Cognition Flashcards
Acquisition
learning phase
If similar to prototype (schema) ->
assimilation
(ss: similar to schema)
If different from prototype (schema) ->
accommodation
(change or create)
Framing
decisions are based on framing of things
- loss aversion
Ex: % vs # of DIE/SAVE people
Parallel Distribution Processing
- brain has network models with connected nodes -> when multiple nodes activated
- collection of neural nodes will simultaneously activate another set of nodes through parallel processing
Mental Set
- problem solving schema
- can slow you down/hurt you because you can’t see alternatives
Methods of Problem Solving
1) trial and error
2) algorithms
3) deductive reasoning
4) inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
rules first
(deductive = rules [consonants])
Inductive reasoning
evidence first
(inductive = evidence [vowels])
Heuristic
- rule of thumb
- simplified principles used for decision making
- mental shortcut to make a quick decision
Availability Heuristic
- use examples we can easily recall
- easier to recall -> increase frequency
- choices based on quick, easily accessible examples
Representative Heuristic
- based on prototypical, stereotypical, representative image of the category
- look for most representative answer, and look to match prototype - a given concept to what is typical/representative
Stroop Effect
- automaticity: when something you already know works against you
Ex: GREEN (written in purple)
BLUE (written in orange)
PURPLE (written in green)
ORANGE (written in blue)
- say the word (easier) instead of the color of word
