Medical Terminology - Roots/Combining Forms Flashcards
abdomin
abdomen
abort, abort/o
to miscarry
absorpt, absorpt/o
to suck in
acanth
thorn
acetabul, acetabul/o
acetabulum, hip socket
acid, acid/o
acid
acoust
hearing
acr, acr/o
extremity, point
act, act/o
acting, act
actin
ray
acute
sharp
aden, aden/o
gland
adhes
stuck to
adip, adip/o
fat
adren, adren/o
adrenal gland
agglutinat
clumping
agglutin/o
clumping
agon, agon/o
agony
agor/a
marketplace
albin, albin/o
white
albumin, albumin/o
protein
aliment, aliment/o
nourishment
all, all/o
other
alveol, alveol/o
small, hollow, air sac
aud/i, audi/o
to hear
aur, aur/i
ear
chol/e
gall or bile
cochle/o
land snail
electr/o
electricity
labyrinth/o
maze, inner ear
laryng/o
larynx, voice box
mast/o
mastoid process, breast-shaped
myring/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane
neur/o
nerve
ot/o
ear
pharyng/e
pharynx
presby/o
old
py/o
pus
scler/o
hardening
staped/o
stapes, stirrup
steat/o
fat
tympan/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane
blephar, blephar/o
eyelid
anis/o
unequal
conjunctiv, conjunctiv/o
to join together, conjunctiva
cor/o
pupil
corne/o
cornea
cry/o
cold
cycl/o
ciliary body
dacry/o
tear, lacrimal duct, tear duct
fibr/o
fiber
goni/o
angle
irid/o
iris
kerat/o
cornea
lacrim/o
tear, lacrimal duct, tear duct
lent/o
lens
metr/o
measure
mi/o
less, small
my/o
muscle
ocul/o
eye
ophthalm/o
eye
opt/o
eye
phac/o
lens
phak/o
lentil, lens
photo/o
light
presby/o
old
pupill/o
pupil
rad/i
radiating out from a centre
retin/o
retina
scler/o
sclera, hardening
stigmat/o
point
ton/o
tone, tension
trich/o
hair
trop/o
turn
uve/o
uvea
xen/o
foreign material
xer/o
dry
ambly, ambly/o
dull
ambul
to walk
amni/o
amniotic fluid
ampere
ampere
amputat, amputat/o
to cut through
amyl, amyl/o
starch
anabol, anabol/o
building up
anastom
opening
andr, andr/o
man
ang, ang/i
vessel
ankyl, ankyl/o
crooked
an/o
anus
anter, anter/o
front
anthrac, anthrac/o
coal
aort, aort/o
aorta
append, append/o
appendix
appendic, appendic/o
appendix
arachn
spider
arche
beginning
arous
alertness, to rise
arter, arter/i, arteri/o
artery
arthr, arthr/o
joint
artific/i
not natural
aspirat, aspirat/o
to draw in
atel, atel/o
imperfect
ather, ather/o
fatty substance, porridge
atri, atri/o
atrium
auditor
hearing
auscultat, auscultat/o
listen to
aut
self
axill
armpit
bacter/i
bacteria
balan, balan/o
glans penis
bartholin
Bartholin’s glands
bas/o
base
bil, bil/i
bile, gall
bi/o
life
blast/o
germ cell
brach/i
arm
bronch, bronch/i, bronch/o
bronchi
bronchiol, bronchiol/o
bronchiole
bucc, bucc/o
cheek
burs, burs/o
pouch
calc, calc/i, calc/o
lime, calcium
calcan/e
heel bone
cancer, cancer/o
crab, cancer
capn
smoke
capsul, capsul/o
little box
carcin, carcin/o
cancer
card, card/i, cardi/o
heart
carp, carp/o
wrist
cartil
gristle
cartilagin/o
cartilage
castr
to prune
catabol, catabol/o
casting down
caud, caud/o
tail
caus, caus/o
heat
cavit
cavity
celi, celi/o
abdomen, belly
cellul, cellul/o
little cell
centr, centr/i, centr/o
center
centrat
center
cephal/o
head
cept
receive
cerebell, cerebell/o
little brain
cerebr/o
cerebrum
cervic, cervic/o
cervix, neck
cheil/o
lip
chem/o
chemical
chir/o
hand
chlor/o
green
chol, chole, chol/e
gall, bile
choledoch/o
common bile duct
chondr, chondr/o
cartilage
chord
cord
chori/o
chorion
choroid, choroid/o
choroid
chromat, chromat/o
color
chrom/o
color
chym
juice
cine
motion
cinemat/o
motion
circulat, circulat/o
circular
cirrh, cirrh/o
orange-yellow
cis, cis/o
to cut
claudicat, claudicat/o
to limp
clavicul, clavicul/o
collar bone
cleid/o
clavicle
clon/o
turmoil
coagul/o
to clot
coccyg/e, coccyg/o
coccyx, tailbone
coit, coit/o
coming together
col, col/o
colon
coll/a
glue
collis
neck
colon, colon/o
colon
colp/o
vagina
comat
a deep sleep
compensat
to make good
concuss
shaken violently
condyle
knuckle
con/i
dust
connect
to bind together
consci
aware
constipat
to press together
continence
to hold
cor, cor/o
pupil
cord/o
cord
coriat
corium
corne, corne/o
cornea
corpor, corpor/e
body
cortic, cortic/o
cortex
cortis
cortex
cost, cost/o
rib
cox
hip
crani, cran/i, crani/o
skull
creat
flesh
creatin
flesh, creatine
crine, crin/o
to secrete
crur
leg
cry/o
cold
crypt, crypt/o
hidden
cubit
elbow, to lie
culd/o
cul-de-sac
curie
curie
cutane, cutan/e, cutane/o
skin
cyan, cyan/o
dark blue
cycl, cycl/o
ciliary body of eye, circle, cycle
cyst, cyst/o
bladder, sac
cyt, cyt/o
cell
cyth
cell
dacry, dacry/o
tear, lacrimal duct, tear duct
dactyl, dactyl/o
finger or toe
defecat
to remove dregs
delus, delus/o
to cheat
dem
people
dendr/o
tree
dent, dent/i, dent/o
tooth
derm, derm/a, derm/o
skin
dermat, dermat/o
skin
dextr/o
to the right
diaphragmat/o
diaphragm, partition
didym, didym/o
testis
digit, digit/o
finger or toe
dilat, dilat/o
to widen
dipl/o
double
disk, disk/o
disk
dist, dist/o
away from the point of origin
diverticul, diverticul/o
diverticula
dors, dors/i, dors/o
backward
duct, duct/o
to lead
duoden, duoden/o
duodenum
dur, dur/o
dura, hard
dwarf
small
dynam, dynam/o
power
ech/o
echo, reflected sound
ectop
displaced
eg/o
I, self
ejaculat, ejaculat/o
to throw out
electr/o
electricity
embol, embol/o
throw
eme
to vomit
emulsificat
disintegrate
encephal, encephal/o
brain
enchyma
to pour
enter/o
intestines (usually small intestine)
enucleat
to remove the kernel of
eosin/o
rose-coloured
episi/o
vulva, pudenda
erget
work
erg/o
work
eructat
breaking out
erysi
red
erythr/o
red
esophag/e
esophagus
esophage/o
esophagus
esthesi/o
feeling, sensation
esthet
feeling, sensation
estr/o
mad desire
eti/o
cause
excret/o, excretor
sifted out
fasc, fasci/o
band (fascia)
febr
fever
femor, femor/o
femur, thigh bone
fenestrat
window
fibr, fibr/o
fibrous tissue, fiber
fibrillar
fibrils (small fibers)
fibrin/o
fiber
fibul, fibul/o
fibula
filtrat, filtrat/o
to strain through
fixat, fixat/o
fastened
flex
to bend
fluor/o
fluorescence, luminous
foc, foc/o
focus
follicul, follicul/o
little bag
format
shaping
fungat
mushroom, fungus
furc
fork
fus, fus/o
to pour
galact/o
milk
ganglion
knot
gastr, gastr/o
stomach
gen, gene
formation
genet
produce
genital
belonging to birth
gen//o
kind
ger, ger/o
old age
gester
to bear
gigant, gigant/o
giant
gingiv, gingiv/o
gums
glandul
little acorn
gli, gli/o
glue
globin
globule
glob, globul, globul/o
globe
glomerul, glomerul/o
glomerulus, little ball
gloss/o
tongue
gluc/o
sweet, sugar
glyc, glyc/, glycos, glycos/o
glucose, sweet, sugar
gnost
knowledge
gonad, gonad/o
seed
goni/o
angle
gon/o
genitals
grand/i
great
granul/o
little grain, granular
gravida, gravidar
pregnancy
gryp
curve
gurgitat
to flood
gynec/o
female
halat, halat/o
breathe
halit/o
breath
hallucinat
to wander in mind
hallux
great (big) toe
hem, hem/o
blood
hemat, hemat/o
blood
hemorrh, hemorrh/o
vein liable to bleed
hepat, hepat/o
liver
herni/o
hernia
hidr, hidr/o
sweat
hirsut, hirsut/o
hairy
hist/o
tissue
hol/o
whole
horizont
horizon
humer, humer/o
humerus
hydr, hydr/o
water
hymen
hymen
hypn, hypn/o
sleep
hyster, hyster/o
womb, uterus
iatr
treatment
icter, icter/o
jaundice
ile, ile/o
ileum
ili, ili/o
ilium
illus
foot
immun/o
safe, immunity
infarc, infarct/o
infarct (necrosis of an area)
infect
to infect
infer, infer/o
below
inguin, inguin/o
groin
insul, insul/o
insulin
insulin/o
insulin
inteument, integument/o
covering
intern
within
ionizat
ion (going)
ion/o
ion
iont/o
ion
irid, irid/o
iris
isch, isch/o
to hold back
ischi
ischium
is/o
equal
jaund
yellow
kal, kal/i
potassium
kary/o
cell’s nucleus
kel, kel/o
tumor
kerat, kerat/o
horn, cornea
keton, keton/o
ketone
kil/o
one thousand
kinet
motion
kyph, kyph/o
hump
labi, labi/o
lip
labyrinth, labyrinth/o
maze
lacrim, lacrim/o
tear, lacrimal duct, tear duct
lamin, lamin/o
thin plate
lamp(s)
to shine
lapar/o
abdomen
laryng, laryng/e, laryng/o
larynx, voice box
later, later/o
side
laxat
to loosen
lei/o
smooth
lemma
rind, sheath, husk
lent, lent/o
lens
lept
seizure
letharg
drowsiness
leuk, leuk/a, leuk/o
white
levat
lifter
lingu, lingu/o
tongue
lip, lip/o
fat
lipid, lipid/o
fat
lith, lith/o
stone
lob, lob/o
lobe
lobul
small lobe
locat
to place
log
study
log/o
word
lopec
fox mange
lord, lord/o
bending, curve, swayback
lucent
to shine
lumb, lumb/o
loin, lower back
lump
lump
lun, lun/o
moon
lymph, lymph/o
lymph, clear fluid
macr/o
large
malign, malign/o
bad kind
mamm/o
breast
mandibul, mandibul/o
lower jawbone
man/o
thin
mast, mast/o
process, breast-shaped, breast
masticat
to chew
mat
to ripen
maxill, maxill/o
jawbone
maxilla
jaw
maxim
greatest
meat, meat/o
passage
med
middle
medi, medi/o
toward the middle
medull, medull/o
marrow
melan, melan/o
black
men, men/o
month, menses, menstruation
mening, mening/i, mening/o
membrane, meninges
menisc, menisc/i, menisc/o
crescent shaped
men/o
month, menses, menstruation
menstru
to discharge the menses
ment, ment/o
mind
mes, mes/o
middle
mester
month
metr, metr/i, metr/o
to measure, womb, uterus
micturit, micturit/o
to urinate
miliar
millet (tiny)
minim
least
mi/o
less, smaller
mit, mit/o
thread
mitr, mitr/o
mitral valve
mnes
memory
mucos, mucos/o, mucus
mucus
muscul, muscul/o
muscle
muta, mutat, mutat/o
to change
my, my/o
muscle
myc, myc/o
fungus
mydriat
dilation, widen
myel, myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
my/o, my/o(s)
muscle
myx, myx/o
mucus
narc/o
numbness, sleep, stupor
nas/o
nose
nat, nat/o
birth
necr, necr/o
death
nephr, nephr/o
kidney
neur, neur/i, neur/o
nerve
neutr/o
neither
nid
nest
noct, noct/o
night
nom
law
norm
rule
nucl
nucleus
nucle
kernel, nucleus
nyctal
night
occlus, occlus/o
to close up
ocul, ocul/o
eye
odont, odont/o
tooth
olecran, olecran/o
elbow
olfact/o
smell
omphal/o
navel, umbilicus
onc/o
tumor
onych, onych/o
nail
o/o
ovum, egg
oophor, oophor/o
ovary
ophthalm, ophthalm/o
eye
opt, opt/o
eye
or, or/o
mouth
orch, orch/o
testicle
orchid, orchid/o
testicle
organ, organ/o
organ
orth, orth/o
straight
oscill, oscill/o
to swing
oste, oste/o
bone
ot, ot/o
ear
ovar
ovary
ovul, ovulat
ovary
ox, ox/i, ox/o
oxygen
oxy
sour, sharp, acid
pachy, pachy/o
thick
palat/o
palate
palliat, palliat/o
cloaked
pallid/o
globus pallidus
palm
palm
palp
touch
palpitat, palpit/o
throbbing
pancreat/o
pancreas
papill, papill/o
papilla
paque
dark
para
to bear, bring forth
paralyt
to disable, paralysis
pareun, pareun/o
lying beside, sexual intercourse
partum
labor
parturit
in labor
patell, patell/o
kneecap, patella
path, path/o
disease
pause
cessation
pector, pector/o
chest
pector(at)
breast, chest
ped, ped/o, ped/i
foot, child
pedicul, pedicul/o
louse
pelv/i
pelvis
penile
penis
pept, pept/o
to digest
perine, perine/o
perineum
periton/e
peritoneum
phac, phac/o
lens
phag, phag/o
to eat, engulf
phak, phak/o
lentil, lens
phalang/e
phalanges, finger/toe bones
pharyng, pharyng/e, pharyng/o
pharynx, throat
phas
speech
phen/o
to show
phe/o
dusky
phim
muzzle
phleb, phleb/o
vein
phon, phone
voice
phon/o
sound
phor
carrying
phos
light
phot/o
light
phragm
partition
phras
speech
phren, phren/o
mind
physic, physic/o
nature
pil/o
hair
pine
pine cone
pineal
pineal body
pin/o
to drink
pituitar
pituitary gland
plak, plak/o
plate
plasma, plasm/o
plasma
plast
developing
pleur, pleura, pleur/o
pleura
plicat
to fold
pneum/o
lung, air
pneumon, pneumon/o
lung
pod/o
foot
poiet
formation
poli/o
gray
pollex
thumb
por
passage
porphyr
purple
poster, poster/o
behind, toward the back, back
prand/i
meal
presby, presby/o
old
press
to press
proct, proct/o
rectum
prophylact
guarding
prostat, prostat/o
prostate
prosth/e
an addition
proxim, proxim/o
near the point of origin
prurit, prurit/o
itching
psych, psych/o
mind
pudend
external genitals
pulm/o
lung
pulmon, pulmon/o
lung
pulmonar, pulmonar/o
lung
pupill, pupill/o
pupil
purpur
purple
py, py/o
pus
pyel, pyel/o
renal pelvis
pylor, pylor/o
pylorus, gatekeeper
pyret
fever
pyr/o
heat, fire
rach, rach/i
spine
radi/o
ray, x-ray
radiat
radiant
radiat
radiant
radic/o
spinal nerve root
radicul
spinal nerve root
ras
to scrape off
rect/o
rectum
regul
rule
relaxat
to loosen
remiss, remiss/o
remit
ren, ren/o
kidney
respirat, respirat/o
breathing
reticul/o
net
retin, retin/o
retina
rhabd/o
rod
rheumat, rheumat/o
discharge
rhin/o
nose
rhonch, rhonch/o
snore
rhytid/o
wrinkle
roent
roentgen
rotat, rotat/o
to turn
rrhyth, rrhythm, rrhythm/o
rhythm
rube/o
red
sacr, sacr/o
sacrum
salping, salping/o, saplinx
tube, fallopian tube
sarc, sarc/o
flesh
scapul, scapul/o
shoulder blade
schiz/o
to divide
scler, scler/o
hard, hardening, sclera
scoli, scoli/o
curvature
scop
to examine
seb/o
oil
secund
second
semin, semin/i
seed, semen
seminat
seed, semen
senil, senile
old
sept
putrefying
sept/o
a partition
ser(a), ser/o
whey, serum
sert
to gain
sexu
sex
sial, sial/o
saliva, salivary
sider/o
iron
sigmoid, sigmoid/o
sigmoid
sin/o
curve
sinus
a hollow curve
situ
place
som, somat, somat/o
body
somn, somn/o
sleep
son, son/o
sound
spadias
rent, opening
spastic
convulsive
sperm, sperm/i, sperm/o
seed (sperm)
spermat, spermat/o
seed (sperm)
sphygm/o
pulse
spin, spin/o
spine, thorn
spir/o
breath
splen/o
spleen
spondyl, spondyl/o
vertebra
staped, staped/o
stapes, stirrup
steat, steat/o
fat
sten, sten/o
narrowing
ster
solid
stern, stern/o
sternum, breast bone
sterol
solid (fat)
steth, steth/o
chest
stigmat, stigmat/o
point
stom, stom/o
mouth
stomat, stomat/o
mouth
stabism
squinting
strict
to tighten, contraction
suppress, suppress/o
suppress
surrog
substitute
symmetric
summetry
sympath
sympathy
synov, synov/o
synovial membrane
system
composite whole
systol
contraction
systole
contraction
tars/o
ankle, tarsus
tel
end, distant
tele
distant
tempor
temples
tendin
tendon
tend/o
tendon
tendon, tendon/o
tendon
ten/o
tendon
tenos
tendon
tens
tension
tentori
tentorium, tent
terat, terat/o
monster
testicul, testicul/o
testicle
test/o
testicle
thalass
sea
thel/i
nipple
therm, therm/o
hot, heat
thorac, thorac/o
chest
thorax
chest
thromb, thromb/o
clot
thym, thym/o
thymus, mind, emotion
thyr, thyr/o
thyroid, shield
thyrox
thyroid, shield
tibi, tibi/o
tibia
toc
birth
tom/o
to cut
ton, ton/o
tone, tension
tonsill, tonsill/o
tonsil, almond
topic, top/p
place
tors, tors/o
twisted
tort/i
twisted
tox, tox/o
poison
toxic, toxic/o
poison
trach/e, trache/o
trachea
tract, tract/o
to draw
trephinat
bore
trich, trich/o
hair
trigone
trigone
trism
grating
trop, trop/o
turning
troph, troph/o
a turning
tuber
bulge
tubercul, tubercul/o
little swelling
turg
swelling
tuss
cough
tympan, tympan/o
eardrum, drum
uln, uln/o
ulna, elbow
umbilic
navel
ungu
nail
ur, ur/o
urinate, urination
urea
urea
uret
urine
ureter, ureter/o
ureter
urethr, urethr/o
urethra
urin, urin/o
urine
urinat
urine
uter, uter/o
uterus
uve, uve/o
uvea
vagin, vagin/o
vagina
vag/o
vagus, wandering
valvul/o
valve
varic/o
twisted vein
vas, vas/o
vessel
vascul, vascul/o
small vessel
vector
carrier
ven, ven/i, ven/o
vein
venere, venere/o
sexual intercourse
ventilat, ventilat/o
to air
ventr, ventr/o
near or on the belly side of the body
ventricul, ventricul/o
ventricle, little belly
vermin, verm/i
worm
vers, vers/o
turning
vertebr, vertebr/o
vertebra
vesic
bladder
vesicul, vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
vir, vir/o
virus (poison)
viril, viril/o
masculine
viscer, viscer/o
body organs
volt
volt
volunt, volunt/o
will
volvul
to roll
vuls, vuls/o
to pull
watt
watt
xanth/o
yellow
xen, xen/o
foreign material
xer, xer/o
dry
xiph, xiph/o
sword
zo/o
animal
zoon
life
