuates unpredictably
perimenopause
the time period during which the changes of menopause occur
climacteric
avg age of menopause
51
what happens to ovaries during menopausal transition
ovarian follicles become resistance to FSH stimulation
loss of PMS sx in menopause is due to loss of what hormone?
progesterone
what is the cardinal sx of vasomotor instabilty assc’d with perimenopause
hot flash
1 morbidity in menopausal women
osteoporosis
best way to assess for osteoporosis
DEXA
normal DEXA T score
under -1 SD
DEXA T score indicative of osteoporisis
> -2.5 SD
what type of tx can be used to slow osteoporosis
estrogen
estrogen aids in osteoporosis by ____osteoclast activity
decreasing
when to screen for osteoporosis before age 65 (7)
- h/o fragility fracture
- weight under 127 lbs
- medical causes of bone loss
- parental h/o hip fracture
- current smoker
- alcoholism
- RA
1 cause of morality in menopausal women
CV disease
if a woman has a uterus, how to tx menopause
estrogen + progesterone
if a woman has NO uterus, how to tx menopause
estrogen
relationship b/w standard HRT and endometrial hyperplasia
incr unless progestin is added
relationship b/w standard HRT and breast cancer
slight risk incr
relationship b/w standard HRT and HTN
none
relationship b/w standard HRT and stroke/MI
slight risk incr
relationship b/w standard HRT and venous thrombosis
2x risk incr
hormone tx should be used for how long?
under 5 yrs
recommended amt Ca
1200-1500 mg
SERMS have estrogen like effect on____ and ____
lipids and bones
when menopause occurs spontaneously before age 40
premature ovarian failure
tx of premature ovarian failure
HRT immediately
