Lecture 2- Epithelia of the gut

Question 1

types of epithelium in the gut

Answer 1

stratified squamous

simple columnar

Question 2

where is stratified squamous found

Answer 2

the oesophagus and distal anus

Question 3

where is simple columnar found

Answer 3

everything between the oesophagus and the simple columnar

Question 4

the enterocyte

Answer 4

• simple columnar epithelial cell that absorbes
• predominant cell of s.intest and colon
• one cell thick

Question 5

enterocyte needs to transport nutrients through

Answer 5

the apical membrane and basolateral membrane

Question 6

where do blood vessels/ lymphatics lie

Answer 6

immediately below the enterocyte

Question 7

features of the enterocyte

Answer 7

microvilli (brush border)

Question 8

goblet cells are dound

Answer 8

scattered between enterocytes

Question 9

where are there increasing numbers of goblet cells

Answer 9

from duodenum to colon

Question 10

where is nucleus found in goblet cell

Answer 10

mucus comprresses nucleus to its base

Question 11

shape of goblet cell

Answer 11

narrow base and larger apical size

Question 12

what do goblet cells secrete

Answer 12

mucus

Question 13

mucus protects the epithelia from

Answer 13

friction, chemical damage and bacterial inflammation

Question 14

gastric surface mucous cells (foveolar cells) line

Answer 14

gastric mucosa/ pits

Question 15

foveolar cells secreate

Answer 15

mucus/ hCO3 that forms barrier to stomach acid

Question 16

why is the GI tract not flat internal surface

Answer 16

absorptive area needs as large a surface area as poss

Question 17

what makes the GI tract not flat to help with absoprtion

Answer 17

permanent folds/ villi/ microvilli

Question 18

villi

Answer 18

increase absorption in absorptive areas

- small intestine not colon)

Question 19

crypts found in the

Answer 19

small and large intestine

Question 20

what specialised cells do crypts have

Answer 20

stem cells
paneth cells
enteroendocrine cells

Question 21

stem cells

Answer 21

constantly divide to replace epithelia (every 2-4 days)

Question 22

paneth cells located

Answer 22

paneth cell (located at base of crypts)

Question 23

role of paneth cells

Answer 23

secrete antibacterial proteins protecting stem cells

Question 24

enteroendocrine cells are predominantly located

Answer 24

deeper in crypts and gastric glands

Question 25

glandular tissues in the gut (exocrine) are made up of organised secretory cells called

Answer 25

acini and tubules and are connected to a duct

Question 26

example of exocrine glands in the GI tract

Answer 26

salivary glands
pancreas
brunners glands