Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
Who was Gregor Mendel?
investigated inheritance at the organism’s level and concluded that plants transmit distinct factors to offspring
What did Gregor Mendel formulate based on his studies?
the law of segregation
What is the Law of Segregation?
- each individual has two factors for each trait
- these factors segregate (separate) during the formation of gametes
- each gamete contains only one factor from each pair of factors
- fertilization gives each new individual two factors fir each trait
What do genes determine?
characteristics of an organism
Where are genes found?
on chromosomes
What are alleles?
alternate forms of a gene for the same trait
Where are alleles?
at the same locus (location) on each chromosome of a homologous pair
What are homologous chromosomes?
a pair of chromosomes that carry genes for the same traits in the same order
What is phenotype?
physical appearance of the individual with regard to a trait
What is genotype?
alleles responsible for a given trait
How many alleles make up a trait?
2
What symbolizes a dominant allele?
capital letter
What symbolizes a recessive allele?
lower case letter
What is the law of independent assortment?
each pair of factors assorts independently (all possible combinations of factors can occur in the gametes)
What are two trait crosses called?
dihybrid cross
