Medical Terminology - Chapter 8 Flashcards
absorpt/o
to suck in
aden/o
gland
aliment/o
nourishment
amyl/o
starch
anabol/o
building up
append/o
appendix
appendic/o
appendix
bil/i
gall, bile
bucc/o
cheek
catabol/o
a casting down
celi/o
abdomen, belly
cheil/o
lip
chol/e
gall, bile
choledoch/o
common bile duct
cirrh/o
orange-yellow
col/o
colon
colon/o
colon
cyst/o
bladder
dent/o
tooth
diverticul/o
diverticula
duoden/o
duodenum
enter/o
intestine (usually small intestine)
esophage/o
esophagus
fibr/o
fibrous tissue
gastr/o
stomach
gingiv/o
gums
gloss/o
tongue
glyc/o
sweet, sugar
halit/o
breath
hemat/o
blood
hemorrh/o
vein liable to bleed
hepat/o
liver
herni/o
hernia
ile/o
ileum
labi/o
lip
lapar/o
abdomen
lingu/o
tongue
lip/o
fat
odont/o
tooth
pancreat/o
pancreas
pept/o
to digest
pharyng/e
pharynx
pil/o
hair
prand/i
meal
proct/o
anus and rectum
pylor/o
pylorus, gatekeeper
rect/o
rectum
sial/o
saliva, salivary
sigmoid/o
sigmoid
splen/o
spleen
stomat/o
mouth
verm/i
worm
4 main functions of digestive system
ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
soft mass of chewed food
bolus
digestion and absorption chiefly take place in the
small intestine
reduces food to digestible state, converts food into semi-liquid state
stomach
semiliquid state of food
chyme
digestive organ that manufactures bile
liver
digestive organ that stores and concentrates bile
gallbladder
produces hormones insulin and glucagon
pancreas
digestive tract is also called
alimentary canal, gastrointestinal tract (GI)
gingivae
gums
small intestine is made up of: (know in order)
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
large intestine is made up of: (in sequential order)
cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
colon is made up of: (know in order)
ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
nutrition received through the intestine by tube/IV when nutrition can’t be taken in by mouth
parenteral nutrition
structures in mouth that help with mastication
teeth
rhythmic contraction, begins in esophagus & moves to end of GI tract
peristalsis
wavelike muscular contractions
peristalsis
the 2 organs involved in mechanical digestion of food
mouth & stomach
chyme is formed after addition of
acids
produces hormones and enzymes so that food entering intestines is alkaline
pancreas
maximum digestion happens in
duodenum
salivary gland located in front of the ear
parotid gland
salivary gland located in floor of the mouth
submandibular gland
salivary gland under tongue
sublingual gland
process of taking in food
ingestion
process of breaking down food
digestion
process of taking in broken down molecules
absorption
ridding of waste from the body
elimination
sphincter at top of stomach
lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
esophageal sphincter is sometimes referred to as
cardiac sphincter
jejun/o
jejunum
cec/o
cecum
an/o
anus
proct/o
anus and rectum
viewing rectum and anus
proctoscopy
viewing entire colon
colonoscopy
steat/o
fat
a gatekeeper
pylorus
sphincter at bottom of stomach
pyloric sphincter
prevents acidic chyme from entering small intestine
pyloric sphincter
2 ways that acids can get to nerves of the tooth, causing dentalgia
corrosion on side of tooth or cavities
belching
eructation
regulates food from small intestine to large intestine, is between ileum and cecum
ileocecal valve
evacuation of the bowel
defecation
process whereby end products/solid waste are excreted from body
elimination
building up of chemicals to be stored in the body
anabolism
breaking down of stored chemicals in the body
catabolism
milk teeth or baby teeth
deciduous teeth
number of permanent teeth in adults
32
3 main parts of a tooth
crown, root, neck
constricted portion between crown and root of tooth
neck
part of tooth embedded in alveolus
root
part of tooth that projects above gums
crown
portion of pharynx above mouth
nasopharynx
portion of pharynx located at mouth
oropharynx
portion of pharynx below mouth
laryngopharynx
flap of tissue that blocks opening of the larynx
epiglottis
function of epiglottis
prevents food from entering trachea
upper region of the stomach is called
fundus
lower region of stomach is called
antrum
___________ and ___________ help convert food to smi-liquid state
hydrochloric acid, gastric juices
small intestine is _______ long and _____ in diameter
21 feet, 1 inch
fat digesting enzyme
lipase
starch digesting enzyme
amylase
a pouchlike structure forming the beginning of large intestine
cecum
the 4 accessory digestive organs
salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
which organ manufactures bile
liver
produces fibrinogen & prothrombin, heparin, blood proteins
liver
-ase
enzyme
-orexia
appetite
lack of appetite, decreased desire for food
anorexia
building up of body substance in constructive phase of metabolism
anabolism
surgical excision of the appendix
appendectomy
-ectomy
surgical excision
test performed by administering barium in to the rectum to determine condition of colon. X-rays are taken. For: colon cancer, polyps, fistulas, diverticulitis etc
barium enema (BE)
X-ray exam of common bile duct, cystic duct, hepatic ducts. Radiopaque dye is injected, films are taken. Indicates obstruction, stones, tumors
cholangiography
breakdown cholangiography into word parts
chol=bile angi/o=vessel graphy=recording
which organ manufactures bile
liver
produces fibrinogen & prothrombin, heparin, blood proteins
liver
-ase
enzyme
-orexia
appetite
lack of appetite, decreased desire for food
anorexia
building up of body substance in constructive phase of metabolism
anabolism
surgical excision of the appendix
appendectomy
-ectomy
surgical excision
test performed by administering barium in to the rectum to determine condition of colon. X-rays are taken. For: colon cancer, polyps, fistulas, diverticulitis etc
barium enema (BE)
X-ray exam of common bile duct, cystic duct, hepatic ducts. Radiopaque dye is injected, films are taken. Indicates obstruction, stones, tumors
cholangiography
breakdown cholangiography into word parts
chol=gall angi/o=vessel graphy=recording
X-ray of gallbladder, radiopaque dye is injected, films are taken. Indicates cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, tumors
cholecystography (gall/bladder/recording)
direct visual exam of the colon. used to diagnose growths, remove polyps for analysis, rule out colon cancer
colonoscopy
examination of esophagus, stomach and small intestine
esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy
fluoroscopic exam of esophagus, stomach and small intestine in which barium is given orally. for hiatal hernias, divertculi, gastric polyps, pyloric stenosis etc
gastrointestinal (GI) series
sten/o
narrowing
test performed on feces to determine GI bleeding that is not visible. Can indicate stomach cancer, peptic ulcer, etc
occult blood
test performed on stool to identify presence of organisms
ova and parasites (O&P)
ac
before meals
Ba
barium
BE
barium enema
BM
bowel movement
BRP
bathroom privileges
BS
bowel sounds
GB
gallbladder
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
GI
gastrointestinal
GTT
glucose tolerance test
HCl
hydrochloric acid
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
LES
lower esophageal sphincter
NG
nasogastric
NPO. npo
nothing by mouth
O&P
ova and parasites
pc
after meals
PP
postprandial / after meals
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
TPN
total parenteral nutrition
UGI
upper gastrointestinal
above the stomach
epigastric
inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis
orange-coloured bile pigment produced by separation of hemoglobin, seen in jaundice
bilirubin
bowel
intestine
in metabolism, breaking of complex substances into more basic elements, literally: a casting down
catabolism
pertaining to the abdomen
celiac
abnormal condition of the lip, riboflavin and B-complex deficiency
cheilosis
-osis
condition
surgical excision of the gallbladder
cholecystectomy
chol/e + cyst/o =
gallbladder
doch/o
duct
chronic degenerative liver disease characterized by changes in the lobes. infiltrated with fat
cirrhosis
surgical excision of part of the colon
colectomy
instrument used to view interior of colon
colonoscope
visual exam of the colon
colonoscopy
new opening (suffix)
-stomy
creation of a new opening into the colon
colostomy
infrequent passage of unduly hard and dry feces
constipation
constipat
to press together
-ion
process
defecat
to remove dregs
act or process of swallowing
deglutition
inflammation of the diverticula (pouches in the walls of an organ) in colon
diverticulitis
-pepsia
to digest
dys-
difficult
difficulty in digestion, indigestion
dyspepsia
-phagia
to eat, to swallow
difficulty in swallowing
dysphagia
vomiting
emesis
eme
to vomit
pertaining to small intestine
enteric (enter/o = small intestine)
protein capable of causing rapid chemical changes in other substances without being changed itself
enzyme
eructat
breaking out
belching
eructation
expelling of gas from the anus
flatus
study of the stomach and intestines, study of entire GI tract
gastroenterology
condition that occurs when lower esophageal sphincter is weak or relaxes inappropriately allowing stomach’s contents to back up
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
to feed semiliquid food via a tube (stomach or nasogastric)
gavage
bad breath
halitosis
vomiting of blood
hematemesis
passage of stools that contain red blood
hematochezia
inflammation of liver
hepatitis
tumor of liver
hepatoma
occurs when upper part of stomach moves into chest through small opening in diaphragm
hiatal hernia
intravenous infusion of hypertonic solution to sustain life, patients whose GI tracts are not functioning properly
hyperalimentation
excessive vomiting
hyperemesis
surgical creation of new opening through abdominal wall into ileum
ileostomy
disorder that interferes with normal functions of large intestine
irritable bowel syndrome
surgical incision into abdomen
laparotomy
to wash out a cavity, used to remove or dilute gastric contents in case of acute poisoning
lavage
inflammation of pancreas
pancreatitis
disease in which ulcer forms in mucosal wall of stomach, pylorus, duodenum or esophagus
peptic ulcer disease
-stalsis
contraction
peri-
around
post prandial
after meal
inflammation of salivary gland
sialadenitis
sial
saliva
enlargement of the spleen
splenomegaly
-megaly
enlargement, large
disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in lining of large intestine
ulcerative colitis
volvul
to roll
twisting of the bowel on itself that causes an obstruction
volvulus
-us
pertaining to
secretes pancriatic juice into small intestine, contains cells that produce digestive enzymes
pancreas
