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Psychology > Memory- Types of Memory > Flashcards

Memory- Types of Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three types of memory?

A

Sensory register, short-term memory, long-term memory

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2
Q

What information does the sensory register store?

A

Temporarily stores information from senses

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3
Q

What is spontaneous decay?

A

Memory disappears from sensory register unless we pay attention to it

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4
Q

What is the capacity of the sensory register?

A

Very large

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5
Q

What is the duration of the sensory register?

A

Very limited

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6
Q

How is information coded in the sensory register?

A

Depending on the sense

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7
Q

What is the capacity of short-term memory?

A

Limited

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8
Q

What is the duration of the short-term memory?

A

Limited

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9
Q

How is information coded in the short-term memory?

A

Usually acoustic

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10
Q

What is the capacity of long-term memory?

A

Pretty much unlimited

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11
Q

What is the duration of long-term memory?

A

Theoretically permanent

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12
Q

How is information coded in the long-term memory?

A

Usually semantic

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13
Q

What are the three types of long-term memory?

A

Episodic memory, semantic memory, procedural memory

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14
Q

What is episodic memory?

A
  • Stores information about events
  • Contains information about time and place, emotions, details of what happened
  • Declarative, consciously recalled
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15
Q

What is semantic memory?

A
  • Stores facts and knowledge

- Simply knowledge

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16
Q

What is procedural memory?

A
  • Knowledge of how to do things

- Can’t be consciously recalled

17
Q

What was Peterson and Peterson’s study?

A
  • Participants shown nonsense trigrams
  • Asked to recall after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 seconds
  • Asked to count backwards in threes from a 3-digit number (interference task)
18
Q

What were the results from Peterson and Peterson’s study?

A
  • 80% could recall trigrams correctly after 3 seconds

- 10% could recall trigrams correctly after 18 seconds

19
Q

What was the conclusion from Peterson and Peterson’s study?

A

When rehearsal is prevented, very little can stay in STM for longer than about 18 seconds

20
Q

What was Bahrick’s study?

A
  • 392 people asked to list names of ex-classmates (free-recall test)
  • Shown photos and asked to recall names of people shown (photo-recognition test)
  • Given names and asked to match to photo (name-recognition test)
21
Q

What were the results from Bahrick’s study?

A
  • Could recognise about 90% of names and faces within 15 years of leaving school
  • About 60% accurate of free-recall
  • Free recall declined to about 30% after 30 years
  • Name-recognition about 80% accurate and photo-recognition about 40% after 48 years
22
Q

What is the conclusion from Bahricks study?

A
  • Evidence of VLTMs in real-life setting
  • Recognition better than recall
  • May be huge store of information but not easy to access
23
Q

What was Jacobs’ study?

A
  • Participants presented with string of letters or digits
  • Had to repeat back in same order
  • Number of digits or letters increased until participant failed to recall sequence correctly
24
Q

What were the results from Jacob’s study?

A
  • Majority of the time, participants recalled about 9 digits and about 7 letters
  • Capacity increased with age during childhood
25
Q

What was the conclusion from Jacobs’ study?

A
  • STM has limited storage capacity of 5-9 items

- Individual differences such as age

26
Q

What did Miller review?

A

Research into the capacity of STM

27
Q

What did Miller argue?

A

The capacity of STM is seven plus or minus two

28
Q

What is chunking?

A

Combining individual letters or numbers into larger and more meaningful units

29
Q

What was Baddeley’s study?

A
  • 4 groups- acoustically similar, acoustically dissimilar, semantically similar, semantically dissimilar
  • Independent groups design
  • Asked to recall words either immediately or after a 20-minute task
30
Q

What were the results from Baddeley’s study?

A
  • Harder to recall acoustically similar words from STM

- Harder to recall semantically similar words from LTM

31
Q

What was the conclusion from Baddeley’s study?

A

STM coded acoustically and LTM coded semantically

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