Medical Terminology - Chapter 7 Flashcards
agon/o
agony, a contest
amputat/o
to cut through
brach/i
arm
cleid/o
clavicle
clon/o
turmoil
duct/o
to lead
dactyl/o
finger or toe
dermat/o
skin
fasci/o
a band
fibr/o
fiber
is/o
equal
metr/o
to measure
muscul/o
muscle
my/o
muscle
neur/o
nerve
path/o
disease
prosth/e
an addition
rhabd/o
rod
rotat/o
to turn
sarc/o
flesh
stern/o
sternum
scler/o
hardening
synov/o
synovial membrane
ten/o
tendon
therm/o
hot, heat
ton/o
tone, tension
tors/o
twisted
tort/i
twisted
troph/o
a turning
volunt/o
will
3 primary functions of muscle
cause movement, maintain posture, produce heat
bands of connective tissue that attach muscles to bones
tendons
rotates and laterally flexes neck
sternocleidomastoid
raises and rotates arm
deltoid
flexes, adducts and rotates arm
pectoralis major
extends and rotates thigh
gluteus maximus
a wide, sheetlike tendon
aponeurosis
muscle that counteracts the action of another muscle
antagonist
muscle that is primary in a given movement (the movement is produced by its contraction)
prime mover or agonist
muscle that acts with another muscle to produce and assist movement
synergist
skeletal muscle is also known as
voluntary
smooth muscle is also known as
involuntary, visceral or unstriated
the muscular tissue of the heart
myocardium
process of muscles maintaining posture
tonicity
skeletal muscles produce body movement through:
contractility, extensibility, excitability and elasticity
produce relatively slow contraction with greater degree of extensibility in the internal organs
smooth muscles
muscle that contracts the myocardium
cardiac muscle
-or
one who, a doer
-taxia
order
-ist
agent
-trophy
nourishment, development
-ceps
head
brady-
slow
-kinesia
motion
clon
turmoil
pertaining to alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles
clonic
con-
with, together
-ure
process
-spasm
tension, spasm
dia-
through
-phragm
a fence, partition
dis-
apart
-in
chemical
in-
into, in, not
sert
to gain
levat
lifter
kneading that applies pressure and friction to external body tissues
massage
-asthenia
weakness
gravis
grave
-blast
immature cell, germ cell
-oma
tumor
-kinesis
motion
-malacia
softening
-paresis
weakness
-rrhaphy
suture
-tome
instrument to cut
-tomy
incision
-plegia
stroke, paralysis
HOB or examining table is raised about 18” or 46cm patient sitting up with knees also elevated
Fowler’s position
on back w/ lower extremities flexed, feet in stirrups. used in vaginal exam/operations, Pap smear and Dx & Tx of bladder & urethra diseases
lithotomy position
lying face downward; used in exam of the back, injections and massage
prone position
lying flat on back w/ face upward and arms at sides, used in exam of the head, neck, chest, abdomen and extremities and assessing vital signs
supine position
-sis
condition, state of
quadri-
four
relaxat
to loosen
-ion
process
rheumat
discharge
-ism
condition
lemma
a rind
spastic
convulsive
-ity
condition
syn-
with, together
erget
work
-desis
binding
-dynia
pain
-collis
neck
-ase
enzyme
test performed on serum to determine levels of calcium
calcium blood test
is essential for muscle contraction, nerve transmission and blood clotting
calcium (Ca)
test to measure electrical activity across muscle membranes by means of electrodes (can indicate MG, ALS, MD peripheral neuropathy, and anterior poliomyelitis)
electromyography (EMG)
AE
above elbow
AK
above knee
BE
below elbow
BK
below knee
abbreviation of Calcium
Ca
EMG
electromyography
FMS
fibromyalgia syndrome
FROM
full range of motion
IM
intramuscular
LOM
limitation / loss of motion
MD
muscular dystrophy
MG
myasthenia gravis
ROM
range of motion
SOB
shortness of breath
TBW
total body weight
TJ
triceps jerk
allows muscles to become shorter and thicker
contractility
allow living muscle cells to be stretched and extended, becoming longer and thinner
extensibility
muscles receive and respond to stimulation
excitability
once stretching force is removed and muscles return to their original shape
elasticity
muscles must be supplied with _________ and __________ in order to function properly
oxygen and proper nutrition
collis
neck
tract, tract/o
to draw
mast, mast/o
mastoid, process, breast-shaped, breast
spastic
convulsive
synov
synovial membrane
general term, condition characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and pain in joints
rheumatism
lack of muscular coordination; an inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements, symptomatic of some nerve disorders
ataxia (a- -taxia lack of order)
major muscle of breathing, separates chest cavity and abdominal cavity
diaphragm
condition characterized by cramps, convulsions, muscles twitching, and sharp flexion in wrist and ankle joints. generally caused by abnormality in calcium metabolism
tetany
muscle that is like a nerve, able to send a signal
neuromuscle
exclusive to cardiac muscle, spreads signal to other parts of the muscle which signals the heart to contract
intercalated disk
muscles produce heat by use of
arrector pili muscle
fluid inside of skeletal muscle
sarcoplasm
plasma membrane surrounding each striated muscle fiber
sarcolemma
attached to less mobile bone
origin
attached to more moveable bone
insertion
3 muscle GROUPS
agonist (prime mover), antagonist, synergist
3 muscle PARTS
origin, body, insertion
types of muscle tissue
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
each muscle has its own stored supply of ______ which it uses as fuel for energy
glycogen
synovial joint AKA
diarthrotic joint
