Medical Terminology - Chapter 19 Flashcards
angi/o
vessel
aden/o
gland
cancer/o
crab, cancer
capsul/o
a little box
carcin/o
cancer
chondr/o
cartilage
chori/o
chorion
cyt/o
cell
dendr/o
tree
duct/o
to lead
fibr/o
fiber
filtrat/o
to strain through
gli/o
glue
hem/o
blood
immun/o
safe, immunity
lei/o
smooth
leuk/o
white
lip/o
fat
lymph/o
lymph
malign/o
bad kind
medull/o
marrow
melan/o
black
mening/i
meninges, membrane
mucos/o
mucus
mutat/o
to change
my/o
muscle
myc/o
fungus
myel/o
bone marrow
nephr/o
kidney
neur/o
nerve
onc/o
tumor
oste/o
bone
palliat/o
cloaked
remiss/o
remit
reticul/o
net
retin/o
retina
rhabd/o
rod
sarc/o
flesh
semin/i
seed
stom/o
mouth
suppress/o
suppress
terat/o
monster
thym/o
thymus
tox/o
poison
vir/o
virus
xer/o
dry
CA
cancer
refers to any malignant tumor
cancer
ana-
up, apart, backward
-plasia
formation
astro-
start shaped
brachy-
short
-oid
resemble
in-
in
situ
place
en-
in
-ate(d)
use, action
-blast
immature cell
hyper-
excessive
-ive
nature of
-emia
blood condition
-plakia
plate
lobul
small lobe
-ar
pertaining to
situ
place
meta-
beyond
-stasis
control
neo-
new
oligo-
little, scanty
-ous
pertaining to
trism
grating
cancer/malignant tumor occurring in epithelial tissue
carcinoma
make up the great majority of all cancers
carcinomas
the anatomical site indicates:
where the cancer originated in the body
cancers that originate in connective or supportive tissue of the body such as muscles, tendons, fats, joints and bone
sarcomas
cancers of the blood-forming tissues
Leukemias
cancerous tumors of the lymph nodes
lymphomas
cancerous tumors arising in the hemopoietic portion of the bone marrow
myelomas
process of of immature cells undergoing normal changes as they mature and assume their specialized functions
differentiation
dr will not remove cancer (will use radiation) if cancer is close to a ______ _______ or ______ ______
lymph node or blood cell
fully matured cell is now being transformed into embryonic cell / going towards embryonic division (reverse of normal)
dedifferentiation
characteristic of most cancerous cells in which there is a loss of differentiation and an irreversible alteration in adult cells toward more embryonic cell types
anaplasia
process whereby cancer cells are spread from a primary site to distant secondary sites elsewhere in the body
metastasis
failure of immature cells to develop specialized functions
dedifferentiation
malignant tumor arising in a glandular organ
adenocarcinoma (Adeno-CA)
characteristic of most cancerous cells in which there is a loss of differentiation and an irreversible alteration in adult cells toward more embryonic cell types
anaplasia
tumor composed of star-shaped neuroglial cells
astrocytoma
megavoltage machine used in administering external radiation therapy
betatron/cyclotron/linear accelerator
radiation therapy in which radioactive substance is inserted into body cavity or organ. The source of radiation is located a short distance from the body area being treated
brachytherapy
malignant tumor, most commonly in Africa, that affects children; the characteristic symptom is a massive, swollen jaw
Burkitt’s lymphoma
agent or substance that incites or produces cancer
carcinogen
tumor derived from the argentaffin cells in the intestinal tract, bile duct, pancreas, bronchus or ovary
carcinoid
cancerous tumor derived from cartilage cells
chondrosarcoma
process by which normal cells lose their specialization (differentiation) and become malignant
dedifferentiation
process by which normal cells have a distinct appearance and specialized function
differentiation
primary bone cancer occurring in pelvic area or in one of the long bones; occurs mostly in children and adolescents
Ewing’s sarcoma
process of increasing the severity of symptoms; a time when symptoms of a disease are most prevalent
exacerbation
cancerous tumor arising in collagen-producing fibroblasts
fibrosarcoma
process of growing rapidly like a fungus
fungating
cancerous tumor of the brain
glioma
form of lymphoma that occurs in children and young adults
Hodgkin’s disease (the other form of lymphoma is non-Hodgkin’s)
HD
Hodgkin’s disease
excessive formation and growth of normal cells
hyperplasia
process of preventing formation of the immune response
immunosuppression
enclosed within a site, refers to tumor cells that remain at a site and have not invaded adjacent tissue (localized)
in situ
malignant neoplasm that causes violaceous (purpolish discoloration), vascular legions and general lymphadenopathy; often seen in pts who have AIDS
Kaposi’s sarcoma
KS
Kaposi’s sarcoma
cancerous tumor of smooth muscle tissue
leiomyosarcoma
cancer of the blood characterized by overproduction of leukocytes; cancer of the blood forming tissues
leukemia
white, thickened patches formed on the mucous membranes of the inner cheeks, gums or tongue that tends to become cancerous
leukoplakia
cancerous tumor of fat cells
liposarcoma
pertaining to a bad wandering; refers to the spreading process of cancer from one area of the body to another
malignant
literally means a cancerous black mole or tumor
melanoma
spreading process of cancer from a primary site to a secondary.
metastasis
the spreading process of a malignant tumor into the adjacent normal tissue
invasive growth
agent that causes a change in the DNA (genetic structure) of an organism
mutagen
process by which the DNA (genetic structure) is changed
mutation
new tissue formed, such as an abnormal growth or tumor
neoplasm
cancerous tumor of the kidney; most often found in children 2-3 yrs of age
nephroblastoma (also called Wilm’s tumor)
cancerous tumor composed chiefly of neuroglial cells and located in the cerebrum
oligodendroglioma
cancer-causing genes; genes in a virus that can induce tumor formation
oncogenes
pertaining to a form of treatment to relieve or alleviate symptoms without curing
palliative
process of lessening the severity of symptoms; time when symptoms of a disease are controlled
remission
cancerous tumor of the retina. Although relatively rare, it accounts for 5% of childhood blindness
retinoblastoma
cancerous tumor originating from the same embryonic cells that develop into striated muscles. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children
rhabdomyosarcoma
cancerous tumor arising in connective tissue
sarcoma
cancerous tumor of the testis
seminoma
radiation therapy in which the radioactive substance is at a distance from the body area being treated
teletherapy
cancerous tumor of the ovary or testis; can contain embryonic tissues of hair, teeth, bone or muscle
teratoma
pertaining to the inability to open the mouth fully; occurs in patients with oral cancer who undergo a combination of surgery and radiation therapy
trismus
cancerous tumor of the kidney occurring mainly in children
Wilm’s tumor
condition of dryness of the mouth; oral change caused by radiation therapy or chemotherapy
xerostomia
Adeno-CA
adenocarcinoma
AFP
alpha-fetoprotein
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ALL
acute lymphocytic leukemia
BRCA
breast cancer gene
BSE
breast self-examination
CA
cancer
CA-125
cancer antigen 125
chemo
chemotherapy
CLL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CT
computed tomography
FNA
fine needle aspiration
HD
Hodgkin’s disease
KS
Kaposi’s sarcoma
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
TNM
tumor, node, metastasis
TSE
testicular self-examination
the spreading process of a malignant tumor into adjacent normal tissue
invasive growth
Three ways that malignant cells spread to body parts
active migration, direct extension, metastasis
system the evaluates the spread of the tumor, uses T (tumor) N (node) and M (metastasis) to indicate spread and numbers to indicate degree
staging system
system that classifies malignant tumors
grading
process of examining lower 10 inches of large intestines
sigmoidoscopy
process of examining the cervix and vagina
colposcopy
process of examining the anus and rectum
proctoscopy
process of examining the abdomen
laparoscopy
HCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
five methods used in treatment of cancer
surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy
surgical removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination
biopsy
treatment of choice when tumor is small and localized and surrounding tissue is accessible for removal
surgery
treatment of choice for when cancer is disseminated (widespread) and cannot be surgically removed
chemotherapy
treatment of disease by the use of ionizing radiation (4 terms)
radiotherapy, X-ray therapy, cobalt treatment, radiation therapy
treatment of disease by stimulation of the body’s immune system
immunotherapy
type of laser therapy, involves the use of a special chemical that is injected into the bloodstream and absorbed by cells all over the body
photodynamic therapy
