Memory

Question 1

Sensory Memory

Answer 1

very short, few seconds

Question 2

Working Memory

Answer 2

• short term memory
• can hold 7 +/- 2 pieces of info
• chunking

Question 3

Primacy effect

Answer 3

remember beginning better (rehearsal [repeating])

Question 4

Recency effect

Answer 4

remember ending better

Question 5

General vs. Episodic

Answer 5

General: 1+1=2 (general facts)

Episodic: story/episode (like a TV episode)

Question 6

Semantic Memory

Answer 6

• encode meaning of words -> vocab
• remembering simple facts

Question 7

Declarative vs. Procedural

Answer 7

Declarative: facts you can declare and talk about (Ex: 1+1=2; Abe was the 16th)

Procedural: “muscle memory” (Ex: riding a bike)

Question 8

Explicit vs. Implicit
(Memory)

Answer 8

Explicit: “central meaning” (Ex: 1+1=2) stuff you’re consciously aware of

Implicit: “unconscious/peripheral memory” (peripheral path)

Question 9

Retrieval
(Memory)

Answer 9

1) Tip of the tongue phenomena
2) More retrieval paths -> better retrieval
3) Elaborative rehearsal -> attach memory to something
4) Deep -> better, more meaning
Shallow -> less meaning
5) Spreading activation
6) Schemas

Question 10

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

Answer 10

• memory disorder
• caused by vitamin B/thiamine deficiency
• associated with alcoholism

Question 11

Retrograde vs. Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 11

Retrograde Amnesia: forget the past (retro=past)

Anterograde Amnesia: inability to encode new memories

Question 12

Confabulation

Answer 12

brain created it out of nowhere that you genuinely believe but never happened

Question 13

Flashbulb Memory

Answer 13

• very vivid/detailed memories
• related to emotion

Question 14

Source Monitoring

Answer 14

• recall information/experience but attribute memory to the wrong source

Ex: eyewitness testimony, childhood amnesia

Question 15

Semantic Network

Answer 15

• concepts are organized in mind as connected ideas
• spreading activation: activate one idea/concept/memory -> activate related concepts

Question 16

Memory Big Picture

Answer 16

1) Encoding (Acquisition)
taking stimulus and making it into something “intellectual”
2) Storage
3) Retrieval

Question 17

Consolidation

Answer 17

neuronal connections that encode the memory into a ‘physical trace’
- physically forming the memory

• fighter gets knocked out and doesn’t remember getting knocked out (didn’t have time to encode the memory)

Question 18

Storage (of memory)

Answer 18

Stage Theory

1) Sensory Memory (holding the stimulus in your head for a few seconds; Ex is hearing Johns voice)

2) Working Memory [Short Term Memory]
7 +/- 2 pieces of info you can hold
• Recency and Primacy Effect
• Rehearsal (partially used to explain Recency effect)
• Chunking (comes from long term memory)

3) Long term
“infinite”