Medical Terminology - Chapter 9 Flashcards
ang/i
vessel
angi/o
vessel
angin/o
to choke
arter/i
artery
arteri/o
artery
ather/o
fatty substance, porridge
atri/o
atrium
auscultat/o
listen to
card/i
heart
cardi/o
heart
chol/e
bile
circulat/o
circular
claudicat/o
to limp
corpor/e
body
cyan/o
dark blue
dilat/o
to widen
dynam/o
power
ech/o
reflected sound
electr/o
electricity
embol/o
a throwing in
glyc/o
sweet, sugar
hem/o
blood
infarct/o
infarct (necrosis of an area)
isch/o
to hold back
lipid/o
fat
lun/o
moon
man/o
thin
mitr/o
mitral valve
my/o
muscle
occlus/o
to close up
ox/i
oxygen
palpit/o
throbbing
pector/o
chest
phleb/o
vein
phon/o
sound
pulmonar/o
lung
rrhythm/o
rhythm
scler/o
hardening
sept/o
a partition
sin/o
a curve
sphygm/o
pulse
sten/o
narrowing
steth/o
chest
thromb/o
clot of blood
valvul/o
valve
vas/o
vessel
vascul/o
small vessel
ven/i
vein
ventricul/o
ventricle
vers/o
turning
cardiovascular system is also called
circulatory system
function of cardiovascular system
provides body’s cells with oxygen & nutritive elements, removes waste materials and carries carbon dioxide
location of heart
slightly to left of midline of the body, beneath sternum
3 layers / linings of the heart
endocardium (inner), myocardium (muscular, middle layer), pericardium (out membranous sac surrounding heart)
_______ divides heart into right and left half
septum
upper chambers of heart: ______ divided by the __________
atria, interatrial septum
lower chambers of heart: _______ are divided by the ___________
ventricles, interventricular septum
chambers that receive blood
atria
chambers that pump blood to body parts
ventricles
the valves of the heart are located:
at the entrance and exit of each ventricle
anastom
opening
-osis
condition
surgical joining of blood vessels or joining of one hollw/tubular organ to another
anastomosis
abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel
aneurysm
x-ray recording of size, shape and location of the heart and its blood vessels after the introduction of radiopaque contrast medium
angiogram
irregularity or loss of rhythm of heartbeat
arrhythmia
-plasty
surgical repair
sten
narrowing
pathological condition of hardening of arteries
arteriosclerosis
tumor of an artery containing a fatty substance
atheroma
method of physical assessment using a stethoscope to listen to sounds within chest, abdomen and other parts of the body
auscultation
portable automatic device used to restore normal heart rhythm to patients in cardiac arrest
automated external defibrillator (AED)
abnormally slow heartbeat, less than 60 bpm’s
bradycardia
-cuspid
point
pathological noise, sound of venous or arterial origin heard on auscultation
bruit
-megaly
enlargement, large
enlargement of the heart
cardiomegaly
disease of heart muscle, leads to generalized deteriationof muscle and its pumping ability
cardiomyopathy (CMP)
vers
turning
medical procedure used to treat cardiac arrhythmia. electrical shock is delivered to heart to restore its normal rhythm using AED
cardioversion
sterol
solid (fat)
process of lameness or limping, cramping pain caused by inadequate supply of O2 to muscles due to narrowed arteries, symptom of peripheral artery disease PAD
claudication
using section of saphenous vein or internal mammary artery to bypass or reroute blood around obstructed or occluded coronary artery
coronary artery bypass graft
most common form of heart disease, also referred to as coronary artery disease, narrowing of coronary arteries that supply blood to heart
coronary heart disease (CHD)
abnormal condition of skin and mucous membranes caused by O2 deficiency in the blood. skin fingernails and mucous membranes can appear slightly blue/grey
cyanosis
relation phase of the heart cycle
diastole
abnormality of rhythm or rate of heartbeat, disturbance of normal electrical activity (bradycardia or tachycardia)
dysrhythmia (aka arrhythmia)
noninvasive ultrasound to evaluate heart for valvular or structural defects
echocardiography (ECHO)
medical diagnostic device used for recording electrical impulses of heart muscle
electrocardiograph (ECG, EKG)
pathological condition caused by obstruction of blood vessel by foreign substance or blood clot
embolism
endo-
within
inflammation of endocardium, typically occurs when microorganisms (esp bacteria) from other part of body spred through bloodstream and affect heart valves & other cardiovascular structures
endocarditis
pathological condition, heart loses ability to pump blood efficiently
heart failure (HF)
left sided heart failure
congestive heart failure (CHF)*
benign tumor of blood vessel
hemangioma
high blood pressure, called silent killer, can lead to kidney failure, stroke, heart attack, PAD and eye damage
hypertension
tens
pressure
condition, lack of O2 due to inncreased blood supply to part of body caused by constriction or obstruction of blood vessel
ischemia
pathological condition of narrowing of mitral valve
mitral stenosis (MS)
focal area of heart dies or is permanently damaged because of inadequate supply of O2 to the area
myocardial infarction (MI) aka: heart attack
process of measuring O2 saturation of blood
oximetry
-metry
measurement
pericardiocentesis
surgical procedure to remove fluid from pericardial sac
-centesis
surgical puncture
inflammation of pericardium
pericarditis
puncture of vein to withdraw blood for analysis
phlebotomy
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
pertaining to sinus venosus and atrium
sinoatrial (SA)
medical instrument to measure the arterial blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
contractive phase of heart cycle during which blood is forced into systematic circulation via the aorta and the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary artery
systole
tachy-
rapid
rapid heartbeat, over 100 bpm’s
tachycardia
tel
end
vascular legion, formed by dilation of a group of small blood vessels ; can appear as birthmark or be caused by long-term sun exposure
telangiectasis
-ectasis
dilatation (dilation)
blood clot within vascular system, stationary blood clot
thrombosis
swollen, dilated and knotted veins that usually occur in lower leg
varicose veins
spasm of blood vessel
vasospasm
puncture of vein for removal of blood for analysis
venipuncture
-puncture
to pierce
muscular pump, circulates blood through heart, lungs (pulmonary circulation), and rest of body (systemic circulation)
heart
branching system of vessels, transports blood from right and left ventricles of heart to all body parts
arteries
vessels that transport blood from peripheral tissues back to the heart
veins
microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules
capillaries
facilitates passage of life-sustaining fluids containing O2 and nutrients to cell bodies and the removal of accumulated waste and CO2
capillaries
blood consists of ___________ and _______
formed elements, plasma
functions of blood
delivers necessary substances to body cells (O2, foods, salts, hormones), transports waste products (CO2, urea, lactic acid) away from body cells
AED
automated external defibrillator
BP
blood pressure
CCU
coronary care unit
CHD
coronary heart disease
CHF
congestive heart failure
CO
cardiac output
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
ECG, EKG
electrocardiogram
ECHO
echocardiography
FHS
fetal heart sound
Hgb (Hb)
hemoglobin
HTN
hypertension
IV
intravenous
MI
myocardial infarction
MS
mitral stenosis
PE
pulmonary embolism
SOB
shortness of breath
central region in the chest cavity
mediastinum
layers of pericardium
visceral (inner) & parietal (outer)
plural of cava
cavae
only vein that transports O2 blood
pulmonary vein
only artery that transports CO2 blood
pulmonary artery
-ole
small
-ule
small
opens to let blood into right ventricle
tricuspid valve
thickening of layer of heart wall
hypertrophy
pacemaker (located in right atrium)
sinoatrial node
supply the heart with O2 rich blood
coronary arteries
drain into coronary sinus, collect blood and return it to the right atrium
cardiac veins
what controls the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat
autonomic nervous system
these fibers are the source of impulses initiating the heartbeat
purkinje fibers
transmits electrical impulses to bundle of HIS
atrioventricular (AV) node
collection of heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction, transmits electrical impulses from AV node to point of apex of the fascicular branches
atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)
3 main types of blood vessels
arteries, veins and capillaries
branching system of vessels that transports blood away from heart to all body parts
arteries
elastic tubes that recoil and carry blood in pulsating waves, they have a pulse
arteries
most common sites for taking pulse
radial, brachial and carotid arteries
measuring pulse rate with stethoscope and counting heartbeat for 1 minute, taken over the heart itself (rather than @ pulse point)
apical pulse
vessels that transport blood from peripheral tissues back to heart, have thin walls and prevent backflow of blood
veins
most important superficial vein of the lower limb
great saphenous vein
microscopic blood vessels with single celled walls that connect arterioles with venules
capillaries
the extremely thin walls of _______ facilitate passage of O2 and nutrients to cell bodies and the removal of accumulated waste and CO2
capillaries
pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries
blood pressure
BP is reported in ______. It is measured with a ________ in concert with a ___________
millimeters of mercury (mmHg). sphygmomanometer, stethoscope
the difference between the systolic and diastolic readings
pulse pressure
what is an abnormal pulse pressure
over 50 points or under 30
optimal BP for adults
120/80
BP that indicates prehypertension
systolic of 120-139 or diastolic of 80-89
BP reading that is considered elevated (hypertension)
140/90 or higher
