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Foundations Drug List and Medical Terminology > Medical Terminology T1 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology T1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abscess

A

build up of pus within body tissue

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2
Q

acute

A

severe and sudden in onset

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3
Q

adherence

A

person’s behaviour (taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes) corresponds with agreed recommendations from a health care provider

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4
Q

adjunct

A

thing joined or added to something else as a supplement

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5
Q

afebrile

A

not having a fever

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6
Q

agranulocytosis

A

deficiency of white blood cells in blood

  • cyt (root): cell
  • osis (suffix): state or condition / process, condition, or state, usually abnormal or disease, production or increase
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7
Q

alopecia

A

partial or complete loss of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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8
Q

ambulatory

A

able to walk – not bedridden

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9
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstrual periods

  • a (prefix): lack, without
  • men (root): menstruation
  • rrhea (suffix): flow or discharge
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10
Q

amnesia

A

partial or total loss of memory

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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11
Q

analgesic

A

acting to relieve pain

  • algesi (root): pain
  • ic (suffix): pertaining to
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12
Q

anaphylaxis

A

severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction

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13
Q

andropause

A

condition associated to decrease in the male hormone testosterone levels

  • andr (root): male
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14
Q

anemia

A

deficency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in blood

  • an (prefix): without, lacking
  • emia (suffix): blood condition
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15
Q

anhedonia

A

inability to feel pleasure

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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16
Q

aneurysm

A

abnormal buldge or ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel

  • neur (root): nerve
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17
Q

angioedema

A

swelling beneath the skin

  • angi (root): vessel
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18
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite for food

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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19
Q

anterior

A

toward the front

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20
Q

antiemetic

A

used to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

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21
Q

antibiotic

A

medicines that destroys or slows down the growth of bacteria

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22
Q

anti-inflammatory

A

substance or treatment that reduces swelling

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23
Q

antipruritic

A

relieving or preventing itching

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24
Q

antipyretic

A

used to prevent or reduce fever

  • pyr (root): fever, heat
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25
Q

antiseptic

A

preventing or slowing down the growth of microorganisms

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26
Q

antitussive

A

used to prevent or relieve a cough

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27
Q

aphagia

A

loss of the ability to swallow

  • a (prefix): without, lacking
  • phagia (suffix): eating, devouring
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28
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregular or abnormal heartbeat

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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29
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

  • arthr (root): joint
  • algia (suffix): pain
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30
Q

ascites

A

build up of fluid in the abdomen

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31
Q

aspiration

A

breathing in foreign substances into the airways or lungs

  • spir (root): breathe, breathing
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32
Q

asthenia

A

lack of energy and strength

  • asthenia (suffix): weakness
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33
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination and control

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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34
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue

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35
Q

auscultation

A

act of listening to the sounds made from the heart, lungs, or other organs

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36
Q

axillary

A

relating to the armpit

  • axill (root): armpit
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37
Q

bilateral

A

involving or affecting two or both sides

  • bi (prefix): two
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38
Q

biopsy

A

examination of a sample of tissue taken from the body

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39
Q

benign

A

not threatening to health or life

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40
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation (swelling) of the tubes that lead to the lungs

  • bronch (root): bronchus
  • itis (suffix): inflammation
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41
Q

bradycardia

A

abnormally slow heart rate

  • brady (prefix): slow
  • cardi (root): heart
  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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42
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormally slow breathing rate

  • brady (prefix): slow
  • pnea (suffix): breathing
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43
Q

buccal

A

relating to the cheek

  • bucc (root): cheek
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44
Q

cachexia

A

extreme weight loss and muscle wasting of the body due to chronic illness

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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45
Q

candidiasis

A

fungal infection caused by a yeast called Candida

  • iasis (suffix): state or condition
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46
Q

cardiovascular

A

relating to the heart and blood vessels

  • cardi (root): heart
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47
Q

catheter

A

flexible tube inserted through a narrow opening into a body cavity

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48
Q

chronic

A

persisting for a long time or constantly recurring

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49
Q

comorbidity

A

presence of two or more diseases/medical conditions in a patient

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50
Q

compliance

A

action or act of complying with a command

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51
Q

constriction

A

making something narrower or tightening

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52
Q

contraceptive

A

method or device that serves or prevent pregnancy

  • contra (prefix): against, opposite
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53
Q

contraindication

A

anything that is a reason for a person to not receive a particular treatment because it may be harmful

  • contra (prefix): against, opposite
54
Q

contusion

A

bruise – region where blood capillaries have been ruptured

55
Q

corticosteroids

A

any steroid hormone made in the adrenal cortex (outer part of adrenal gland)

56
Q

crackles

A

clicking, rattling, or crackling noise made by the lungs during inhalation

57
Q

cranial

A

relating to the skull

  • crani (root): skull
58
Q

cyanotic

A

showing cyanosis – marked by blue or purple discoloration

  • cyan (root): blue
59
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish or purplish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes due to poor oxygen in blood

  • cyan (root): blue
  • osis (suffix): state or condition / process, condition, or state, usually abnormal or disease, production or increase
60
Q

delirium

A

acute mental disturbance characterized by confused thinking and disrupted attention, usually accompanied by disordered speech and hallucinations (reduced awareness in environment)

61
Q

dementia

A

loss of memory, language, problem-solving, and other thinking abilities that interfere with daily life

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
62
Q

diagnosis

A

identifying nature of illness or other problems by examination of symptoms

  • osis (suffix): process, condition, or state, usually abnormal or disease, production or increase
63
Q

diaphoretic

A

causing perspiration (sweating)

  • diaphor (root): sweat
64
Q

differential diagnosis

A

differentiating between two or more conditions that share similar signs or symptoms (more than one possibility for diagnosis)

65
Q

distention

A

distended, enlarged or swollen from internal pressure

66
Q

diastolic

A

when heart relaxes to allow chambers to fill with blood

  • minimum arterial BP during relaxation of heart
67
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

  • dipl (root): two, double
  • opia (suffix): vision
68
Q

diuretic

A

something that increases flow of urine

69
Q

diuresis

A

increased or excessive production of urine

  • esis (suffix): state or condition
70
Q

dorsalis

A

relating to the back or posterior of a structure

71
Q

dose

A

quantity of a drug taken or recommended to be taken at a time

72
Q

dyskinesia

A

involuntary, erratic movements

  • dys (prefix): difficult/painful/abnormal
  • kinesi (root): movement/motion
  • ia (suffix): condition of disease or abnormal state
73
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

  • dys (prefix): difficult/painful/abnormal
  • phagia (suffix): eating, devouring
74
Q

dystrophy

A

weakness in muscles that leads to reduced mobility

  • dys (prefix): difficult/painful/abnormal
75
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

  • dys (prefix): difficult, laboured, painful, abnormal
  • pnea (suffix): breathing
76
Q

dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

  • dys (prefix): difficult/painful/abnormal
  • uria (suffix): urine, urination
77
Q

edema

A

swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body tissue

78
Q

effusion

A

abnormal collection of fluid in hollow spaces or between tissues of the body

79
Q

egophony

A

abnormal transmission of sounds from the lung

  • modification of voice sounds resembling bleating when listening to the lungs
80
Q

ejection fraction

A

measurement of the percentage of blood leaving your heart every time it contracts

81
Q

electrolyte

A

salts and minerals that carry an electric charge

82
Q

emesis

A

action or process of vomiting

  • emesis (suffix): vomiting
83
Q

emollient

A

substance that softens or soothes the skin

84
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

  • encephala (root): brain
  • itis (suffix): inflammation
85
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium)

  • cardi (root): heart
  • itis (suffix): inflammation
86
Q

enema

A

inserting gas or liquid into the rectum

87
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine

  • itis (suffix): inflammation
88
Q

epidural

A

on or around the dura mater – (of anesthetic) injection into the space around the spinal cord to produce loss of sensation below waist

89
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

90
Q

erythema

A

reddening of the skin – rash

  • erythr (root): red
91
Q

etiology

A

cause or manner of causation of a disease or condition

  • ology (suffix): study of
92
Q

exacerbation

A

worsening – increase in severity of a problem, illness, or bad situation

93
Q

exfoliate

A

removing dead skin cells from the surface of the skin

94
Q

expectorant

A

agent that promotes secretion of sputum/mucus from respiratory tract

95
Q

extraocular

A

ocurring or situated outside the eyeball

  • ocul (root): eye
96
Q

extrapyramidal symptoms

A

drug-induced movement disorders (side effects), like involuntary tremors and muscle contractions, slurred speech, anxiety, and slowed thinking

97
Q

extravasation

A
  • leakage of injected (vesicant) drugs/solutions into the surrounding tissues of an IV site
  • leakage of a blood or blood cells from vessels into the surrounding area
98
Q

exophthalmos

A

bulging or protruding eyeballs

  • ophthalm (root): eye
99
Q

exudate

A

mass of cells and fluid that has seeped out of blood vessels or an organ, especially during inflammation

100
Q

febrile

A

having or showing symptoms of a fever

101
Q

fibrosis

A

development of fibrous connective tissue

  • osis (suffix): state or condition / process, condition, or state, usually abnormal or disease, production or increase
102
Q

fistula

A

abnormal connection between two body parts

103
Q

flaccid

A

soft and hanging loosely or limply

104
Q

flatulence

A

buildup of gas in digestive system

105
Q

galactorrhea

A

excessive or inappropriate milk production

  • lact (root): milk
  • rrhea (suffix): flow or discharge
106
Q

gangrene

A

localized death and decomposition of body tissue from obstructed circulation or bacterial infection

107
Q

gastrointestinal

A

relating to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or GI system – stomach and intestines

  • gastr (root): stomach
108
Q

genitourinary

A

refers to the urinary and genital organs

109
Q

gestation

A

period of time between conception and birth

  • process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth – development of something over a period of time
110
Q

goiter

A

abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland

111
Q

gynecomastia

A

enlargement of breast tissue in males

  • gyn (root): woman
  • oma (suffix): tumour
  • mast (root): breast
  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
112
Q

halitosis

A

bad smelling breath

  • osis (suffix): state or condition / process, condition, or state, usually abnormal or disease, production or increase
113
Q

hemostasis

A

stopping the flow of blood

  • hem (root): blood
114
Q

hemolysis

A

breakdown or destruction of RBCs

  • hem (root): blood
115
Q

hematuria

A

presence of blood in urine

  • hemat (root): blood
  • uria (suffix): urine, urination
116
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body due to a disease or injury of the motor centres in the brain

  • hemi (prefix): half
  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
117
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

  • hemo (prefix): blood, blood vessels
118
Q

hemorrhage

A

excessive bleeding

  • hemo (prefix): blood, blood vessels
119
Q

hereditary

A

determined by genetic factors, able to be passed on from parents to offspring (inheritance)

120
Q

hernia

A

when an internal organ or body part protrudes through the wall of muscle or tissue

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
121
Q

hydrophilic

A

having a strong affinity for water

122
Q

hydrophobic

A

lacking an affinity for water – repelling water

123
Q

hygroscopic

A

tending to absorb moisture from the air

124
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high blood glucose level in blood

  • hyper (prefix): above, beyond, excessive
  • glyc (root): sugar
  • emia (suffix): blood condition
125
Q

hyperkalemia

A

high potassium level in blood

  • hyper (prefix): above, beyond, excessive
  • kal (root): potassium
  • emia (suffix): blood condition
126
Q

hypernatremia

A

high sodium level in blood

  • hyper (prefix): above, beyond, excessive
  • emia (suffix): blood condition
127
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

  • hyper (prefix): above, beyond, excessive
128
Q

hypoglycemia

A

lower than normal blood sugar (glucose) level

  • hypo (prefix): under, deficient
  • glyc (root): sugar
  • emia (suffix): blood condition
129
Q

hyponatremia

A

lower than normal sodium level in blood

  • hypo (prefix): under, deficient
  • emia (suffix): blood condition
130
Q

hypertrophy

A

excessive enlargement or growth of an organ or body part

  • hyper (prefix): above, beyond, excessive
131
Q

hyperplasia

A

increased cell production in a normal tissue or organ

  • hyper (prefix): above, beyond, excessive
  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
132
Q

hypokalemia

A

lower than normal potassium level in your bloodstream

  • hypo (prefix): under, deficient
  • kal (root): potassium
  • emia (suffix): blood condition

Foundations Drug List and Medical Terminology (56 decks)

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