Meninges, osteology and neuro ppq

Question 1

what passes through the hole labelled D

Answer 1

internal jugular vein- jugular foramen

Question 2

a fracture involving the orbital plate (frontal bone) in the anterial cranial fossa can allow blood fromn the dmaaged blood vessels around the brain to leak into the

Answer 2

orbit–> periorbital ecchymosis (bruising around the eyes)

Question 3

a fracture involving the ethmoid plate (frontal bone) in the anterial cranial fossa can allow blood fromn the damaged blood vessels around the brain to leak into the

Answer 3

nasal cavity–> nose bleed

CSF can also leak and drip from the nose (CSF rhinnorhea- clear and watery)

Question 4

bloor or CSF in the external auditory canal or middle ear behind the tymapnic membrane can occur due to a fracture in the

Answer 4

petrous part of the temporal bone (middle cranial fossa)

blood may even track into the mastoid area behind the ear (battle sign)

Question 5

basilar fracture is a

Answer 5

fracture throguh the base of the skull- relatively uncommon but easily missed

Question 6

clinical signs of basilar skull fracture

Answer 6

bruising behind the ears, bruising around the eyes, or blood behind the ear drum. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs in about 20% of cases and can result in fluid leaking from the nose or ear.

Question 7

what is the order of blood vessels from the supeiror saggital sinus to the internal jugular vein

Answer 7

1. superior saggital sinus
2. confluence of sinuses
3. transverse sinus
4. sigmoid sinus
5. internal jugular vein

Question 8

what is structure A

Answer 8

frontal lobe

Question 9

what is F?

Answer 9

foramen spinosum

Question 10

between which structures are blood vessels that would cause an extradural haemorrhage

Answer 10

inner table of skull bone and periosteal layer of dura

Question 11

what is G

Answer 11

carotid canal

Question 12

through which hole does the internal carotid artery exit the carotid canal?

Answer 12

G

Question 13

how would you describe this fracture?

Answer 13

fracture of right body of mandible

fracture of the coronoid process

Question 14

what is C

Answer 14

internal auditory meatus

Question 15

which dural venous sinus is found within the middle cranial fossa

Answer 15

cavernous sinus

Question 16

what is labelled C

Answer 16

temporal lobe

Question 17

what is D

Answer 17

jugular foramen

Question 18

what is A

Answer 18

foramen rotundum

Question 19

what is e

Answer 19

foramen lacerum

Question 20

in subdural haemorrhage where does the bleed come from

Answer 20

briding veins that conenct cerebral veins to th dural venous sinuses

Question 21

why are you more likely to have a subdural haemorrhage as you get older

Answer 21

with increasing age there is an element of cerebral atrophy (brain gets smaller), which means these briding veins come under slight tension and they are more likely to teasr or break by sheering if the head is buped

Question 22

what is A and B

Answer 22

superior saggitl sinus and falx cerebri

Question 23

what is H

Answer 23

central sulcus

Question 24

what is B

Answer 24

foramen ovale

Question 25

which structures dloes the internal carotid artery pass through on its routes extracranially to intraranial?

Answer 25

1. the internal carotid artery continues up the neck within the carotid sheath
2. it then enters the cranial cavity though the carotid canal (not a foramen= just a hole; canal= small bony channel)
3. carotid canal is found in the petrous part of the temporal bone