Medical Terminology - Chapter 8 Flashcards
1
Q
absorpt/o
A
to suck in
2
Q
aden/o
A
gland
3
Q
aliment/o
A
nourishment
4
Q
amyl/o
A
starch
5
Q
anabol/o
A
building up
6
Q
append/o
A
appendix
7
Q
appendic/o
A
appendix
8
Q
bil/i
A
gall, bile
9
Q
bucc/o
A
cheek
10
Q
catabol/o
A
a casting down
11
Q
celi/o
A
abdomen, belly
12
Q
cheil/o
A
lip
13
Q
chol/e
A
gall, bile
14
Q
choledoch/o
A
common bile duct
15
Q
cirrh/o
A
orange-yellow
16
Q
col/o
A
colon
17
Q
colon/o
A
colon
18
Q
cyst/o
A
bladder
19
Q
dent/o
A
tooth
20
Q
diverticul/o
A
diverticula
21
Q
duoden/o
A
duodenum
22
Q
enter/o
A
intestine (usually small intestine)
23
Q
esophage/o
A
esophagus
24
Q
fibr/o
A
fibrous tissue
25
gastr/o
stomach
26
gingiv/o
gums
27
gloss/o
tongue
28
glyc/o
sweet, sugar
29
halit/o
breath
30
hemat/o
blood
31
hemorrh/o
vein liable to bleed
32
hepat/o
liver
33
herni/o
hernia
34
ile/o
ileum
35
labi/o
lip
36
lapar/o
abdomen
37
lingu/o
tongue
38
lip/o
fat
39
odont/o
tooth
40
pancreat/o
pancreas
41
pept/o
to digest
42
pharyng/e
pharynx
43
pil/o
hair
44
prand/i
meal
45
proct/o
anus and rectum
46
pylor/o
pylorus, gatekeeper
47
rect/o
rectum
48
sial/o
saliva, salivary
49
sigmoid/o
sigmoid
50
splen/o
spleen
51
stomat/o
mouth
52
verm/i
worm
53
4 main functions of digestive system
ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
54
soft mass of chewed food
bolus
55
digestion and absorption chiefly take place in the
small intestine
56
reduces food to digestible state, converts food into semi-liquid state
stomach
57
semiliquid state of food
chyme
58
digestive organ that manufactures bile
liver
59
digestive organ that stores and concentrates bile
gallbladder
60
produces hormones insulin and glucagon
pancreas
61
digestive tract is also called
alimentary canal, gastrointestinal tract (GI)
62
gingivae
gums
63
small intestine is made up of: (know in order)
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
64
large intestine is made up of: (in sequential order)
cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
65
colon is made up of: (know in order)
ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
66
nutrition received through the intestine by tube/IV when nutrition can't be taken in by mouth
parenteral nutrition
67
structures in mouth that help with mastication
teeth
68
rhythmic contraction, begins in esophagus & moves to end of GI tract
peristalsis
69
wavelike muscular contractions
peristalsis
70
the 2 organs involved in mechanical digestion of food
mouth & stomach
71
chyme is formed after addition of
acids
72
produces hormones and enzymes so that food entering intestines is alkaline
pancreas
73
maximum digestion happens in
duodenum
74
salivary gland located in front of the ear
parotid gland
75
salivary gland located in floor of the mouth
submandibular gland
76
salivary gland under tongue
sublingual gland
77
process of taking in food
ingestion
78
process of breaking down food
digestion
79
process of taking in broken down molecules
absorption
80
ridding of waste from the body
elimination
81
sphincter at top of stomach
lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
82
esophageal sphincter is sometimes referred to as
cardiac sphincter
83
jejun/o
jejunum
84
cec/o
cecum
85
an/o
anus
86
proct/o
anus and rectum
87
viewing rectum and anus
proctoscopy
88
viewing entire colon
colonoscopy
89
steat/o
fat
90
a gatekeeper
pylorus
91
sphincter at bottom of stomach
pyloric sphincter
92
prevents acidic chyme from entering small intestine
pyloric sphincter
93
2 ways that acids can get to nerves of the tooth, causing dentalgia
corrosion on side of tooth or cavities
94
belching
eructation
95
regulates food from small intestine to large intestine, is between ileum and cecum
ileocecal valve
96
evacuation of the bowel
defecation
97
process whereby end products/solid waste are excreted from body
elimination
98
building up of chemicals to be stored in the body
anabolism
99
breaking down of stored chemicals in the body
catabolism
100
milk teeth or baby teeth
deciduous teeth
101
number of permanent teeth in adults
32
102
3 main parts of a tooth
crown, root, neck
103
constricted portion between crown and root of tooth
neck
104
part of tooth embedded in alveolus
root
105
part of tooth that projects above gums
crown
106
portion of pharynx above mouth
nasopharynx
107
portion of pharynx located at mouth
oropharynx
108
portion of pharynx below mouth
laryngopharynx
109
flap of tissue that blocks opening of the larynx
epiglottis
110
function of epiglottis
prevents food from entering trachea
111
upper region of the stomach is called
fundus
112
lower region of stomach is called
antrum
113
___________ and ___________ help convert food to smi-liquid state
hydrochloric acid, gastric juices
114
small intestine is _______ long and _____ in diameter
21 feet, 1 inch
115
fat digesting enzyme
lipase
116
starch digesting enzyme
amylase
117
a pouchlike structure forming the beginning of large intestine
cecum
118
the 4 accessory digestive organs
salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
119
which organ manufactures bile
liver
120
produces fibrinogen & prothrombin, heparin, blood proteins
liver
121
-ase
enzyme
122
-orexia
appetite
123
lack of appetite, decreased desire for food
anorexia
124
building up of body substance in constructive phase of metabolism
anabolism
125
surgical excision of the appendix
appendectomy
126
-ectomy
surgical excision
127
test performed by administering barium in to the rectum to determine condition of colon. X-rays are taken. For: colon cancer, polyps, fistulas, diverticulitis etc
barium enema (BE)
128
X-ray exam of common bile duct, cystic duct, hepatic ducts. Radiopaque dye is injected, films are taken. Indicates obstruction, stones, tumors
cholangiography
129
breakdown cholangiography into word parts
chol=bile angi/o=vessel graphy=recording
130
which organ manufactures bile
liver
131
produces fibrinogen & prothrombin, heparin, blood proteins
liver
132
-ase
enzyme
133
-orexia
appetite
134
lack of appetite, decreased desire for food
anorexia
135
building up of body substance in constructive phase of metabolism
anabolism
136
surgical excision of the appendix
appendectomy
137
-ectomy
surgical excision
138
test performed by administering barium in to the rectum to determine condition of colon. X-rays are taken. For: colon cancer, polyps, fistulas, diverticulitis etc
barium enema (BE)
139
X-ray exam of common bile duct, cystic duct, hepatic ducts. Radiopaque dye is injected, films are taken. Indicates obstruction, stones, tumors
cholangiography
140
breakdown cholangiography into word parts
chol=gall angi/o=vessel graphy=recording
141
X-ray of gallbladder, radiopaque dye is injected, films are taken. Indicates cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, tumors
cholecystography (gall/bladder/recording)
142
direct visual exam of the colon. used to diagnose growths, remove polyps for analysis, rule out colon cancer
colonoscopy
143
examination of esophagus, stomach and small intestine
esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy
144
fluoroscopic exam of esophagus, stomach and small intestine in which barium is given orally. for hiatal hernias, divertculi, gastric polyps, pyloric stenosis etc
gastrointestinal (GI) series
145
sten/o
narrowing
146
test performed on feces to determine GI bleeding that is not visible. Can indicate stomach cancer, peptic ulcer, etc
occult blood
147
test performed on stool to identify presence of organisms
ova and parasites (O&P)
148
ac
before meals
149
Ba
barium
150
BE
barium enema
151
BM
bowel movement
152
BRP
bathroom privileges
153
BS
bowel sounds
154
GB
gallbladder
155
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
156
GI
gastrointestinal
157
GTT
glucose tolerance test
158
HCl
hydrochloric acid
159
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
160
LES
lower esophageal sphincter
161
NG
nasogastric
162
NPO. npo
nothing by mouth
163
O&P
ova and parasites
164
pc
after meals
165
PP
postprandial / after meals
166
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
167
TPN
total parenteral nutrition
168
UGI
upper gastrointestinal
169
above the stomach
epigastric
170
inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis
171
orange-coloured bile pigment produced by separation of hemoglobin, seen in jaundice
bilirubin
172
bowel
intestine
173
in metabolism, breaking of complex substances into more basic elements, literally: a casting down
catabolism
174
pertaining to the abdomen
celiac
175
abnormal condition of the lip, riboflavin and B-complex deficiency
cheilosis
176
-osis
condition
177
surgical excision of the gallbladder
cholecystectomy
178
chol/e + cyst/o =
gallbladder
179
doch/o
duct
180
chronic degenerative liver disease characterized by changes in the lobes. infiltrated with fat
cirrhosis
181
surgical excision of part of the colon
colectomy
182
instrument used to view interior of colon
colonoscope
183
visual exam of the colon
colonoscopy
184
new opening (suffix)
-stomy
185
creation of a new opening into the colon
colostomy
186
infrequent passage of unduly hard and dry feces
constipation
187
constipat
to press together
188
-ion
process
189
defecat
to remove dregs
190
act or process of swallowing
deglutition
191
inflammation of the diverticula (pouches in the walls of an organ) in colon
diverticulitis
192
-pepsia
to digest
193
dys-
difficult
194
difficulty in digestion, indigestion
dyspepsia
195
-phagia
to eat, to swallow
196
difficulty in swallowing
dysphagia
197
vomiting
emesis
198
eme
to vomit
199
pertaining to small intestine
enteric (enter/o = small intestine)
200
protein capable of causing rapid chemical changes in other substances without being changed itself
enzyme
201
eructat
breaking out
202
belching
eructation
203
expelling of gas from the anus
flatus
204
study of the stomach and intestines, study of entire GI tract
gastroenterology
205
condition that occurs when lower esophageal sphincter is weak or relaxes inappropriately allowing stomach's contents to back up
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
206
to feed semiliquid food via a tube (stomach or nasogastric)
gavage
207
bad breath
halitosis
208
vomiting of blood
hematemesis
209
passage of stools that contain red blood
hematochezia
210
inflammation of liver
hepatitis
211
tumor of liver
hepatoma
212
occurs when upper part of stomach moves into chest through small opening in diaphragm
hiatal hernia
213
intravenous infusion of hypertonic solution to sustain life, patients whose GI tracts are not functioning properly
hyperalimentation
214
excessive vomiting
hyperemesis
215
surgical creation of new opening through abdominal wall into ileum
ileostomy
216
disorder that interferes with normal functions of large intestine
irritable bowel syndrome
217
surgical incision into abdomen
laparotomy
218
to wash out a cavity, used to remove or dilute gastric contents in case of acute poisoning
lavage
219
inflammation of pancreas
pancreatitis
220
disease in which ulcer forms in mucosal wall of stomach, pylorus, duodenum or esophagus
peptic ulcer disease
221
-stalsis
contraction
222
peri-
around
223
post prandial
after meal
224
inflammation of salivary gland
sialadenitis
225
sial
saliva
226
enlargement of the spleen
splenomegaly
227
-megaly
enlargement, large
228
disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in lining of large intestine
ulcerative colitis
229
volvul
to roll
230
twisting of the bowel on itself that causes an obstruction
volvulus
231
-us
pertaining to
232
secretes pancriatic juice into small intestine, contains cells that produce digestive enzymes
pancreas
