Medical Terminology - Chapter 12 Flashcards
bacter/i
bacteria
albumin/o
protein
calc/i
calcium
col/o
colon
corpor/e
body
cutan/e
skin
cyst/o
bladder
excret/o
sifted out
glomerul/o
glomerulus, little ball
glycos/o
glucose, sugar
hem/o
blood
hemat/o
blood
keton/o
ketone
lith/o
stone
meat/o
passage
micturit/o
to urinate
nephr/o
kidney
noct/o
night
perine/o
perineum
periton/e
peritoneum
py/o
pus
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ren/o
kidney
scler/o
hardening
son/o
sound
ur/o
urine, urinate, urination
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
urin/o
urine
function of kidneys
produce urine, regulate and control body fluids
function of ureters
transport urine from kidneys to the bladder
urinary bladder
reservoir for urine
urethra
passageway of urine to outside of body (in male conveys urine and semen)
trigon/o
trigone
cortic/o
cortex
medull/o
medulla
capillary network at nephron, found inside bowman’s capsule
glomerulus
structural and functional unit of the kidney
nephron
diamond shaped region around urethra
perineum
agent that reabsorbs water into the body
anti diuretic hormone (ADH)
ADH
anti diuretic hormone
thin membrane structure that encloses internal organs
peritoneum
hormone produced by kidney that stimulate production of red blood cells
erythropoietin
3 steps of urine formation
filteration, reabsorption, secretion
proximal convoluted tubule
PCT
distal convoluted tubule
DCT
glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule
renal corpuscle
-itis
inflammation
-uria
urination, condition of urine
-tomy
incision
-ectomy
surgical excision
-cele
hernia
-osis
condition
-ar
pertaining to
meat/o
passage (opening)
hormone produced by kidney, stimulates production of red blood cells
erythropoietin
3 steps of urine formation
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
area behind the abdominal cavity
retroperitoneal
3 capsules surrounding kidney
true capsule, perirenal fat, renal fascia
smooth, fibrous connective tissue that loosely adheres to surface of kidney
true capsule
sheath of fibrous tissue that helps anchor kidney to surrounding structures
renal fascia
adipose capsule that embeds each kidney in fatty tissue
perirenal fat
renal artery & vein, nerves and lymphatic vessels enter and leave through the ______
hilum
a tuft of blood vessel
glomerulus
each nephron consists of a ________ & ________
renal corpuscle & tubule
functions of the nephron
regulates, controls and removes waste products of metabolism from blood plasma, plays vital role in maintenance of normal fluid balance in the body
narrow, muscular tubes that drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder
ureters
3 layers of the walls of ureters
inner coat of mucous membrane, middle coat of smooth muscle, outer coat of fibrous tissue
small triangular area near base of the bladder between openings of the 2 ureters and opening of urethra
trigone
external urinary opening is the ______
urinary meatus
UTI
urinary tract infection
urine is formed by the process of ______ & ______ in the nephron
filtration & reabsorption
inability to retain urine voluntarily
urge incontinence
laboratory test that evaluates the physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine
urinalysis (UA)
major protein in blood plasma
albumin
indicates the presence of serum protein in the urine
albuminuria
anti-
against
di(a)-
through
antidiuretic
pertaining to a medication that decreases urine production and secretion
literally means “without the formation of urine”, lack of urine production
anuria
presence of bacteria in the urine
bacteriuria
presence of calcium in the urine
calciuria
pebble; any abnormal concretion
calculus (plural: calculi)
pain in the bladder, commonly called cystalgia
cystodynia
X-ray record of the bladder
cystogram
blood test to determine the amount of urea excreted by the kidneys (abnormal results indicate renal dysfunction)
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
urine test to determine the presence of microorganisms (to test for urinary tract infection)
culture, urine
visual examination of bladder and urethra via a lighted cystoscope (abnormal results indicate presence of renal calculi, tumor, prostatic hyperplasia or bleeding)
cystoscopy (cysto)
test to visualize the kidneys, ureters and bladder; a radiopaque substance is intravenously injected and X-rays are taken
intravenous pyelography (pyelogram) (IVP)
flat X-ray of the abdomen; taken in supine position, to indicate size, and position of kidneys, ureters and bladder
kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)
use of high frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys
Ultrasonography, kidneys
surgical excision of a stone from the bladder
cystolithectomy
medical instrument used for visual examination of the bladder
cystoscope
medical procedure to separate waste material from the blood and to maintain fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance in impaired kidney function/absence of kidney
dialysis
dia-
complete, through
-lysis
destruction, to separate
two main types of dialysis (both remove excess water from the blood in different ways)
hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD).
difficult or painful urination
dysuria
condition of involuntary emission of urine; bedwetting
enuresis
pertaining to the elimination of waste products from the body
excretory
medical device used to crush kidney stones. pt. is immersed in water bath while shock waves pound stones
extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor (ESWL)
extra-
outside, beyond
presence of glucose in the urine
glycosuria
presence of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the urine
hematuria
white blood cells found in addition to red (hematuria) indicates:
urinary tract infection
urine collects to renal pelvis because of obstructed outflow
hydronephrosis
in-
not
continence
to hold
inability to hold or control urination or defecation
incontinence
crushing of a kidney stone
lithotripsy
-tripsy
crushing
incision of the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening
meatotomy
process of urination
micturition
surgical excision of kidney
nephrectomy
inflammation of kidney
nephritis
inflammation of bladder and kidney
nephrocystitis
kidney stone
nephrolith
basic structural and functional unit of the kidney
nephron
condition of hardening of the kidney
nephrosclerosis
urination during the night
nocturia
scanty, decreased amount of urine
oliguria
separation of waste from the blood by using a peritoneal catheter and dialysis
peritoneal dialysis (PD)
literally means excessive secretion and discharge of urine; frequent urination; occurs in diabetes mellitus, chronic nephritis and nephrosclerosis
polyuria
inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis, usually caused by bacteria entering kidneys from the bladder
pyelonephritis
pus in the urine
pyuria
pathological failure of the kidney to function
renal failure
ureter enters the kidney through the hilum into a saclike collecting portion called the
renal pelvis
two types of renal failure
acute (ARF) and chronic
enzyme produced by the kidney that stimulates vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone
renin
strict
to tighten, contraction
abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage such as the esophagus, ureter, or urethra
stricture
inflammation of the trigone of the bladder, more common in woman, cause is unknown
trigonitis
exces of urea, creatine and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism accumulated in the blood (also referred to as azotemia)
uremia
-emia
blood condition
sudden need to void, urinate
urgency
analysis of urine, separating of the urine for examination to determine the presence of abnormal elements
urinalysis (UA)
ARF
acute renal failure
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
CRF
chronic renal failure
cysto
cystoscopy
ESRD
end-stage renal disease
GU
genitourinary
HD
hemodialysis
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
K
potassium
KUB
kidney, ureter, bladder
LOC
level of consciousness
NH3
ammonia
PD
peritoneal dialysis
UA
urinalysis
UTI
urinary tract infection
composed of arteries, veins, convoluted tubules and glomerular capsules:
cortex
composed of renal pyramids (conelike masses with papillae projecting into calyces of the pelvis)
medulla
