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Genetics > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the beginning steps of life of sexually reproducing organisms?

A

start as a single cell, divide into 2 cells, divide into 4 cells, develop into an embryo

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2
Q

What cells go through Mitosis?

A

somatic cells

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3
Q

How does chromosome number change with mitosis?

A

daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as parent cell (diploid)

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4
Q

What happens during mitosis prior to cell division?

A

each chromosome is replicated

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5
Q

What are identical copies of chromosomes?

A

chromatids

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6
Q

When do chromatids separate for mitosis?

A

prior to cell division

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7
Q

what happens when chromosomes replicate for mitosis?

A

DNA replicates

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8
Q

What happens when strands separate for mitosis?

A

old strands serve as template for synthesis of new double stranded molecule

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9
Q

What are the steps of mitosis?

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

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10
Q

What happens during prophase?

A
  • chromatin condenses into chromosomes

- nuclear envelope disappears

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11
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

chromosomes align at the equator

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12
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A
  • sister chromatids separate

- centromeres divide

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13
Q

What happens during Telophase?

A
  • chromatin expands

- cytoplasm divides

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14
Q

What type of division is mitosis?

A

differentiation and growth

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15
Q

What type of division is meiosis?

A

reduction division

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16
Q

What cells go through meiosis?

A

gametes

17
Q

How does chromosome number change for meiosis?

A

daughter cells end up with half as many chromosomes as parents (haploid)

18
Q

What happens to chromosome number during meiosis I?

A

reduction division of diploid to haploid

19
Q

What happens during Meiosis I?

A
  • come together in pairs
  • 1 chromosome of each pair is drawn to opposite sides of the cell
  • nucleus forms around each half set of chromosomes
  • cell divides
20
Q

What happened to the chromosomes prior to meiotic division (I)?

A

replicated

21
Q

What happens during Meiosis II?

A

(like mitosis)

  • mitotic division occurring in haploid cells
  • one replicate copy of each chromosome goes to each daughter cell
22
Q

What is the general result of meiosis?

A

4 daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent

23
Q

What is the result of meiosis for males?

A

4 functional sperm cells

24
Q

What is the result of meiosis for females?

A

1 functional ovum, 3 polar bodies

25
Q

What is a polar body?

A

non-viable

Genetics (24 decks)

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