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Medical Terminology > Medical Terminology - Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology - Chapter 6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acetabul/o

A

acetabulum (socket on outer surface of hip bone)

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2
Q

acr/o

A

extremity

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3
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiffening, crooked

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4
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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5
Q

articl/o

A

joint

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6
Q

burs/o

A

a pouch

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7
Q

calcan/e

A

heel bone

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8
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

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9
Q

carp/o

A

wrist

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10
Q

cartilagin/o

A

cartilage

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11
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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12
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle, collarbone

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13
Q

coccyg/e

A

coccyx, tailbone

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14
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx, tailbone

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15
Q

coll/a

A

glue

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16
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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17
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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18
Q

dactyl/o

A

finger or toe

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19
Q

femor/o

A

femur

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20
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula

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21
Q

fixat/o

A

fastened

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22
Q

humer/o

A

humerus

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23
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

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24
Q

isch/i

A

ischium, hip

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25
Q

kyph/o

A

a hump

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26
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina (thin plate)

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27
Q

lord/o

A

bending, curve, swayback

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28
Q

lumb/o

A

loin, lower back,

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29
Q

mandibul/o

A

lower jawbone

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30
Q

maxill/o

A

jawbone (upper)

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31
Q

menisc/i

A

crescent

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32
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

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33
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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34
Q

patell/o

A

kneecap

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35
Q

ped/o

A

foot

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36
Q

phalang/e

A

phalanges (finger/toe bones)

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37
Q

rach/i

A

spine

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38
Q

rad/i

A

radius

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39
Q

radi/o

A

x-ray

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40
Q

rheumat/o

A

discharge

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41
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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42
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

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43
Q

scapul/o

A

shoulder blade

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44
Q

scoli/o

A

curvature

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45
Q

spin/o

A

spine

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46
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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47
Q

stern/o

A

sternum, breastbone

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48
Q

tendon/o

A

tendon

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49
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia

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50
Q

tract/o

A

to draw

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51
Q

uln/o

A

ulna, elbow

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52
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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53
Q

xiph/o

A

sword

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54
Q

number of bones in human body

A

206

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55
Q

two main groups of bones

A

axial & appendicular

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56
Q

how many bones does axial group contain

A

80

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57
Q

how many bones does appendicular group contain

A

126

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58
Q

skull, spine, ribs & sternum are contained in the ________

A

axial group

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59
Q

shoulder girdle, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs and feet are contained in the _________

A

appendicular group

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60
Q

Metacarpals are the ____ bones

A

palm

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61
Q

attach muscles to bones

A

tendons

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62
Q

forms the major portion of the embryonic skeleton and part of the skeleton in adults

A

cartilage

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63
Q

fibrous connective tissue that connect bones, cartilages and other structures (binds bone to bone)

A

ligaments

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64
Q

serves as a place for the attachment of fascia

A

ligaments

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65
Q

abbreviation of ligaments

A

lig

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66
Q

bone forming cells

A

osteoblasts

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67
Q

bone forming process (as listed in textbook)

A

endochondral ossification

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68
Q

6 types of bone classifications

A

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid, sutural

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69
Q

ribs, scapula, parts of pelvic girdle, skull bones are classified as

A

flat bones

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70
Q

tibia, femur, humerus, radius are classified as

A

long bones

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71
Q

carpals and tarsals are classified as

A

short bones

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72
Q

vertebrae, ossicles of the ear are classified as

A

irregular bones

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73
Q

patella is classified as a ______ bone

A

sesamoid

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74
Q

the bones between the flat bones of the skull are classified as

A

sutural or wormian bones

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75
Q

when in anatomical position, the radius is on the same side as the ______

A

thumb

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76
Q

cleid/o

A

clavicle

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77
Q

cartil means

A

gristle

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78
Q

bone formation

A

osteogenesis

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79
Q

process of bone formation

A

ossification

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80
Q

bending a body part forward

A

plantar flexion

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81
Q

growth plate

A

metaphysis

82
Q

metaphysis or growth plate lasts until age ____ in females and ____ in males

A

18 (females), 21 (males)

83
Q

cancellous is also called

A

spongy bone

84
Q

space containing ostecyte (mature bone cell) is called

A

lacuna

85
Q

the ends of a developing bone

A

epiphysis

86
Q

the shaft of a long bone

A

diaphysis

87
Q

fibrous vascular membrane that forms the covering of bones

A

periosteum

88
Q

dense, hard layer of bone tissue

A

compact bone

89
Q

narrow space or cavity throughout the length of the diaphysis

A

medullary canal

90
Q

tough, connective tissue lining the medullary canal

A

endosteum

91
Q

reticular network that makes up most of the volume of bone

A

cancellous or spongy bone

92
Q

once growth is completed and an individual reaches full maturity, the epiphyseal plate becomes the

A

epiphyseal line

93
Q

Olecran/o

A

elbow

94
Q

rounded projection that enters into the formation of a joint, articulation

A

condyle

95
Q

opening in the bone for blood vessels, ligaments and nerves

A

foramen

96
Q

air cavity within certain bones

A

sinus

97
Q

either of the two bony projections below the neck of the femur

A

trochanter

98
Q

an articulation, a place where two or more bones connect

A

joint (jt)

99
Q

joint classification: does not permit movement. Bones are in close contact but there is no joint cavity

A

synarthrosis (fibrous)

100
Q

joint classification: permits very slight movement

A

amphiarthrosis (cartilaginous)

101
Q

joint classification: allows free movement in variety of directions

A

diarthrosis (synovial)

102
Q

example of synarthrotic (fibrous) joint

A

cranial suture

103
Q

example of amphiarthrotic (cartilaginous) joint

A

vertebra

104
Q

examples of diarthrotic (synovial) joint

A

knee, hip, elbow, wrist, foot

105
Q

bending a limb

A

flexion

106
Q

straightening a flexed limb

A

extension

107
Q

moving a body part away from the middle

A

abduction

108
Q

moving a body part toward the middle

A

adduction

109
Q

lying prone (face downward) also, turning palm downward

A

pronation

110
Q

lying supine (face upward) also turning palm or foot upward

A

supination

111
Q

the 4 spinal curves (in order from cranium down)

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

112
Q

the pelvis forms a basin bound anteriorly and laterally by the ______ and posteriorly by the _______ & _______

A

hip bones, sacrum & coccyx

113
Q

male pelvis is shaped like a

A

funnel

114
Q

female pelvis is shaped like a

A

basin

115
Q

gynec/o

A

female

116
Q

Fx

A

fracture

117
Q

Fx that does not involve a break in the skin

A

closed, simple

118
Q

Fx that projects through the skin

A

open, compound

119
Q

Fx, only one side of the shaft is broken and the other is bent

A

greenstick

120
Q

break in the distal portion of the radius

A

Colles’

121
Q

break that occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of the lower leg

A

Pott’s

122
Q

ANA

A

antinuclear antibodies

123
Q

BMD

A

bone mineral density (test)

124
Q

Ca

A

calcium

125
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disease

126
Q

JRA

A

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

127
Q

jt

A

joint

128
Q

KJ

A

knee jerk

129
Q

NSAIDs

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

130
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

131
Q

PWB

A

partial weight bearing

132
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

133
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

134
Q

TMJ

A

temporomandibular joint

135
Q

Tx

A

traction

136
Q

diagnostic examination of a joint (usually knee), injecting air & radiopaque contrast medium, x-ray taken to view injuries of meniscus, cartilage and ligaments

A

arthrography

137
Q

examination usually done after arthrography and before joint surgery

A

arthroscopy

138
Q

measurement of joint movements

A

goniometry

139
Q

process of recording heat patterns of body’s surface (can be used to investigate pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis)

A

thermography

140
Q

used to measure bone mass or bone mineral density

A

bone mineral density test (BMD)

141
Q

machine used to measure density in finger, wrist, kneecap, shinbone and heel

A

peripheral machine

142
Q

machine used to measure density in hip, spine and total body

A

central machines

143
Q

test used for gout, arthritis, multiple myeloma, and rheumatism

A

uric acid blood test

144
Q

abnormal condition of stiffening of a joint

A

ankylosis

145
Q

joint pain

A

arthralgia

146
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture

147
Q

surgical procedure to remove joint fluid (as diagnostic tool or part of treatment regimen)

A

arthrocentesis

148
Q

surgical instrument used to examine interior of a joint

A

arthroscope

149
Q

inflammation of a bursa

A

bursitis

150
Q

-omion

A

shoulder

151
Q

-um

A

structure, tissue

152
Q

-plasia

A

formation

153
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

154
Q

pertaining to heel bone

A

calcaneal

155
Q

pertaining to wrist bones

A

carpal

156
Q

there are ____ rows of _____ bones in the wrist

A

2 rows of 4 bones

157
Q

-dynia

A

pain

158
Q

-ive

A

nature of

159
Q

-gram

A

mark, record

160
Q

locat

A

to place

161
Q

meta-

A

beyond

162
Q

-us

A

pertaining to, structure

163
Q

-blast

A

immature cell, germ cell

164
Q

-malacia

A

softening

165
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

166
Q

por

A

a passage

167
Q

phos

A

light

168
Q

phor

A

carrying

169
Q

spondyl

A

vertebra

170
Q

lowest portion of the sternum (literally means resembling a sword)

A

xiphoid

171
Q

process of drawing or pulling on bones or muscles to relieve displacement & facilitate healing

A

traction Tx

172
Q

tract

A

to draw

173
Q

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

A

scoliosis

174
Q

pertaining to the shoulder blade

A

scapular

175
Q

abnormal condition, can occur in children and is caused by lack of vitamin D

A

rickets

176
Q

chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of joints, stiffness, pain, and swelling. Results in crippling deformities

A

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

177
Q

pertaining to bones of fingers and toes

A

phalangeal

178
Q

malignant tumor of the bone, cancer arising from connective tissue

A

osteosarcoma

179
Q

abnormal condition characterized by decrease in density of bones

A

osteoporosis

180
Q

softening of bones

A

osteomalacia

181
Q

-malacia

A

softening

182
Q

formation of bone

A

osteogenesis

183
Q

inflammation of bone and joint, most common type of arthritis in US and people 55 and over (more often women)

A

osteoarthritis (OA)

184
Q

pertaining to the elbow

A

olecranal

185
Q

crescent shaped interarticular fibrocartilage structure found in certain joints, esp. lateral and medial menisci (semilunar cartilages) of the knee joint

A

meniscus

186
Q

-us

A

pertaining to

187
Q

abnormal anterior curvature of lumbar spine

A

lordosis (also referred to as swayback)

188
Q

pertaining to the space between two ribs

A

intercostal

189
Q

medical term for big or great toe

A

hallux

190
Q

hereditary, metabolic disease, a form of acute arthritis, marked by joint inflammation

A

gout

191
Q

gout is caused by

A

hyperuricemia

192
Q

medical term for bowleg

A

genu varum

193
Q

medical term for knock-knee

A

genu valgum

194
Q

abnormal condition, caused by compression of the median nerve to carpal ligament

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

195
Q

coccygeal

A

pertaining to the coccyx (tailbone)

196
Q

os/oss

A

bone

197
Q

anything that makes up bone tissue

A

osseous

198
Q

intercellular substance of bone / space between bone tissue

A

matrix

199
Q

cleid/o

A

clavicle

200
Q

tissue membrane that contains bone marrow

A

endosteum

Medical Terminology (24 decks)

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