Medical Terminology - Chapter 6 Flashcards
acetabul/o
acetabulum (socket on outer surface of hip bone)
acr/o
extremity
ankyl/o
stiffening, crooked
arthr/o
joint
articl/o
joint
burs/o
a pouch
calcan/e
heel bone
carcin/o
cancer
carp/o
wrist
cartilagin/o
cartilage
chondr/o
cartilage
clavicul/o
clavicle, collarbone
coccyg/e
coccyx, tailbone
coccyg/o
coccyx, tailbone
coll/a
glue
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
dactyl/o
finger or toe
femor/o
femur
fibul/o
fibula
fixat/o
fastened
humer/o
humerus
ili/o
ilium
isch/i
ischium, hip
kyph/o
a hump
lamin/o
lamina (thin plate)
lord/o
bending, curve, swayback
lumb/o
loin, lower back,
mandibul/o
lower jawbone
maxill/o
jawbone (upper)
menisc/i
crescent
myel/o
bone marrow
oste/o
bone
patell/o
kneecap
ped/o
foot
phalang/e
phalanges (finger/toe bones)
rach/i
spine
rad/i
radius
radi/o
x-ray
rheumat/o
discharge
sacr/o
sacrum
sarc/o
flesh
scapul/o
shoulder blade
scoli/o
curvature
spin/o
spine
spondyl/o
vertebra
stern/o
sternum, breastbone
tendon/o
tendon
tibi/o
tibia
tract/o
to draw
uln/o
ulna, elbow
vertebr/o
vertebra
xiph/o
sword
number of bones in human body
206
two main groups of bones
axial & appendicular
how many bones does axial group contain
80
how many bones does appendicular group contain
126
skull, spine, ribs & sternum are contained in the ________
axial group
shoulder girdle, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs and feet are contained in the _________
appendicular group
Metacarpals are the ____ bones
palm
attach muscles to bones
tendons
forms the major portion of the embryonic skeleton and part of the skeleton in adults
cartilage
fibrous connective tissue that connect bones, cartilages and other structures (binds bone to bone)
ligaments
serves as a place for the attachment of fascia
ligaments
abbreviation of ligaments
lig
bone forming cells
osteoblasts
bone forming process (as listed in textbook)
endochondral ossification
6 types of bone classifications
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid, sutural
ribs, scapula, parts of pelvic girdle, skull bones are classified as
flat bones
tibia, femur, humerus, radius are classified as
long bones
carpals and tarsals are classified as
short bones
vertebrae, ossicles of the ear are classified as
irregular bones
patella is classified as a ______ bone
sesamoid
the bones between the flat bones of the skull are classified as
sutural or wormian bones
when in anatomical position, the radius is on the same side as the ______
thumb
cleid/o
clavicle
cartil means
gristle
bone formation
osteogenesis
process of bone formation
ossification
bending a body part forward
plantar flexion
growth plate
metaphysis
metaphysis or growth plate lasts until age ____ in females and ____ in males
18 (females), 21 (males)
cancellous is also called
spongy bone
space containing ostecyte (mature bone cell) is called
lacuna
the ends of a developing bone
epiphysis
the shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
fibrous vascular membrane that forms the covering of bones
periosteum
dense, hard layer of bone tissue
compact bone
narrow space or cavity throughout the length of the diaphysis
medullary canal
tough, connective tissue lining the medullary canal
endosteum
reticular network that makes up most of the volume of bone
cancellous or spongy bone
once growth is completed and an individual reaches full maturity, the epiphyseal plate becomes the
epiphyseal line
Olecran/o
elbow
rounded projection that enters into the formation of a joint, articulation
condyle
opening in the bone for blood vessels, ligaments and nerves
foramen
air cavity within certain bones
sinus
either of the two bony projections below the neck of the femur
trochanter
an articulation, a place where two or more bones connect
joint (jt)
joint classification: does not permit movement. Bones are in close contact but there is no joint cavity
synarthrosis (fibrous)
joint classification: permits very slight movement
amphiarthrosis (cartilaginous)
joint classification: allows free movement in variety of directions
diarthrosis (synovial)
example of synarthrotic (fibrous) joint
cranial suture
example of amphiarthrotic (cartilaginous) joint
vertebra
examples of diarthrotic (synovial) joint
knee, hip, elbow, wrist, foot
bending a limb
flexion
straightening a flexed limb
extension
moving a body part away from the middle
abduction
moving a body part toward the middle
adduction
lying prone (face downward) also, turning palm downward
pronation
lying supine (face upward) also turning palm or foot upward
supination
the 4 spinal curves (in order from cranium down)
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
the pelvis forms a basin bound anteriorly and laterally by the ______ and posteriorly by the _______ & _______
hip bones, sacrum & coccyx
male pelvis is shaped like a
funnel
female pelvis is shaped like a
basin
gynec/o
female
Fx
fracture
Fx that does not involve a break in the skin
closed, simple
Fx that projects through the skin
open, compound
Fx, only one side of the shaft is broken and the other is bent
greenstick
break in the distal portion of the radius
Colles’
break that occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of the lower leg
Pott’s
ANA
antinuclear antibodies
BMD
bone mineral density (test)
Ca
calcium
DJD
degenerative joint disease
JRA
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
jt
joint
KJ
knee jerk
NSAIDs
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
OA
osteoarthritis
PWB
partial weight bearing
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
ROM
range of motion
TMJ
temporomandibular joint
Tx
traction
diagnostic examination of a joint (usually knee), injecting air & radiopaque contrast medium, x-ray taken to view injuries of meniscus, cartilage and ligaments
arthrography
examination usually done after arthrography and before joint surgery
arthroscopy
measurement of joint movements
goniometry
process of recording heat patterns of body’s surface (can be used to investigate pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis)
thermography
used to measure bone mass or bone mineral density
bone mineral density test (BMD)
machine used to measure density in finger, wrist, kneecap, shinbone and heel
peripheral machine
machine used to measure density in hip, spine and total body
central machines
test used for gout, arthritis, multiple myeloma, and rheumatism
uric acid blood test
abnormal condition of stiffening of a joint
ankylosis
joint pain
arthralgia
-centesis
surgical puncture
surgical procedure to remove joint fluid (as diagnostic tool or part of treatment regimen)
arthrocentesis
surgical instrument used to examine interior of a joint
arthroscope
inflammation of a bursa
bursitis
-omion
shoulder
-um
structure, tissue
-plasia
formation
-plasty
surgical repair
pertaining to heel bone
calcaneal
pertaining to wrist bones
carpal
there are ____ rows of _____ bones in the wrist
2 rows of 4 bones
-dynia
pain
-ive
nature of
-gram
mark, record
locat
to place
meta-
beyond
-us
pertaining to, structure
-blast
immature cell, germ cell
-malacia
softening
-penia
deficiency
por
a passage
phos
light
phor
carrying
spondyl
vertebra
lowest portion of the sternum (literally means resembling a sword)
xiphoid
process of drawing or pulling on bones or muscles to relieve displacement & facilitate healing
traction Tx
tract
to draw
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
pertaining to the shoulder blade
scapular
abnormal condition, can occur in children and is caused by lack of vitamin D
rickets
chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of joints, stiffness, pain, and swelling. Results in crippling deformities
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
pertaining to bones of fingers and toes
phalangeal
malignant tumor of the bone, cancer arising from connective tissue
osteosarcoma
abnormal condition characterized by decrease in density of bones
osteoporosis
softening of bones
osteomalacia
-malacia
softening
formation of bone
osteogenesis
inflammation of bone and joint, most common type of arthritis in US and people 55 and over (more often women)
osteoarthritis (OA)
pertaining to the elbow
olecranal
crescent shaped interarticular fibrocartilage structure found in certain joints, esp. lateral and medial menisci (semilunar cartilages) of the knee joint
meniscus
-us
pertaining to
abnormal anterior curvature of lumbar spine
lordosis (also referred to as swayback)
pertaining to the space between two ribs
intercostal
medical term for big or great toe
hallux
hereditary, metabolic disease, a form of acute arthritis, marked by joint inflammation
gout
gout is caused by
hyperuricemia
medical term for bowleg
genu varum
medical term for knock-knee
genu valgum
abnormal condition, caused by compression of the median nerve to carpal ligament
carpal tunnel syndrome
coccygeal
pertaining to the coccyx (tailbone)
os/oss
bone
anything that makes up bone tissue
osseous
intercellular substance of bone / space between bone tissue
matrix
cleid/o
clavicle
tissue membrane that contains bone marrow
endosteum
