Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Flashcards
adip/o
fat
andr/o
man
anter/o
toward the front
bi/o
life
caud/o
tail
cran/i
cranium
cyt/o
cell
dist/o
away from the point of origin
dors/o
backward
hist/o
tissue
hydr/o
water
infer/o
below
inguin/o
groin
kary/o
cell’s nucleus
later/o
side
medi/o
toward the middle
organ/o
organ
path/o
disease
phen/o
to show
physi/o
nature
poster/o
behind, toward the back, back
proxim/o
near the point of origin
somat/o
body
ventr/o
near or on the belly side of the body
viscer/o
body organs
homeostasis
a state of equilibrium that is maintained within the body’s internal environment
Element: Al
Aluminum
Human body is made up of which 6 elements
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus
Element: C
Carbon
Element: Ca
Calcium
Element: Cl
Chlorine
Element: Co
Cobalt
Element: Cu
Copper
Element: F
Fluorine
Element: H
Hydrogen
Element: I
Iodine
Element: Fe
Iron
Element: Mn
Manganese
Element: Mg
Magnesium
Element: N
Nitrogen
Element: O or O2
Oxygen
Element: P
Phosphorus
Element: K
Potassium
Element: Na
Sodium
Element: S
Sulfur
Element: Zn
Zinc
function of Cell Membrane
Protects the cell, allows cell to receive nutrition and dispose of waste
function of Cytoplasm
Provides storage and work areas for the cell
Name 6 organelles listed in text
Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondria, Lysosomes, Centrioles
function of Ribosomes
PROTEIN FACTORIES. Make enzymes and other proteins
function of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
CARRIES PROTEINS and other substances through cytoplasm
function of Golgi Apparatus
CHEMICAL PROCESSING AND PACKAGING CENTRE. Chemically processes molecules from ER, packages into vesicles
function of Mitochondria (sing. Mitochondrion)
POWER PLANTS. Involved in cellular metabolism & respiration, provides principle source of cellular energy
function of Lysosomes
DIGESTIVE BAGS. Contain enzymes that digest food compounds
function of Centrioles
Play and important role in CELL REPRODUCTION
what are Cilia
Hairlike processes that project from epithelial cells
what is Flagellum
“Tail” of the sperm, enables sperm to move toward ovum
function of Nucleus
Controls every organelle in cytoplasm. Contains genetic matter. Responsible for cell’s GROWTH, METABOLISM & REPRODUCTION
Four basic types of tissue
epithelial, connective, muscular, nerve
6 functions of epithelial tissue
protection, sensation, secretion, absorption, excretion, diffusion
Epithelial tissue
sheetlike arrangement of cells, form outer surfaces of body, line body cavities and tubes/passageways that lead to exterior
3 types of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal (voluntary), Smooth & Cardiac (involuntary)
Supporting cells of nerves
neuroglia
Properties of nerve tissue
excitability and conductivity
Function of nerve tissue
control and coordinate activities of the body
3 areas of Ventral cavity
Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic
2 areas of Dorsal cavity
Cranial, Spinal
2 areas of Thoracic cavity
pericardial, pleural
superior
above, toward head
inferior
below, toward tail
anterior (ventral)
in front of/before, front side of the body
posterior (dorsal)
toward the back, back side of the body
cephalic
pertaining to the head
caudal
pertaining to the tail
medial
nearest the middle or midline
lateral
to the side, away from the middle
proximal
near to the point of attachment or near beginning of structure
distal
away from point of attachment or far from beginning of structure
abdomin/o
abdomin (belly)
tars/o
ankle (tarsus)
brach/i
arm
poster/o
back
oste/o
bones
mast/o
breast
bucc/o
cheek
thorac/o
chest
ot/o
ear
cubital
elbow
ophthalm/o
eye
dactyl/o
finger
pod/o
foot
giniv/o
gums
manus
hand
olecran/o
elbow
ocul/o
eye
opt/o
eye
chir/o
hand
mamm/o
breast
cephal/o
head
cardi/o
heart
coxa
hip or hip joint
crur/o
leg
hepat/o
liver
pulm/o, pulmon/o
lungs
pneum/o, pneumon/o
lungs
or/o
mouth
muscul/o
muscles
umbilic/o
navel
omphal/o
navel
cervic/o
neck
neur/o
nerves
rhin/o
nose
nas/o
nose
cost/o
ribs
later/o
side
derm/a, dermat/o, derm/o
skin
cutane/o
skin
crani/o
skull
gastr/o
stomach
dent/i
teeth
tempor/o
temples
femor/o
thigh bone
pharyng/o
throat
pollex
thumb
lingu/o
tongue
gloss/o
tongue
wrist
carp/o
upper right and left regions of the body
hypochondriac
lower right and left regions of the body
iliac
regions on either side of umbilical region
lumbar
centre-most region of the body
umbilical
upper, middle region of body
epigastric
lower, middle region of body
hypogastric
abd
abdomen
A&P
anatomy and physiology
CO2
carbon dioxide
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
ENT
ear, nose, throat (otorhinolaryngology)
ER
endoplasmic reticulum (for Chap. 4 purpose) also emergency room
GI
gastrointestinal
H2O
water
LAT, lat
lateral
LLQ
left lower quadrant
LUQ
left upper quadrant
O or O2
oxygen
OTC
over the counter
RLQ
right lower quadrant
RUQ
right upper quadrant
-ose
pertaining to
ambi-
both
-al
pertaining to
-oid
resemble
-tomy
incision
ana-
up, apart
anatomy
literally: to cut up, to cut apart; the study of a structure of an organism such as a human
dissection
process of cutting apart
name all organ systems of human body (11)
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, respiratory, digestive, reproductive, endocrine, urinary, cardiovascular, blood & lymphatic
name 2 types of involuntary muscle tissue
smooth, cardiac
name the voluntary type of muscle tissue
skeletal
skeletal muscle is ______ in appearance
striated
plane that divides body vertically
midsagittal plane
plane that divides body horizontally
transverse (horizontal plane)
plane that divides at right angles to midsagittal
coronal (frontal) plane
anter
toward the front
-ior
pertaining to
bi-
two
base
lower part of the foundation of a structure
apex
pointed end of a cone-shaped structure
bi/o
life
chromo-
color
-some
body
de-
down, away from
-ate
use, action
dif-
apart
fus
to pour
-ion
process
diffusion
process whereby particles in a fluid move from area of high concentration to area of lower concentration, resulting in even distribution of fluid
ecto-
outside
-morph
form, shape
filtrat
to strain through
gene
hereditary unit that transmits and determines ones characteristics or hereditary traits
infer
below
meso-
middle
-ic
pertaining to
per-
through
proto-
first
troph
a turning
somatotrophic
pertaining to stimulation of body growth
system
composite whole
uni-
one
ventr
near the belly
vertex
top or highest point, top or crown of the head
most widespread tissue
connective tissue
