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Medical Terminology > Medical Terminology - Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology - Chapter 8 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

absorpt/o

A

to suck in

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2
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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3
Q

aliment/o

A

nourishment

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4
Q

amyl/o

A

starch

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5
Q

anabol/o

A

building up

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6
Q

append/o

A

appendix

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7
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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8
Q

bil/i

A

gall, bile

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9
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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10
Q

catabol/o

A

a casting down

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11
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen, belly

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12
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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13
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

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14
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

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15
Q

cirrh/o

A

orange-yellow

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16
Q

col/o

A

colon

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17
Q

colon/o

A

colon

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18
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

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19
Q

dent/o

A

tooth

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20
Q

diverticul/o

A

diverticula

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21
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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22
Q

enter/o

A

intestine (usually small intestine)

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23
Q

esophage/o

A

esophagus

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24
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous tissue

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25
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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26
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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27
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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28
Q

glyc/o

A

sweet, sugar

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29
Q

halit/o

A

breath

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30
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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31
Q

hemorrh/o

A

vein liable to bleed

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32
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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33
Q

herni/o

A

hernia

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34
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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35
Q

labi/o

A

lip

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36
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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37
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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38
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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39
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

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40
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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41
Q

pept/o

A

to digest

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42
Q

pharyng/e

A

pharynx

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43
Q

pil/o

A

hair

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44
Q

prand/i

A

meal

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45
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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46
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus, gatekeeper

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47
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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48
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary

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49
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid

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50
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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51
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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52
Q

verm/i

A

worm

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53
Q

4 main functions of digestive system

A

ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

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54
Q

soft mass of chewed food

A

bolus

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55
Q

digestion and absorption chiefly take place in the

A

small intestine

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56
Q

reduces food to digestible state, converts food into semi-liquid state

A

stomach

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57
Q

semiliquid state of food

A

chyme

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58
Q

digestive organ that manufactures bile

A

liver

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59
Q

digestive organ that stores and concentrates bile

A

gallbladder

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60
Q

produces hormones insulin and glucagon

A

pancreas

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61
Q

digestive tract is also called

A

alimentary canal, gastrointestinal tract (GI)

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62
Q

gingivae

A

gums

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63
Q

small intestine is made up of: (know in order)

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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64
Q

large intestine is made up of: (in sequential order)

A

cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

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65
Q

colon is made up of: (know in order)

A

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

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66
Q

nutrition received through the intestine by tube/IV when nutrition can’t be taken in by mouth

A

parenteral nutrition

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67
Q

structures in mouth that help with mastication

A

teeth

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68
Q

rhythmic contraction, begins in esophagus & moves to end of GI tract

A

peristalsis

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69
Q

wavelike muscular contractions

A

peristalsis

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70
Q

the 2 organs involved in mechanical digestion of food

A

mouth & stomach

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71
Q

chyme is formed after addition of

A

acids

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72
Q

produces hormones and enzymes so that food entering intestines is alkaline

A

pancreas

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73
Q

maximum digestion happens in

A

duodenum

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74
Q

salivary gland located in front of the ear

A

parotid gland

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75
Q

salivary gland located in floor of the mouth

A

submandibular gland

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76
Q

salivary gland under tongue

A

sublingual gland

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77
Q

process of taking in food

A

ingestion

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78
Q

process of breaking down food

A

digestion

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79
Q

process of taking in broken down molecules

A

absorption

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80
Q

ridding of waste from the body

A

elimination

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81
Q

sphincter at top of stomach

A

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

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82
Q

esophageal sphincter is sometimes referred to as

A

cardiac sphincter

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83
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

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84
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

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85
Q

an/o

A

anus

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86
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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87
Q

viewing rectum and anus

A

proctoscopy

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88
Q

viewing entire colon

A

colonoscopy

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89
Q

steat/o

A

fat

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90
Q

a gatekeeper

A

pylorus

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91
Q

sphincter at bottom of stomach

A

pyloric sphincter

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92
Q

prevents acidic chyme from entering small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

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93
Q

2 ways that acids can get to nerves of the tooth, causing dentalgia

A

corrosion on side of tooth or cavities

94
Q

belching

A

eructation

95
Q

regulates food from small intestine to large intestine, is between ileum and cecum

A

ileocecal valve

96
Q

evacuation of the bowel

A

defecation

97
Q

process whereby end products/solid waste are excreted from body

A

elimination

98
Q

building up of chemicals to be stored in the body

A

anabolism

99
Q

breaking down of stored chemicals in the body

A

catabolism

100
Q

milk teeth or baby teeth

A

deciduous teeth

101
Q

number of permanent teeth in adults

A

32

102
Q

3 main parts of a tooth

A

crown, root, neck

103
Q

constricted portion between crown and root of tooth

A

neck

104
Q

part of tooth embedded in alveolus

A

root

105
Q

part of tooth that projects above gums

A

crown

106
Q

portion of pharynx above mouth

A

nasopharynx

107
Q

portion of pharynx located at mouth

A

oropharynx

108
Q

portion of pharynx below mouth

A

laryngopharynx

109
Q

flap of tissue that blocks opening of the larynx

A

epiglottis

110
Q

function of epiglottis

A

prevents food from entering trachea

111
Q

upper region of the stomach is called

A

fundus

112
Q

lower region of stomach is called

A

antrum

113
Q

___________ and ___________ help convert food to smi-liquid state

A

hydrochloric acid, gastric juices

114
Q

small intestine is _______ long and _____ in diameter

A

21 feet, 1 inch

115
Q

fat digesting enzyme

A

lipase

116
Q

starch digesting enzyme

A

amylase

117
Q

a pouchlike structure forming the beginning of large intestine

A

cecum

118
Q

the 4 accessory digestive organs

A

salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

119
Q

which organ manufactures bile

A

liver

120
Q

produces fibrinogen & prothrombin, heparin, blood proteins

A

liver

121
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

122
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

123
Q

lack of appetite, decreased desire for food

A

anorexia

124
Q

building up of body substance in constructive phase of metabolism

A

anabolism

125
Q

surgical excision of the appendix

A

appendectomy

126
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical excision

127
Q

test performed by administering barium in to the rectum to determine condition of colon. X-rays are taken. For: colon cancer, polyps, fistulas, diverticulitis etc

A

barium enema (BE)

128
Q

X-ray exam of common bile duct, cystic duct, hepatic ducts. Radiopaque dye is injected, films are taken. Indicates obstruction, stones, tumors

A

cholangiography

129
Q

breakdown cholangiography into word parts

A

chol=bile angi/o=vessel graphy=recording

130
Q

which organ manufactures bile

A

liver

131
Q

produces fibrinogen & prothrombin, heparin, blood proteins

A

liver

132
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

133
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

134
Q

lack of appetite, decreased desire for food

A

anorexia

135
Q

building up of body substance in constructive phase of metabolism

A

anabolism

136
Q

surgical excision of the appendix

A

appendectomy

137
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical excision

138
Q

test performed by administering barium in to the rectum to determine condition of colon. X-rays are taken. For: colon cancer, polyps, fistulas, diverticulitis etc

A

barium enema (BE)

139
Q

X-ray exam of common bile duct, cystic duct, hepatic ducts. Radiopaque dye is injected, films are taken. Indicates obstruction, stones, tumors

A

cholangiography

140
Q

breakdown cholangiography into word parts

A

chol=gall angi/o=vessel graphy=recording

141
Q

X-ray of gallbladder, radiopaque dye is injected, films are taken. Indicates cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, tumors

A

cholecystography (gall/bladder/recording)

142
Q

direct visual exam of the colon. used to diagnose growths, remove polyps for analysis, rule out colon cancer

A

colonoscopy

143
Q

examination of esophagus, stomach and small intestine

A

esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy

144
Q

fluoroscopic exam of esophagus, stomach and small intestine in which barium is given orally. for hiatal hernias, divertculi, gastric polyps, pyloric stenosis etc

A

gastrointestinal (GI) series

145
Q

sten/o

A

narrowing

146
Q

test performed on feces to determine GI bleeding that is not visible. Can indicate stomach cancer, peptic ulcer, etc

A

occult blood

147
Q

test performed on stool to identify presence of organisms

A

ova and parasites (O&P)

148
Q

ac

A

before meals

149
Q

Ba

A

barium

150
Q

BE

A

barium enema

151
Q

BM

A

bowel movement

152
Q

BRP

A

bathroom privileges

153
Q

BS

A

bowel sounds

154
Q

GB

A

gallbladder

155
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

156
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

157
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

158
Q

HCl

A

hydrochloric acid

159
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

160
Q

LES

A

lower esophageal sphincter

161
Q

NG

A

nasogastric

162
Q

NPO. npo

A

nothing by mouth

163
Q

O&P

A

ova and parasites

164
Q

pc

A

after meals

165
Q

PP

A

postprandial / after meals

166
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

167
Q

TPN

A

total parenteral nutrition

168
Q

UGI

A

upper gastrointestinal

169
Q

above the stomach

A

epigastric

170
Q

inflammation of the appendix

A

appendicitis

171
Q

orange-coloured bile pigment produced by separation of hemoglobin, seen in jaundice

A

bilirubin

172
Q

bowel

A

intestine

173
Q

in metabolism, breaking of complex substances into more basic elements, literally: a casting down

A

catabolism

174
Q

pertaining to the abdomen

A

celiac

175
Q

abnormal condition of the lip, riboflavin and B-complex deficiency

A

cheilosis

176
Q

-osis

A

condition

177
Q

surgical excision of the gallbladder

A

cholecystectomy

178
Q

chol/e + cyst/o =

A

gallbladder

179
Q

doch/o

A

duct

180
Q

chronic degenerative liver disease characterized by changes in the lobes. infiltrated with fat

A

cirrhosis

181
Q

surgical excision of part of the colon

A

colectomy

182
Q

instrument used to view interior of colon

A

colonoscope

183
Q

visual exam of the colon

A

colonoscopy

184
Q

new opening (suffix)

A

-stomy

185
Q

creation of a new opening into the colon

A

colostomy

186
Q

infrequent passage of unduly hard and dry feces

A

constipation

187
Q

constipat

A

to press together

188
Q

-ion

A

process

189
Q

defecat

A

to remove dregs

190
Q

act or process of swallowing

A

deglutition

191
Q

inflammation of the diverticula (pouches in the walls of an organ) in colon

A

diverticulitis

192
Q

-pepsia

A

to digest

193
Q

dys-

A

difficult

194
Q

difficulty in digestion, indigestion

A

dyspepsia

195
Q

-phagia

A

to eat, to swallow

196
Q

difficulty in swallowing

A

dysphagia

197
Q

vomiting

A

emesis

198
Q

eme

A

to vomit

199
Q

pertaining to small intestine

A

enteric (enter/o = small intestine)

200
Q

protein capable of causing rapid chemical changes in other substances without being changed itself

A

enzyme

201
Q

eructat

A

breaking out

202
Q

belching

A

eructation

203
Q

expelling of gas from the anus

A

flatus

204
Q

study of the stomach and intestines, study of entire GI tract

A

gastroenterology

205
Q

condition that occurs when lower esophageal sphincter is weak or relaxes inappropriately allowing stomach’s contents to back up

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

206
Q

to feed semiliquid food via a tube (stomach or nasogastric)

A

gavage

207
Q

bad breath

A

halitosis

208
Q

vomiting of blood

A

hematemesis

209
Q

passage of stools that contain red blood

A

hematochezia

210
Q

inflammation of liver

A

hepatitis

211
Q

tumor of liver

A

hepatoma

212
Q

occurs when upper part of stomach moves into chest through small opening in diaphragm

A

hiatal hernia

213
Q

intravenous infusion of hypertonic solution to sustain life, patients whose GI tracts are not functioning properly

A

hyperalimentation

214
Q

excessive vomiting

A

hyperemesis

215
Q

surgical creation of new opening through abdominal wall into ileum

A

ileostomy

216
Q

disorder that interferes with normal functions of large intestine

A

irritable bowel syndrome

217
Q

surgical incision into abdomen

A

laparotomy

218
Q

to wash out a cavity, used to remove or dilute gastric contents in case of acute poisoning

A

lavage

219
Q

inflammation of pancreas

A

pancreatitis

220
Q

disease in which ulcer forms in mucosal wall of stomach, pylorus, duodenum or esophagus

A

peptic ulcer disease

221
Q

-stalsis

A

contraction

222
Q

peri-

A

around

223
Q

post prandial

A

after meal

224
Q

inflammation of salivary gland

A

sialadenitis

225
Q

sial

A

saliva

226
Q

enlargement of the spleen

A

splenomegaly

227
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement, large

228
Q

disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in lining of large intestine

A

ulcerative colitis

229
Q

volvul

A

to roll

230
Q

twisting of the bowel on itself that causes an obstruction

A

volvulus

231
Q

-us

A

pertaining to

232
Q

secretes pancriatic juice into small intestine, contains cells that produce digestive enzymes

A

pancreas

Medical Terminology (24 decks)

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