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Medical Terminology > Medical Terminology - Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology - Chapter 12 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

bacter/i

A

bacteria

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1
Q

albumin/o

A

protein

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2
Q

calc/i

A

calcium

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3
Q

col/o

A

colon

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4
Q

corpor/e

A

body

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5
Q

cutan/e

A

skin

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6
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

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7
Q

excret/o

A

sifted out

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8
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus, little ball

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9
Q

glycos/o

A

glucose, sugar

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10
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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11
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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12
Q

keton/o

A

ketone

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13
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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14
Q

meat/o

A

passage

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15
Q

micturit/o

A

to urinate

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16
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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17
Q

noct/o

A

night

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18
Q

perine/o

A

perineum

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19
Q

periton/e

A

peritoneum

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20
Q

py/o

A

pus

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21
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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22
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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23
Q

scler/o

A

hardening

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24
Q

son/o

A

sound

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25
Q

ur/o

A

urine, urinate, urination

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26
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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27
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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28
Q

urin/o

A

urine

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29
Q

function of kidneys

A

produce urine, regulate and control body fluids

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30
Q

function of ureters

A

transport urine from kidneys to the bladder

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31
Q

urinary bladder

A

reservoir for urine

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32
Q

urethra

A

passageway of urine to outside of body (in male conveys urine and semen)

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33
Q

trigon/o

A

trigone

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34
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex

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35
Q

medull/o

A

medulla

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36
Q

capillary network at nephron, found inside bowman’s capsule

A

glomerulus

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37
Q

structural and functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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38
Q

diamond shaped region around urethra

A

perineum

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39
Q

agent that reabsorbs water into the body

A

anti diuretic hormone (ADH)

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40
Q

ADH

A

anti diuretic hormone

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41
Q

thin membrane structure that encloses internal organs

A

peritoneum

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42
Q

hormone produced by kidney that stimulate production of red blood cells

A

erythropoietin

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43
Q

3 steps of urine formation

A

filteration, reabsorption, secretion

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44
Q

proximal convoluted tubule

A

PCT

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45
Q

distal convoluted tubule

A

DCT

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46
Q

glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule

A

renal corpuscle

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47
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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48
Q

-uria

A

urination, condition of urine

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49
Q

-tomy

A

incision

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50
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical excision

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51
Q

-cele

A

hernia

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52
Q

-osis

A

condition

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53
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

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54
Q

meat/o

A

passage (opening)

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55
Q

hormone produced by kidney, stimulates production of red blood cells

A

erythropoietin

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56
Q

3 steps of urine formation

A

filtration, reabsorption, secretion

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57
Q

area behind the abdominal cavity

A

retroperitoneal

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58
Q

3 capsules surrounding kidney

A

true capsule, perirenal fat, renal fascia

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59
Q

smooth, fibrous connective tissue that loosely adheres to surface of kidney

A

true capsule

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60
Q

sheath of fibrous tissue that helps anchor kidney to surrounding structures

A

renal fascia

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61
Q

adipose capsule that embeds each kidney in fatty tissue

A

perirenal fat

62
Q

renal artery & vein, nerves and lymphatic vessels enter and leave through the ______

A

hilum

63
Q

a tuft of blood vessel

A

glomerulus

64
Q

each nephron consists of a ________ & ________

A

renal corpuscle & tubule

65
Q

functions of the nephron

A

regulates, controls and removes waste products of metabolism from blood plasma, plays vital role in maintenance of normal fluid balance in the body

66
Q

narrow, muscular tubes that drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder

A

ureters

67
Q

3 layers of the walls of ureters

A

inner coat of mucous membrane, middle coat of smooth muscle, outer coat of fibrous tissue

68
Q

small triangular area near base of the bladder between openings of the 2 ureters and opening of urethra

A

trigone

69
Q

external urinary opening is the ______

A

urinary meatus

70
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

71
Q

urine is formed by the process of ______ & ______ in the nephron

A

filtration & reabsorption

72
Q

inability to retain urine voluntarily

A

urge incontinence

73
Q

laboratory test that evaluates the physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine

A

urinalysis (UA)

74
Q

major protein in blood plasma

A

albumin

75
Q

indicates the presence of serum protein in the urine

A

albuminuria

76
Q

anti-

A

against

77
Q

di(a)-

A

through

78
Q

antidiuretic

A

pertaining to a medication that decreases urine production and secretion

79
Q

literally means “without the formation of urine”, lack of urine production

A

anuria

80
Q

presence of bacteria in the urine

A

bacteriuria

81
Q

presence of calcium in the urine

A

calciuria

82
Q

pebble; any abnormal concretion

A

calculus (plural: calculi)

83
Q

pain in the bladder, commonly called cystalgia

A

cystodynia

84
Q

X-ray record of the bladder

A

cystogram

85
Q

blood test to determine the amount of urea excreted by the kidneys (abnormal results indicate renal dysfunction)

A

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

86
Q

urine test to determine the presence of microorganisms (to test for urinary tract infection)

A

culture, urine

87
Q

visual examination of bladder and urethra via a lighted cystoscope (abnormal results indicate presence of renal calculi, tumor, prostatic hyperplasia or bleeding)

A

cystoscopy (cysto)

88
Q

test to visualize the kidneys, ureters and bladder; a radiopaque substance is intravenously injected and X-rays are taken

A

intravenous pyelography (pyelogram) (IVP)

89
Q

flat X-ray of the abdomen; taken in supine position, to indicate size, and position of kidneys, ureters and bladder

A

kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)

90
Q

use of high frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys

A

Ultrasonography, kidneys

91
Q

surgical excision of a stone from the bladder

A

cystolithectomy

92
Q

medical instrument used for visual examination of the bladder

A

cystoscope

93
Q

medical procedure to separate waste material from the blood and to maintain fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance in impaired kidney function/absence of kidney

A

dialysis

94
Q

dia-

A

complete, through

95
Q

-lysis

A

destruction, to separate

96
Q

two main types of dialysis (both remove excess water from the blood in different ways)

A

hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD).

97
Q

difficult or painful urination

A

dysuria

98
Q

condition of involuntary emission of urine; bedwetting

A

enuresis

99
Q

pertaining to the elimination of waste products from the body

A

excretory

100
Q

medical device used to crush kidney stones. pt. is immersed in water bath while shock waves pound stones

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor (ESWL)

101
Q

extra-

A

outside, beyond

102
Q

presence of glucose in the urine

A

glycosuria

103
Q

presence of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the urine

A

hematuria

104
Q

white blood cells found in addition to red (hematuria) indicates:

A

urinary tract infection

105
Q

urine collects to renal pelvis because of obstructed outflow

A

hydronephrosis

106
Q

in-

A

not

107
Q

continence

A

to hold

108
Q

inability to hold or control urination or defecation

A

incontinence

109
Q

crushing of a kidney stone

A

lithotripsy

110
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

111
Q

incision of the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening

A

meatotomy

112
Q

process of urination

A

micturition

113
Q

surgical excision of kidney

A

nephrectomy

114
Q

inflammation of kidney

A

nephritis

115
Q

inflammation of bladder and kidney

A

nephrocystitis

116
Q

kidney stone

A

nephrolith

117
Q

basic structural and functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

118
Q

condition of hardening of the kidney

A

nephrosclerosis

119
Q

urination during the night

A

nocturia

120
Q

scanty, decreased amount of urine

A

oliguria

121
Q

separation of waste from the blood by using a peritoneal catheter and dialysis

A

peritoneal dialysis (PD)

122
Q

literally means excessive secretion and discharge of urine; frequent urination; occurs in diabetes mellitus, chronic nephritis and nephrosclerosis

A

polyuria

123
Q

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis, usually caused by bacteria entering kidneys from the bladder

A

pyelonephritis

124
Q

pus in the urine

A

pyuria

125
Q

pathological failure of the kidney to function

A

renal failure

126
Q

ureter enters the kidney through the hilum into a saclike collecting portion called the

A

renal pelvis

127
Q

two types of renal failure

A

acute (ARF) and chronic

128
Q

enzyme produced by the kidney that stimulates vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone

A

renin

129
Q

strict

A

to tighten, contraction

130
Q

abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage such as the esophagus, ureter, or urethra

A

stricture

131
Q

inflammation of the trigone of the bladder, more common in woman, cause is unknown

A

trigonitis

132
Q

exces of urea, creatine and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism accumulated in the blood (also referred to as azotemia)

A

uremia

133
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

134
Q

sudden need to void, urinate

A

urgency

135
Q

analysis of urine, separating of the urine for examination to determine the presence of abnormal elements

A

urinalysis (UA)

136
Q

ARF

A

acute renal failure

137
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

138
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure

139
Q

cysto

A

cystoscopy

140
Q

ESRD

A

end-stage renal disease

141
Q

GU

A

genitourinary

142
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

143
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

144
Q

K

A

potassium

145
Q

KUB

A

kidney, ureter, bladder

146
Q

LOC

A

level of consciousness

147
Q

NH3

A

ammonia

148
Q

PD

A

peritoneal dialysis

149
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

150
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

151
Q

composed of arteries, veins, convoluted tubules and glomerular capsules:

A

cortex

152
Q

composed of renal pyramids (conelike masses with papillae projecting into calyces of the pelvis)

A

medulla

Medical Terminology (24 decks)

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