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Medical Terminology > Medical Terminology - Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology - Chapter 9 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ang/i

A

vessel

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2
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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3
Q

angin/o

A

to choke

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4
Q

arter/i

A

artery

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5
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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6
Q

ather/o

A

fatty substance, porridge

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7
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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8
Q

auscultat/o

A

listen to

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9
Q

card/i

A

heart

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10
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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11
Q

chol/e

A

bile

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12
Q

circulat/o

A

circular

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13
Q

claudicat/o

A

to limp

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14
Q

corpor/e

A

body

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15
Q

cyan/o

A

dark blue

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16
Q

dilat/o

A

to widen

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17
Q

dynam/o

A

power

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18
Q

ech/o

A

reflected sound

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19
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

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20
Q

embol/o

A

a throwing in

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21
Q

glyc/o

A

sweet, sugar

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22
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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23
Q

infarct/o

A

infarct (necrosis of an area)

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24
Q

isch/o

A

to hold back

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25
Q

lipid/o

A

fat

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26
Q

lun/o

A

moon

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27
Q

man/o

A

thin

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28
Q

mitr/o

A

mitral valve

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29
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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30
Q

occlus/o

A

to close up

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31
Q

ox/i

A

oxygen

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32
Q

palpit/o

A

throbbing

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33
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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34
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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35
Q

phon/o

A

sound

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36
Q

pulmonar/o

A

lung

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37
Q

rrhythm/o

A

rhythm

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38
Q

scler/o

A

hardening

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39
Q

sept/o

A

a partition

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40
Q

sin/o

A

a curve

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41
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

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42
Q

sten/o

A

narrowing

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43
Q

steth/o

A

chest

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44
Q

thromb/o

A

clot of blood

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45
Q

valvul/o

A

valve

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46
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

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47
Q

vascul/o

A

small vessel

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48
Q

ven/i

A

vein

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49
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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50
Q

vers/o

A

turning

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51
Q

cardiovascular system is also called

A

circulatory system

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52
Q

function of cardiovascular system

A

provides body’s cells with oxygen & nutritive elements, removes waste materials and carries carbon dioxide

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53
Q

location of heart

A

slightly to left of midline of the body, beneath sternum

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54
Q

3 layers / linings of the heart

A

endocardium (inner), myocardium (muscular, middle layer), pericardium (out membranous sac surrounding heart)

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55
Q

_______ divides heart into right and left half

A

septum

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56
Q

upper chambers of heart: ______ divided by the __________

A

atria, interatrial septum

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57
Q

lower chambers of heart: _______ are divided by the ___________

A

ventricles, interventricular septum

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58
Q

chambers that receive blood

A

atria

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59
Q

chambers that pump blood to body parts

A

ventricles

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60
Q

the valves of the heart are located:

A

at the entrance and exit of each ventricle

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61
Q

anastom

A

opening

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62
Q

-osis

A

condition

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63
Q

surgical joining of blood vessels or joining of one hollw/tubular organ to another

A

anastomosis

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64
Q

abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel

A

aneurysm

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65
Q

x-ray recording of size, shape and location of the heart and its blood vessels after the introduction of radiopaque contrast medium

A

angiogram

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66
Q

irregularity or loss of rhythm of heartbeat

A

arrhythmia

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67
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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68
Q

sten

A

narrowing

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69
Q

pathological condition of hardening of arteries

A

arteriosclerosis

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70
Q

tumor of an artery containing a fatty substance

A

atheroma

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71
Q

method of physical assessment using a stethoscope to listen to sounds within chest, abdomen and other parts of the body

A

auscultation

72
Q

portable automatic device used to restore normal heart rhythm to patients in cardiac arrest

A

automated external defibrillator (AED)

73
Q

abnormally slow heartbeat, less than 60 bpm’s

A

bradycardia

74
Q

-cuspid

A

point

75
Q

pathological noise, sound of venous or arterial origin heard on auscultation

A

bruit

76
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement, large

77
Q

enlargement of the heart

A

cardiomegaly

78
Q

disease of heart muscle, leads to generalized deteriationof muscle and its pumping ability

A

cardiomyopathy (CMP)

79
Q

vers

A

turning

80
Q

medical procedure used to treat cardiac arrhythmia. electrical shock is delivered to heart to restore its normal rhythm using AED

A

cardioversion

81
Q

sterol

A

solid (fat)

82
Q

process of lameness or limping, cramping pain caused by inadequate supply of O2 to muscles due to narrowed arteries, symptom of peripheral artery disease PAD

A

claudication

83
Q

using section of saphenous vein or internal mammary artery to bypass or reroute blood around obstructed or occluded coronary artery

A

coronary artery bypass graft

84
Q

most common form of heart disease, also referred to as coronary artery disease, narrowing of coronary arteries that supply blood to heart

A

coronary heart disease (CHD)

85
Q

abnormal condition of skin and mucous membranes caused by O2 deficiency in the blood. skin fingernails and mucous membranes can appear slightly blue/grey

A

cyanosis

86
Q

relation phase of the heart cycle

A

diastole

87
Q

abnormality of rhythm or rate of heartbeat, disturbance of normal electrical activity (bradycardia or tachycardia)

A

dysrhythmia (aka arrhythmia)

88
Q

noninvasive ultrasound to evaluate heart for valvular or structural defects

A

echocardiography (ECHO)

89
Q

medical diagnostic device used for recording electrical impulses of heart muscle

A

electrocardiograph (ECG, EKG)

90
Q

pathological condition caused by obstruction of blood vessel by foreign substance or blood clot

A

embolism

91
Q

endo-

A

within

92
Q

inflammation of endocardium, typically occurs when microorganisms (esp bacteria) from other part of body spred through bloodstream and affect heart valves & other cardiovascular structures

A

endocarditis

93
Q

pathological condition, heart loses ability to pump blood efficiently

A

heart failure (HF)

94
Q

left sided heart failure

A

congestive heart failure (CHF)*

95
Q

benign tumor of blood vessel

A

hemangioma

96
Q

high blood pressure, called silent killer, can lead to kidney failure, stroke, heart attack, PAD and eye damage

A

hypertension

97
Q

tens

A

pressure

98
Q

condition, lack of O2 due to inncreased blood supply to part of body caused by constriction or obstruction of blood vessel

A

ischemia

99
Q

pathological condition of narrowing of mitral valve

A

mitral stenosis (MS)

100
Q

focal area of heart dies or is permanently damaged because of inadequate supply of O2 to the area

A

myocardial infarction (MI) aka: heart attack

101
Q

process of measuring O2 saturation of blood

A

oximetry

102
Q

-metry

A

measurement

103
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

surgical procedure to remove fluid from pericardial sac

104
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture

105
Q

inflammation of pericardium

A

pericarditis

106
Q

puncture of vein to withdraw blood for analysis

A

phlebotomy

107
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis

108
Q

pertaining to sinus venosus and atrium

A

sinoatrial (SA)

109
Q

medical instrument to measure the arterial blood pressure

A

sphygmomanometer

110
Q

contractive phase of heart cycle during which blood is forced into systematic circulation via the aorta and the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary artery

A

systole

111
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

112
Q

rapid heartbeat, over 100 bpm’s

A

tachycardia

113
Q

tel

A

end

114
Q

vascular legion, formed by dilation of a group of small blood vessels ; can appear as birthmark or be caused by long-term sun exposure

A

telangiectasis

115
Q

-ectasis

A

dilatation (dilation)

116
Q

blood clot within vascular system, stationary blood clot

A

thrombosis

117
Q

swollen, dilated and knotted veins that usually occur in lower leg

A

varicose veins

118
Q

spasm of blood vessel

A

vasospasm

119
Q

puncture of vein for removal of blood for analysis

A

venipuncture

120
Q

-puncture

A

to pierce

121
Q

muscular pump, circulates blood through heart, lungs (pulmonary circulation), and rest of body (systemic circulation)

A

heart

122
Q

branching system of vessels, transports blood from right and left ventricles of heart to all body parts

A

arteries

123
Q

vessels that transport blood from peripheral tissues back to the heart

A

veins

124
Q

microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules

A

capillaries

125
Q

facilitates passage of life-sustaining fluids containing O2 and nutrients to cell bodies and the removal of accumulated waste and CO2

A

capillaries

126
Q

blood consists of ___________ and _______

A

formed elements, plasma

127
Q

functions of blood

A

delivers necessary substances to body cells (O2, foods, salts, hormones), transports waste products (CO2, urea, lactic acid) away from body cells

128
Q

AED

A

automated external defibrillator

129
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

130
Q

CCU

A

coronary care unit

131
Q

CHD

A

coronary heart disease

132
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

133
Q

CO

A

cardiac output

134
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

135
Q

ECG, EKG

A

electrocardiogram

136
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiography

137
Q

FHS

A

fetal heart sound

138
Q

Hgb (Hb)

A

hemoglobin

139
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

140
Q

IV

A

intravenous

141
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

142
Q

MS

A

mitral stenosis

143
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

144
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

145
Q

central region in the chest cavity

A

mediastinum

146
Q

layers of pericardium

A

visceral (inner) & parietal (outer)

147
Q

plural of cava

A

cavae

148
Q

only vein that transports O2 blood

A

pulmonary vein

149
Q

only artery that transports CO2 blood

A

pulmonary artery

150
Q

-ole

A

small

151
Q

-ule

A

small

152
Q

opens to let blood into right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

153
Q

thickening of layer of heart wall

A

hypertrophy

154
Q

pacemaker (located in right atrium)

A

sinoatrial node

155
Q

supply the heart with O2 rich blood

A

coronary arteries

156
Q

drain into coronary sinus, collect blood and return it to the right atrium

A

cardiac veins

157
Q

what controls the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat

A

autonomic nervous system

158
Q

these fibers are the source of impulses initiating the heartbeat

A

purkinje fibers

159
Q

transmits electrical impulses to bundle of HIS

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

160
Q

collection of heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction, transmits electrical impulses from AV node to point of apex of the fascicular branches

A

atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)

161
Q

3 main types of blood vessels

A

arteries, veins and capillaries

162
Q

branching system of vessels that transports blood away from heart to all body parts

A

arteries

163
Q

elastic tubes that recoil and carry blood in pulsating waves, they have a pulse

A

arteries

164
Q

most common sites for taking pulse

A

radial, brachial and carotid arteries

165
Q

measuring pulse rate with stethoscope and counting heartbeat for 1 minute, taken over the heart itself (rather than @ pulse point)

A

apical pulse

166
Q

vessels that transport blood from peripheral tissues back to heart, have thin walls and prevent backflow of blood

A

veins

167
Q

most important superficial vein of the lower limb

A

great saphenous vein

168
Q

microscopic blood vessels with single celled walls that connect arterioles with venules

A

capillaries

169
Q

the extremely thin walls of _______ facilitate passage of O2 and nutrients to cell bodies and the removal of accumulated waste and CO2

A

capillaries

170
Q

pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries

A

blood pressure

171
Q

BP is reported in ______. It is measured with a ________ in concert with a ___________

A

millimeters of mercury (mmHg). sphygmomanometer, stethoscope

172
Q

the difference between the systolic and diastolic readings

A

pulse pressure

173
Q

what is an abnormal pulse pressure

A

over 50 points or under 30

174
Q

optimal BP for adults

A

120/80

175
Q

BP that indicates prehypertension

A

systolic of 120-139 or diastolic of 80-89

176
Q

BP reading that is considered elevated (hypertension)

A

140/90 or higher

Medical Terminology (24 decks)

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