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Gastrointestinal > Lecture 3- Embryology of gut development 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 3- Embryology of gut development 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are we left with after gastrulation

A

trilaminar disc

reorganisation from a ball of cells to an organised organism made up of three layers

  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
  • endoderm
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2
Q

mesoderm can be further split into the

A
  • pariax mesoderm
  • intermediate mesoderm
  • lateral plate mesoderm
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3
Q

paraxial mesoderm turns into

A

somites

  • skeletal muscle
  • vertebra
  • cartilage
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4
Q

intermediate mesoderm

A

kidneys and gonads

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5
Q
  • Later plate mesoderm
A
  • Somatic – body walls
  • Splanchnic – visceral
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6
Q

ectoderm

A
  • Epidermis (nails, skin etc)
  • Nerve tissue
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7
Q
  • Endoderm epithelia of the gut
A
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8
Q

name the two folds that must occur during embryologival folding that must occur for the GI tract to form

A
  1. Cranio-caudal folding
  2. Lateral folding
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9
Q

what does craniocaudal folding result in

A

head and tail end

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10
Q

what does lateral folding result in

A

formation of a gut tube

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11
Q

cranio-caudal folding from the saggital plane

A
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12
Q

duct between the midgut and yolk sac is called

A

Vitellline duct.

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13
Q

If the vitelline duct doesn’t disappear by birth then there can be a number of problems:

A
  • Mechels diverticulum- outpouching (think diverticulitis)
  • Or a connection vetween the umbicilus and the gut (poo may come out belly button)
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14
Q

lateral folding in the transverse plane

A
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15
Q

yellow endodermal layer becomes

A

the gut tube

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16
Q

the red mesodermal layers

A

fuse to form body walls

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17
Q

blue ectodermal layer fuses forming skin and neural tissue

A
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18
Q

the somatic portion of the lateral plate mesoderm and the ectoderm forms the

A

somatopleuric mesoderm= body walls and dermis

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19
Q

splanchnic portion of the lateral late mesoderm form the light pink walls

A

endoderm and splanchnic portion= splanchnopleuric mesoderm= viscera

  • splanchnic forms visceral layer of perintoenum
20
Q

which embryonic structure forms the furture abdiominal and thoracic cavity

A

intraembryonic coelom= cavity lined by a serous membrane e.g. peritoneum derived from the lateral plate mesoderm

21
Q

foregut is

A

the oesophagus to the second part of the duodenum where the bile ducts joints

22
Q

midgut is from the second part of the duodenum to 2/3s along the way of the transverse colon

A
23
Q

hindgut

A

transverse colon–> rectum

24
Q

just after folding finises we have

A
  • Gut tube closed at the head and tale end after cranio-caudal folding
25
Q

membrane that closes the cranio end of the gut tube

A

buccopharyngeal (4th week rupture)

26
Q

membrane that closes the caudal end of the gut tube

A

cloacal membrane (7th week rupture)

27
Q

after the gut tube is formed how are we orientated in regards to the yolk sac 9yellow thing)

A
28
Q

how is the foregut branch supplies by the aorta

A

coeliac artery

29
Q

how is the midgut supplied by the aorta

A

superior emsenteric artery

30
Q

how is the hindgut supplied by the aorta

A

inferior mesenteric artery

31
Q

summary table of the constituents of the F, M and H

A
32
Q

formation of the foregut from 4th week

A
  • At week 4 the lung bud forms anteriorly (ventrally)
    • Between the lung bud and the foregut a tracheoesophageal septum forms cleaves the respiratory bud which means the trachea and oesophagus are separate
      • Possible problems that can occur
        • Blind end oesophagus
        • Tracheoesophageal fistula
  • At the 5th week the endoderm proliferates to occlude lumen and then it recanalizes at the 9th week
    • If any of this fails sections of the gut will be closed – problems
33
Q

formation of the stoamch

A
  • The stomach is a dilation of the foregut, with the posterior/ dorsal part more dilated
  • Inferior part of the stomach rotates 90 degrees superiorly
  • The superior part rotates clockwise
34
Q

stomach folding continued

A

*this cross section is looking at the foregut section which has both a dorsal mesentery and a ventral mesentery- the rest of the gut only has a dorsal mesentery*

35
Q

parietal pleura is from the

A

somatic protion of the alteral mesoderm and can localise pain

36
Q

visceral pleura is from the

A

splanchinc (think gut) portion - vague pain

37
Q

after stomach folding

A

another budding from the foregut forms

  • Cranial portion of the bud= liver
  • Caudal portion- gall bladder
38
Q

folding of the foregut

A
  • The dorsal and ventral mesenteries of the foregut fold clockwise
  • At this stage the liver (ends up on the right) is growing much more rapidly than the spleen (ends up on the left)
  • Peritoneal cavity (potential space) forms the greater and lesser sac after this folding
    • Lesser sac forms lies posterior to the stomach
    • The lesser sac and greater sac only come into contact at the free edge (foramen of windslow connection between the lesser and greater sac) , which forms when moving into the midgut region where there is no ventral mesentry
39
Q
A
40
Q

lesser sac ;oes

A

posterior to the stomach

41
Q

The lesser sac and greater sac only come into contact at

A

the free edge (foramen of windslow connection between the lesser and greater sac) , which forms when moving into the midgut region where there is no ventral mesentry

42
Q

what happens to the right and left vagus nerve during foregut golfing

A
  • It moves along with the liver and spleen 90 degrees
  • Left vagus nerve becomes the anterior vagal trunk
  • Right vagus nerve becomes the posterior vagul trunk
43
Q

after foregut folding and birth what happens to the ventral mesentry

A
  • Wall of the abdomen to the liver- falciform ligament
  • Portion between the liver and stomach= the less amentum
44
Q

after foregut folding and birth what does the dorsal mesentry become

A

Dorsal mesentry becomes

  • Connection between the stomach and spleen- gastrosplenic ligament
  • Connection between the spleen and retroperitoneal cavity becomes the splenorenal ligament (lieno-renal)
45
Q

the pancreas development

A

Pancreas develops as two buds in the ventral (smaller) and dorsal (bigger) mesentery .

  • When rotation of the foregut occurs we find that the ventral part (off the hepatic diverticulum) is forced round the back and inferior to the dorsal larger bud
  • Eventually the smaller (ventral) and large bud fuse including the ductal systems

Gastrointestinal (35 decks)

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