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Medical Terminology > Medical Terminology - Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology - Chapter 7 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

agon/o

A

agony, a contest

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2
Q

amputat/o

A

to cut through

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3
Q

brach/i

A

arm

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4
Q

cleid/o

A

clavicle

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5
Q

clon/o

A

turmoil

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6
Q

duct/o

A

to lead

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7
Q

dactyl/o

A

finger or toe

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8
Q

dermat/o

A

skin

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9
Q

fasci/o

A

a band

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10
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

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11
Q

is/o

A

equal

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12
Q

metr/o

A

to measure

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13
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

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14
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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15
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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16
Q

path/o

A

disease

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17
Q

prosth/e

A

an addition

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18
Q

rhabd/o

A

rod

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19
Q

rotat/o

A

to turn

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20
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

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21
Q

stern/o

A

sternum

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22
Q

scler/o

A

hardening

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23
Q

synov/o

A

synovial membrane

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24
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

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25
Q

therm/o

A

hot, heat

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26
Q

ton/o

A

tone, tension

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27
Q

tors/o

A

twisted

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28
Q

tort/i

A

twisted

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29
Q

troph/o

A

a turning

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30
Q

volunt/o

A

will

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31
Q

3 primary functions of muscle

A

cause movement, maintain posture, produce heat

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32
Q

bands of connective tissue that attach muscles to bones

A

tendons

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33
Q

rotates and laterally flexes neck

A

sternocleidomastoid

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34
Q

raises and rotates arm

A

deltoid

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35
Q

flexes, adducts and rotates arm

A

pectoralis major

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36
Q

extends and rotates thigh

A

gluteus maximus

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37
Q

a wide, sheetlike tendon

A

aponeurosis

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38
Q

muscle that counteracts the action of another muscle

A

antagonist

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39
Q

muscle that is primary in a given movement (the movement is produced by its contraction)

A

prime mover or agonist

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40
Q

muscle that acts with another muscle to produce and assist movement

A

synergist

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41
Q

skeletal muscle is also known as

A

voluntary

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42
Q

smooth muscle is also known as

A

involuntary, visceral or unstriated

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43
Q

the muscular tissue of the heart

A

myocardium

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44
Q

process of muscles maintaining posture

A

tonicity

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45
Q

skeletal muscles produce body movement through:

A

contractility, extensibility, excitability and elasticity

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46
Q

produce relatively slow contraction with greater degree of extensibility in the internal organs

A

smooth muscles

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47
Q

muscle that contracts the myocardium

A

cardiac muscle

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48
Q

-or

A

one who, a doer

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49
Q

-taxia

A

order

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50
Q

-ist

A

agent

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51
Q

-trophy

A

nourishment, development

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52
Q

-ceps

A

head

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53
Q

brady-

A

slow

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54
Q

-kinesia

A

motion

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55
Q

clon

A

turmoil

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56
Q

pertaining to alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles

A

clonic

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57
Q

con-

A

with, together

58
Q

-ure

A

process

59
Q

-spasm

A

tension, spasm

60
Q

dia-

A

through

61
Q

-phragm

A

a fence, partition

62
Q

dis-

A

apart

63
Q

-in

A

chemical

64
Q

in-

A

into, in, not

65
Q

sert

A

to gain

66
Q

levat

A

lifter

67
Q

kneading that applies pressure and friction to external body tissues

A

massage

68
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

69
Q

gravis

A

grave

70
Q

-blast

A

immature cell, germ cell

71
Q

-oma

A

tumor

72
Q

-kinesis

A

motion

73
Q

-malacia

A

softening

74
Q

-paresis

A

weakness

75
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

76
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

77
Q

-tomy

A

incision

78
Q

-plegia

A

stroke, paralysis

79
Q

HOB or examining table is raised about 18” or 46cm patient sitting up with knees also elevated

A

Fowler’s position

80
Q

on back w/ lower extremities flexed, feet in stirrups. used in vaginal exam/operations, Pap smear and Dx & Tx of bladder & urethra diseases

A

lithotomy position

81
Q

lying face downward; used in exam of the back, injections and massage

A

prone position

82
Q

lying flat on back w/ face upward and arms at sides, used in exam of the head, neck, chest, abdomen and extremities and assessing vital signs

A

supine position

83
Q

-sis

A

condition, state of

84
Q

quadri-

A

four

85
Q

relaxat

A

to loosen

86
Q

-ion

A

process

87
Q

rheumat

A

discharge

88
Q

-ism

A

condition

89
Q

lemma

A

a rind

90
Q

spastic

A

convulsive

91
Q

-ity

A

condition

92
Q

syn-

A

with, together

93
Q

erget

A

work

94
Q

-desis

A

binding

95
Q

-dynia

A

pain

96
Q

-collis

A

neck

97
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

98
Q

test performed on serum to determine levels of calcium

A

calcium blood test

99
Q

is essential for muscle contraction, nerve transmission and blood clotting

A

calcium (Ca)

100
Q

test to measure electrical activity across muscle membranes by means of electrodes (can indicate MG, ALS, MD peripheral neuropathy, and anterior poliomyelitis)

A

electromyography (EMG)

101
Q

AE

A

above elbow

102
Q

AK

A

above knee

103
Q

BE

A

below elbow

104
Q

BK

A

below knee

105
Q

abbreviation of Calcium

A

Ca

106
Q

EMG

A

electromyography

107
Q

FMS

A

fibromyalgia syndrome

108
Q

FROM

A

full range of motion

109
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

110
Q

LOM

A

limitation / loss of motion

111
Q

MD

A

muscular dystrophy

112
Q

MG

A

myasthenia gravis

113
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

114
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

115
Q

TBW

A

total body weight

116
Q

TJ

A

triceps jerk

117
Q

allows muscles to become shorter and thicker

A

contractility

118
Q

allow living muscle cells to be stretched and extended, becoming longer and thinner

A

extensibility

119
Q

muscles receive and respond to stimulation

A

excitability

120
Q

once stretching force is removed and muscles return to their original shape

A

elasticity

121
Q

muscles must be supplied with _________ and __________ in order to function properly

A

oxygen and proper nutrition

122
Q

collis

A

neck

123
Q

tract, tract/o

A

to draw

124
Q

mast, mast/o

A

mastoid, process, breast-shaped, breast

125
Q

spastic

A

convulsive

126
Q

synov

A

synovial membrane

127
Q

general term, condition characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and pain in joints

A

rheumatism

128
Q

lack of muscular coordination; an inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements, symptomatic of some nerve disorders

A

ataxia (a- -taxia lack of order)

129
Q

major muscle of breathing, separates chest cavity and abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm

130
Q

condition characterized by cramps, convulsions, muscles twitching, and sharp flexion in wrist and ankle joints. generally caused by abnormality in calcium metabolism

A

tetany

131
Q

muscle that is like a nerve, able to send a signal

A

neuromuscle

132
Q

exclusive to cardiac muscle, spreads signal to other parts of the muscle which signals the heart to contract

A

intercalated disk

133
Q

muscles produce heat by use of

A

arrector pili muscle

134
Q

fluid inside of skeletal muscle

A

sarcoplasm

135
Q

plasma membrane surrounding each striated muscle fiber

A

sarcolemma

136
Q

attached to less mobile bone

A

origin

137
Q

attached to more moveable bone

A

insertion

138
Q

3 muscle GROUPS

A

agonist (prime mover), antagonist, synergist

139
Q

3 muscle PARTS

A

origin, body, insertion

140
Q

types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

141
Q

each muscle has its own stored supply of ______ which it uses as fuel for energy

A

glycogen

142
Q

synovial joint AKA

A

diarthrotic joint

Medical Terminology (24 decks)

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