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Psychology > Biopsychology- The Nervous System > Flashcards

Biopsychology- The Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biopsychology about?

A

How biology influences behaviour

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2
Q

What does biopsychology study?

A

Nervous system, neurotransmitters and hormones

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3
Q

What is the role of the nervous system?

A

Allows you to respond to changes in your environment and allows you to coordinate your actions

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4
Q

What do receptors do?

A

Detect stimuli

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5
Q

What do effectors do?

A

Brings about a response to a stimulus

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6
Q

What are effectors?

A

Muscle cells and cells found in glands

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7
Q

How do receptors communicate with effectors?

A

Via the nervous and/or endocrine systems

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8
Q

What are the two parts to the nervous system?

A

Central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS)

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9
Q

What is the central nervous system made up of?

A

The brain and the spinal cord

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10
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?

A

The neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

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11
Q

What are the two parts to the PNS?

A

Autonomic (ANS) and somatic (SNS)

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12
Q

What is the role of the somatic nervous system?

A

To control conscious activities

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13
Q

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Controls unconscious activities

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14
Q

What are the two parts to the ANS?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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15
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

To get the body ready for action

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16
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

To calm the body down

17
Q

What is the role of neurons?

A

To transmit information as electrical impulses around the body

18
Q

What does the cell body have?

A

Dendrites that receive information from other neurons

19
Q

How does information pass within the neuron?

A

Along the axon in the form of an electrical impulse that ends up at the synaptic knob

20
Q

What is the role of the myelin sheath?

A

Insulates the axon to speed up nervous transmission

21
Q

What is the synapse?

A

A small gap before the next neuron

22
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemicals released from the synaptic knob that pass across the synapse to pass on the signal to the dendrites of the next neuron

23
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons?

A

Sensory, relay and motor

24
Q

What are sensory neurons?

A

Transmit electrical impulses from receptors to the CNS

25
Q

What are relay neurons?

A

Transmit electrical impulses between sensory neurons and motor neurons

26
Q

What are motor neurons?

A

Transmit electrical impulses from CNS to effectors

27
Q

What are reflexes?

A

Fast, automatic responses to stimuli

28
Q

What is the advantage of reflexes?

A

They help us avoid damage

29
Q

What does the synaptic knob contain?

A

Synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters

30
Q

What happens when an electrical impulse reaches the end of a neuron?

A

It causes neurotransmitters to be released into the synaptic cleft

31
Q

What happens to neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft?

A

They diffuse across to the postsynaptic membrane and bind to specific receptors

32
Q

What happens when neurotransmitters bind to receptors?

A

Trigger an electrical impulse, cause muscle contraction, or cause a hormone to be secreted

33
Q

Why are impulses unidirectional?

A

Because receptors are only on the postsynaptic membranes

34
Q

What do excitatory neurotransmitters do?

A

Increases the likelihood that an electrical impulse will be triggered in the postsynaptic neuron

35
Q

What do inhibitory neurotransmitters do?

A

Decrease the likelihood that an electrical impulse will be triggered in the postsynaptic neuron

36
Q

What is the structure of a sensory neuron?

A

Long dendrites, short axons

37
Q

What is the structure of a relay neuron?

A

Short dendrites, short axons

38
Q

What is the structure of a motor neuron?

A

Short dendrites, long axons

Psychology (71 decks)

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