Memory Flashcards
Sensory Memory
very short, few seconds
Working Memory
- short term memory
- can hold 7 +/- 2 pieces of info
- chunking
Primacy effect
remember beginning better (rehearsal [repeating])
Recency effect
remember ending better
General vs. Episodic
General: 1+1=2 (general facts)
Episodic: story/episode (like a TV episode)
Semantic Memory
- encode meaning of words -> vocab
- remembering simple facts
Declarative vs. Procedural
Declarative: facts you can declare and talk about (Ex: 1+1=2; Abe was the 16th)
Procedural: “muscle memory” (Ex: riding a bike)
Explicit vs. Implicit
(Memory)
Explicit: “central meaning” (Ex: 1+1=2) stuff you’re consciously aware of
Implicit: “unconscious/peripheral memory” (peripheral path)
Retrieval
(Memory)
1) Tip of the tongue phenomena
2) More retrieval paths -> better retrieval
3) Elaborative rehearsal -> attach memory to something
4) Deep -> better, more meaning
Shallow -> less meaning
5) Spreading activation
6) Schemas
Korsakoff’s Syndrome
- memory disorder
- caused by vitamin B/thiamine deficiency
- associated with alcoholism
Retrograde vs. Anterograde Amnesia
Retrograde Amnesia: forget the past (retro=past)
Anterograde Amnesia: inability to encode new memories
Confabulation
brain created it out of nowhere that you genuinely believe but never happened
Flashbulb Memory
- very vivid/detailed memories
- related to emotion
Source Monitoring
- recall information/experience but attribute memory to the wrong source
Ex: eyewitness testimony, childhood amnesia
Semantic Network
- concepts are organized in mind as connected ideas
- spreading activation: activate one idea/concept/memory -> activate related concepts
Memory Big Picture
1) Encoding (Acquisition)
taking stimulus and making it into something “intellectual”
2) Storage
3) Retrieval
Consolidation
neuronal connections that encode the memory into a ‘physical trace’
- physically forming the memory
- fighter gets knocked out and doesn’t remember getting knocked out (didn’t have time to encode the memory)
Storage (of memory)
Stage Theory
1) Sensory Memory (holding the stimulus in your head for a few seconds; Ex is hearing Johns voice)
2) Working Memory [Short Term Memory]
7 +/- 2 pieces of info you can hold
• Recency and Primacy Effect
• Rehearsal (partially used to explain Recency effect)
• Chunking (comes from long term memory)
3) Long term
“infinite”
