Approaches- The Cognitive Approach Flashcards
What does the cognitive approach look at?
The internal workings of the mind and explains behaviour through cognitive processes
How do cognitive psychologists try to explain behaviour?
By looking at our perception, language, attention and memory
How do cognitive psychologists test behaviour scientifically?
By using experimental procedures and methods
Why is the cognitive approach a reductionist approach?
It compares the mind to a computer
Why are computers and computer models often used?
To explain how we think and behave
How are humans treated and behaviour explained?
As information processors
In terms of information processing
Why are computer and theoretical models used?
To explain and make inferences about the mental processes that lead to particular behaviours, since they can’t be observed directly
What are the 3 principles of the cognitive approach?
- Our mental systems have a limited capacity
- A control mechanism oversees all mental processes
- There is a two-way flow of information
What does a schema contain?
All the information you know about an object, action or concept
What does a schema do?
Helps you organise and interpret information and experiences
What is a basic schema?
Ideas about the behaviour which is expected from someone in a certain role, setting or situation
What is an event schema?
Information about what happens in a situation
What is a self schema?
Information about ourselves based on physical characteristics and personality
What is a problem with schemas?
They can sometimes stop people from learning new information
What is cognitive neuroscience?
An approach in psychology which maps human behaviour to brain function
What are lesion studies?
Looking at people with brain damage to see how behaviour is affected
What is electrophysiology?
Using electric and magnetic fields to measure brain activity and brain waves
What is neuroimaging?
Pinpointing areas of the brain which are active when a task is performed
What are 2 strengths of the cognitive approach?
- Considers mental processes which are often overlooked
- Has had a big influence on the development of therapies
What are 2 weaknesses of the cognitive approach?
- Research is often in artificial situations
- Fails to take individual differences into account
