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Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Pavlov
- places neutral stimulus (bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (food) to elicit a response

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2
Q

Generalization (Classical Conditioning)

A

get a response if the stimuli is similar/close enough

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3
Q

Discrimination (Classical Conditioning)

A

able to distinguish between conditional stimuli and others

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4
Q

Extinction (Classical Conditioning)

A
  • a conditional stimulus no longer elicits a response

SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY
- switching it up after the response is extinct to bring the response back (but not as strong)

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5
Q

Overshadowing (Classical Conditioning)

A
  • when trying to condition a stimuli (BIG BELL and light) -> BIG BELL will win and overshadow the light
  • salient stimulus (dominant) -> one you attend to
  • peripheral stimulus -> one you ignore
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6
Q

Blocking (Classical Conditioning)

A
  • new stimulus is not providing new information
    ( - already attuned to one, so simultaneous not giving anything new)
  • already have a conditioned stimulus (CS) so new stimulus is blocked
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7
Q

2nd Order Conditioning

A
  • another stimulus predicts stimulus
    • so signal to have response sooner
  • condition on the condition
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8
Q

2 things needed for classical conditioning to work

A
  • needs to be done in the right order/not random -> needs predictive power with more than just random chance
  • needs to be close enough (time wise)
    • Ex: 1 day later won’t work
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9
Q

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

A

favorable consequence (reinforcement) -> more
unfavorable consequence (punishment) -> less

  • do more -> REWARD
  • do less -> PUNISH
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10
Q

Shaping

A

Method of Successive Approximation
- reward for behavior getting closer to end goal

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11
Q

Operant Conditioning

A
  • relationship between behavior and consequences, and how consequences influence behavior
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12
Q

Reinforcement -» (2 things)

Punishment -» (2 things)

A

Reinforcement -> ➕candy
give good thing (increase behavior)
-> ➖take away seatbelt sound
take away bad thing (increase behavior)

Punishment -> ➕shock
give bad thing (decrease behavior)
-> ➖take away phone
take away bad thing (decrease behavior)

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13
Q

Token Economy

A

monkey -> token -> banana
monkey -> lever -> token

  • token is a conditioned reinforcer that can be exchanged for banana
    • token has no value, but represents what it can get you
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14
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

feel powerless if you don’t have control over the environment you’re in
- Ex: puppy shock
- even though made a safe space/something different in room, puppy still goes to center of room/is shocked

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15
Q

Internal locus of control vs. External locus of controll

A

Internal locus of control: got B on first midterm, what to do? study harder to change it

External locus of control: why try if no matter what you do you’ll fail (learned helplessness)

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16
Q

Avoidance learning

A

Ex: puppy shock
- go to safe spot before/even when there’s no shock

17
Q

Escape learning

A

Ex: puppy shock
- escaping to a safe spot after the shock/bad stimulus

18
Q

Behavioral Contrast

A
  • magnitude of response depends on reward that came before
  • value of a reinforcer depends on “what came before”

Ex: Summer Reading Program

19
Q

Fixed vs. Variable Ratio

A
  • fixed ratio: fixed number of response gets a reward
  • variable ratio: variable number of response gets a reward
  • fixed is easier to kill
  • variable: never know when reward is
20
Q

Fixed vs. Variable Interval

A

Fixed Interval: fixed interval of time until reward can be given (ex: checking for mail)
- clustering: tom of response at the end of interval

Variable Interval: variable amount of time until reward can be given (ex: studying for pop quiz)

21
Q

Biological Inclinations of Learning

A
  • learn what (food/taste) is poisonous so don’t die

Taste aversion

22
Q

Long Term Potentiation

A

neuro plasticity
- you don’t use it, you lose it
- create new dendrites when you use it and associate it with something else; lose dendrites when you don’t

23
Q

Incidental Learning

A

rats -> maze
________________________
rats(maze) -> cheese FASTER
rats -> cheese

rats(maze) do better because have a mental map of maze when no motivation

24
Q

Habituation

A

• stimulus -> respond at first -> no longer giving the brain useful information -> brain ignores

Dishabituation: switch is up after used to it -> now you notice

Psych (18 decks)

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