Attachment- Types of Attachment

Question 1

What kind of bond is there between a securely attached child and its caregiver?

Answer 1

Strong

Question 2

What happens if a securely attached child is separated from caregiver?

Answer 2

It becomes distressed

Question 3

How does a securely attached child behave upon reunion?

Answer 3

Easily comforted by caregiver

Question 4

What attachment type is secure attachment?

Answer 4

Type B

Question 5

How does an insecure-avoidant attached child behave when separated from caregiver?

Answer 5

They don’t usually become distressed

Question 6

Which children generally show an insecure-avoidant attachment?

Answer 6

Ones who generally avoid social interaction and intimacy with others

Question 7

What attachment type is insecure-avoidant attachment?

Answer 7

Type A

Question 8

How do insecure-resistant attached children behave around their caregiver?

Answer 8

Often uneasy but becomes upset when separated

Question 9

How do insecure-resistant attached children behave when comforted?

Answer 9

Comfort can’t be given by strangers and it’s often resisted from caregiver

Question 10

How do insecure-resistant children behave in social interaction?

Answer 10

They both accept and reject social interaction and intimacy

Question 11

What attachment type is insecure-resistant?

Answer 11

Type C

Question 12

What was the strange situation?

Answer 12

• Controlled observation
• 12-18 month old infants left in a room with mother
• 8 stages including being approached by a stranger, infant being left alone, and mother returning

Question 13

What were the results from the strange situation?

Answer 13

• 15% of infants were insecure-avoidant
• 70% were securely attached
• 15% were insecure-resistant

Question 14

What was the conclusion from the strange situation?

Answer 14

Infants showing different reactions to their carer have different types of attachment

Question 15

What is the evaluation from the strange situation?

Answer 15

• Control over variables so results were reliable
• Artificial situation so reduced ecological validity
• Parents may have changed behaviour so infants would have changed behaviour
• Mother may not have been main attachment figure

Question 16

Who conducted the strange situation?

Answer 16

Ainsworth

Question 17

What was Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s study?

Answer 17

• Meta-analysis
• 32 studies of the strange situation in different countries
• Analysed to find patterns

Question 18

What were the results from Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s study?

Answer 18

• Percentages of children classed as secure or insecure were similar across countries
• More differences within countries than between them
• Secure attachments were most common
• Western culture, insecure-avoidant was dominant type of insecure
• Non-Western culture, insecure-resistant was dominant type of insecure
• Highest proportion of insecure-avoidant in Germany
• Highest proportion of insecure-resistant in Japan

Question 19

What was the conclusion from Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s study?

Answer 19

There are cross-cultural similarities in raising children and had common reactions to the ‘strange situation’

Question 20

What is the evaluation from Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s study?

Answer 20

• Strange situation may not be an appropriate of studying cross-cultural attachment
• Assumes different countries are same as different cultures
• Can hide individual results

Question 21

What are important findings from the strange situation?

Answer 21

• Some cultural differences are found
• Causes of different attachment types are debatable
• Strange situation doesn’t show characteristics of child
• Attachment type may influence later behaviours