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Foundations Drug List and Medical Terminology > Medical Terminology T1 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology T1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abscess

A

pus that collects in a pocket of swollen, red tissue – often occurs on the surface of the skin

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2
Q

acute

A

severe and sudden onset of signs or symptoms – short-lived

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3
Q

adherence

A

degree to which a patient correctly follows medical advice

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4
Q

adjunct

A

another treatment used together with the primary treatment

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5
Q

afebrile

A

not having a fever

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6
Q

agranulocytosis

A

life-threatening condition that involves having severely low levels of white blood cells called neutrophils (subset of granulocytes)

  • cyt (root): cell
  • osis (suffix): state or condition / process, condition, or state, usually abnormal or disease, production or increase
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7
Q

alopecia

A

lack or loss of hair from areas of the body where hair is usually found

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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8
Q

ambulatory

A

able to walk around

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9
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstruation

  • a (prefix): lack, without
  • men (root): menstruation
  • rrhea (suffix): flow or discharge
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10
Q

amnesia

A

memory loss

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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11
Q

analgesic

A

drug that reduces pain

  • algesi (root): pain
  • ic (suffix): pertaining to
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12
Q

anaphylaxis

A

sudden, severe, and life-threatening allergic reaction that involves the whole body

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13
Q

andropause

A

syndrome associated with a decrease in sexual satisfaction or a decline in a feeling of general well-being with low levels of testosterone in older men

  • andr (root): male
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14
Q

anemia

A

lack of blood / low or lack of red blood cells

  • an (prefix): without, lacking
  • emia (suffix): blood condition
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15
Q

anhedonia

A

inability to experience joy or pleasure

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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16
Q

aneurysm

A

abnormal bulge or ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel

  • neur (root): nerve
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17
Q

angioedema

A

swelling of the deeper layers of the skin, caused by a build-up of fluid

  • angi (root): vessel
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18
Q

anorexia

A

abnormal loss of the appetite for food

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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19
Q

anterior

A

front

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20
Q

antiemetic

A

drug that prevents or reduces nausea and vomiting

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21
Q

antibiotic

A

drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms

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22
Q

anti-inflammatory

A

drug or substance that reduces inflammation (redness, swelling, and pain) in the body

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23
Q

antipruritic

A

drug that relieves or prevents itching

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24
Q

antipyretic

A

drug that reduces fever

  • pyr (root): fever, heat
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25
Q

antiseptic

A

antimicrobial substances that are non-damaging to living tissue/skin while reducing the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction

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26
Q

antitussive

A

medicines that suppress coughing

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27
Q

aphagia

A

loss of the ability to swallow, inability to eat

  • a (prefix): without, lacking
  • phagia (suffix): eating, devouring
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28
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregular heartbeat

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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29
Q

arthralgia

A

condition of painful joints

  • arthr (root): joint
  • algia (suffix): pain
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30
Q

ascites

A

condition in which fluid collects in spaces within your abdomen

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31
Q

aspiration

A

to draw in or out using a sucking motion

  • spir (root): breathe, breathing
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32
Q

asthenia

A

physical weakness or a lack of energy

  • asthenia (suffix): weakness
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33
Q

ataxia

A

loss of muscle control

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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34
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size of a body part, cell, organ, or other tissue

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35
Q

auscultation

A

listening to the sounds of the body during a physical examination

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36
Q

axillary

A

pertaining to the armpit area, including the lymph nodes that are located there

  • axill (root): armpit
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37
Q

bilateral

A

both sides of the body

  • bi (prefix): two
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38
Q

biopsy

A

procedure to remove a piece of tissue or a sample of cells from your body so that it can be tested in a laboratory

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39
Q

benign

A

condition, tumor, or growth that is not cancerous

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40
Q

condition, tumor, or growth that is not cancerou

A

inflammation of the breathing tubes (bronchi)

  • bronch (root): bronchus
  • itis (suffix): inflammation
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41
Q

bradycardia

A

low heart rate

  • brady (prefix): slow
  • cardi (root): heart
  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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42
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormally slow breathing rate

  • brady (prefix): slow
  • pnea (suffix): breathing
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43
Q

buccal

A

relating to or located in the cheeks

  • bucc (root): cheek
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44
Q

cachexia

A

loss of body weight and muscle mass, and weakness

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
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45
Q

candidiasis

A

fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of a type of yeast that lives on your body (Candida albicans)

  • iasis (suffix): state or condition
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46
Q

cardiovascular

A

pertaining to the heart (cardio) and the blood vessels (vascular)

  • cardi (root): heart
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47
Q

catheter

A

tubular medical device for insertion into canals, vessels, passageways, or body cavities usually to permit injection or withdrawal of fluids or to keep a passage open

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48
Q

chronic

A

disease or condition that usually lasts for 3 months or longer and may get worse over time

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49
Q

comorbidity

A

condition of having two or more diseases at the same time

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50
Q

compliance

A

the act of following a medical regimen or schedule correctly and consistently, including taking medicines or following a diet

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51
Q

constriction

A

narrowing or closing of a passageway

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52
Q

contraceptive

A

device or preparation designed to prevent conception

  • contra (prefix): against, opposite
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53
Q

contraindication

A

anything (including a symptom or medical condition) that is a reason for a person to not receive a particular treatment or procedure because it may be harmful

  • contra (prefix): against, opposite
54
Q

contusion

A

bruise

55
Q

corticosteroids

A

anti-inflammatory drug, any steroid hormone (such as cortisol, cortisone, or aldosterone) that are produced by the adrenal cortex

56
Q

crackles

A

discontinuous, interrupted or explosive lung sounds

57
Q

cranial

A

of or relating to the skull or cranium

  • crani (root): skull
58
Q

cyanotic

A

marked by or causing a bluish or purplish discolouration (as of the skin and mucous membranes) due to deficient oxygenation of the blood

  • cyan (root): blue
59
Q

cyanosis

A

blue or purple colouration of skin due to lack of oxygen

  • cyan (root): blue
  • osis (suffix): state or condition / process, condition, or state, usually abnormal or disease, production or increase
60
Q

delirium

A

mental state in which a person is confused and has reduced awareness of their surroundings

61
Q

dementia

A

loss of cognitive functioning (thinking, remembering, and reasoning) to such an extent that it interferes with a person’s daily life and activities

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
62
Q

diagnosis

A

process of identifying a disease, condition, or injury from its signs and symptoms

  • osis (suffix): process, condition, or state, usually abnormal or disease, production or increase
63
Q

diaphoretic

A

ability to increase sweating

  • diaphor (root): sweat
64
Q

differential diagnosis

A

a list of possible conditions that share the same symptoms that you described to your healthcare provider

65
Q

distention

A

state of being distended, enlarged, swollen from internal pressure

66
Q

diastolic

A

the time when the heart is in a period of relaxation and dilatation (expansion)

67
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

  • dipl (root): two, double
  • opia (suffix): vision
68
Q

diuretic

A

type of drug that causes the kidneys to make more urine

69
Q

diuresis

A

increase in the amount of urine made by the kidney and passed from the body

  • esis (suffix): state or condition
70
Q

dorsalis

A

any of several arteries situated in and supplying the back of the parts with which they are associated

71
Q

dose

A

amount of medicine taken at one time

72
Q

dyskinesia

A

abnormal movements – a disorder

  • dys (prefix): difficult/painful/abnormal
  • kinesi (root): movement/motion
  • ia (suffix): condition of disease or abnormal state
73
Q

dysphagia

A

swallowing difficulties

  • dys (prefix): difficult/painful/abnormal
  • phagia (suffix): eating, devouring
74
Q

dystrophy

A

general term for tissue degeneration such as that caused by diseases of nutrition or metabolism

  • dys (prefix): difficult/painful/abnormal
75
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

  • dys (prefix): difficult, laboured, painful, abnormal
  • pnea (suffix): breathing
76
Q

dysuria

A

discomfort associated with urination

  • dys (prefix): difficult/painful/abnormal
  • uria (suffix): urine, urination
77
Q

edema

A

swelling caused by a collection of fluid in the spaces that surround the body’s tissues and organs

78
Q

effusion

A

abnormal collection of fluid in hollow spaces or between tissues of the body

79
Q

egophony

A

increased resonance of voice sounds heard when auscultating the lungs

80
Q

ejection fraction

A

measurement of the percentage of blood leaving the heart each time it squeezes

81
Q

electrolyte

A

substance that breaks up into ions (particles with electrical charges) when it is dissolved in water or body fluids

82
Q

emesis

A

forceful ejection of some or all of the contents of the stomach through the mouth

  • emesis (suffix): vomiting
83
Q

emollient

A

substance that helps soothe, soften, and increase moisture levels, especially in the skin

84
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

  • encephala (root): brain
  • itis (suffix): inflammation
85
Q

endocarditis

A

condition in which the tissues lining the inside of the heart and the heart valves become inflamed (red and swollen)

  • cardi (root): heart
  • itis (suffix): inflammation
86
Q

enema

A

injection of a liquid through the anus into the large bowel

87
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine

  • itis (suffix): inflammation
88
Q

epidural

A

injection in the back to stop feeling pain in part of the body

89
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

90
Q

erythema

A

reddening of the skin

  • erythr (root): red
91
Q

etiology

A

the cause/origin of a disease or abnormal condition

  • ology (suffix): study of
92
Q

exacerbation

A

worsening – increase in the severity of a disease or its signs and symptoms

93
Q

exfoliate

A

shedding of surface components (as cells from internal body surfaces)

94
Q

expectorant

A

type of cough medicine used to help clear mucus (phlegm) from the airway

95
Q

extraocular

A

located outside the eye

  • ocul (root): eye
96
Q

extrapyramidal symptoms

A

side effects caused by certain antipsychotic and other drugs

  • variety of movement disorders such as tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, or bradykinesia, suffered as a result of taking dopamine antagonists, usually antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs, which are often used to control psychosis, especially schizophrenia
97
Q

extravasation

A

leakage of blood, lymph, or other fluid, such as an anticancer drug, from a blood vessel or tube into the tissue around it

98
Q

exophthalmos

A

bulging or protruding eyeball or eyeball

  • ophthalm (root): eye
99
Q

exudate

A

fluid that leaks out of blood vessels into nearby tissues

100
Q

febrile

A

related to fever

101
Q

fibrosis

A

development of fibrous connective tissue as a reparative response to injury or damage

  • osis (suffix): state or condition / process, condition, or state, usually abnormal or disease, production or increase
102
Q

fistula

A

abnormal opening or passage between two organs or between an organ and the surface of the body

103
Q

flaccid

A

type of paralysis in which a muscle becomes soft and yields to passive stretching

104
Q

flatulence

A

releasing gas from the digestive system through the anus

105
Q

galactorrhea

A

milk production from the breast unrelated to pregnancy or lactation

  • lact (root): milk
  • rrhea (suffix): flow or discharge
106
Q

gangrene

A

death of body tissue due to a lack of blood flow or a serious bacterial infection

107
Q

gastrointestinal

A

relating to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or GI system

  • gastr (root): stomach
108
Q

genitourinary

A

refers to the urinary and genital organs

109
Q

gestation

A

period of time between conception and birth

110
Q

goiter

A

enlarged thyroid

111
Q

gynecomastia

A

an increase in the amount of breast gland tissue in boys or men

  • gyn (root): woman
  • oma (suffix): tumour
  • mast (root): breast
  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
112
Q

halitosis

A

an unpleasant odor from the mouth or ‘bad breath’

  • osis (suffix): state or condition / process, condition, or state, usually abnormal or disease, production or increase
113
Q

hemostasis

A

mechanism that leads to cessation of bleeding from a blood vessel

  • hem (root): blood
114
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction of red blood cells (erythrocytes)

  • hem (root): blood
115
Q

hematuria

A

blood in your urine

  • hemat (root): blood
  • uria (suffix): urine, urination
116
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side of the body

  • hemi (prefix): half
  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
117
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

  • hemo (prefix): blood, blood vessels
118
Q

hemorrhage

A

acute loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel

  • hemo (prefix): blood, blood vessels
119
Q

hereditary

A

the passing of genetic information from parent to child through the genes in sperm and egg cells

120
Q

hernia

A

bulging of an internal organ through a weak area or tear in the muscle or other tissue that holds it in place

  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
121
Q

hydrophilic

A

of, relating to, or having a strong affinity for water

122
Q

hydrophobic

A

irrational fear of water, to drink or to swim in

123
Q

hygroscopic

A

readily taking up and retaining moisture

124
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high glucose

  • hyper (prefix): above, beyond, excessive
  • glyc (root): sugar
  • emia (suffix): blood condition
125
Q

hyperkalemia

A

potassium level in the blood that’s higher than normal

  • hyper (prefix): above, beyond, excessive
  • kal (root): potassium
  • emia (suffix): blood condition
126
Q

hypernatremia

A

sodium levels in the blood that’s too high

  • hyper (prefix): above, beyond, excessive
  • emia (suffix): blood condition
127
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

  • hyper (prefix): above, beyond, excessive
128
Q

hypoglycemia

A

condition in which blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than the standard range

  • hypo (prefix): under, deficient
  • glyc (root): sugar
  • emia (suffix): blood condition
129
Q

hyponatremia

A

low sodium levels in the blood

  • hypo (prefix): under, deficient
  • emia (suffix): blood condition
130
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in the size of an organ, structure, or the body due to growth rather than tumour formation

  • hyper (prefix): above, beyond, excessive
131
Q

hyperplasia

A

increased cell production in a normal tissue or organ

  • hyper (prefix): above, beyond, excessive
  • ia (suffix): state or condition / condition of diseased or abnormal state
132
Q

hypokalemia

A

lower than normal potassium level in your bloodstream

  • hypo (prefix): under, deficient
  • kal (root): potassium
  • emia (suffix): blood condition

Foundations Drug List and Medical Terminology (29 decks)

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