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Medical Terminology > Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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2
Q

andr/o

A

man

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3
Q

anter/o

A

toward the front

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4
Q

bi/o

A

life

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5
Q

caud/o

A

tail

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6
Q

cran/i

A

cranium

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7
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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8
Q

dist/o

A

away from the point of origin

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9
Q

dors/o

A

backward

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10
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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11
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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12
Q

infer/o

A

below

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13
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

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14
Q

kary/o

A

cell’s nucleus

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15
Q

later/o

A

side

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16
Q

medi/o

A

toward the middle

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17
Q

organ/o

A

organ

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18
Q

path/o

A

disease

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19
Q

phen/o

A

to show

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20
Q

physi/o

A

nature

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21
Q

poster/o

A

behind, toward the back, back

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22
Q

proxim/o

A

near the point of origin

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23
Q

somat/o

A

body

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24
Q

ventr/o

A

near or on the belly side of the body

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25
Q

viscer/o

A

body organs

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26
Q

homeostasis

A

a state of equilibrium that is maintained within the body’s internal environment

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27
Q

Element: Al

A

Aluminum

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28
Q

Human body is made up of which 6 elements

A

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus

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29
Q

Element: C

A

Carbon

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30
Q

Element: Ca

A

Calcium

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31
Q

Element: Cl

A

Chlorine

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32
Q

Element: Co

A

Cobalt

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33
Q

Element: Cu

A

Copper

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34
Q

Element: F

A

Fluorine

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35
Q

Element: H

A

Hydrogen

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36
Q

Element: I

A

Iodine

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37
Q

Element: Fe

A

Iron

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38
Q

Element: Mn

A

Manganese

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39
Q

Element: Mg

A

Magnesium

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40
Q

Element: N

A

Nitrogen

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41
Q

Element: O or O2

A

Oxygen

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42
Q

Element: P

A

Phosphorus

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43
Q

Element: K

A

Potassium

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44
Q

Element: Na

A

Sodium

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45
Q

Element: S

A

Sulfur

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46
Q

Element: Zn

A

Zinc

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47
Q

function of Cell Membrane

A

Protects the cell, allows cell to receive nutrition and dispose of waste

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48
Q

function of Cytoplasm

A

Provides storage and work areas for the cell

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49
Q

Name 6 organelles listed in text

A

Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondria, Lysosomes, Centrioles

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50
Q

function of Ribosomes

A

PROTEIN FACTORIES. Make enzymes and other proteins

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51
Q

function of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A

CARRIES PROTEINS and other substances through cytoplasm

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52
Q

function of Golgi Apparatus

A

CHEMICAL PROCESSING AND PACKAGING CENTRE. Chemically processes molecules from ER, packages into vesicles

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53
Q

function of Mitochondria (sing. Mitochondrion)

A

POWER PLANTS. Involved in cellular metabolism & respiration, provides principle source of cellular energy

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54
Q

function of Lysosomes

A

DIGESTIVE BAGS. Contain enzymes that digest food compounds

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55
Q

function of Centrioles

A

Play and important role in CELL REPRODUCTION

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56
Q

what are Cilia

A

Hairlike processes that project from epithelial cells

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57
Q

what is Flagellum

A

“Tail” of the sperm, enables sperm to move toward ovum

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58
Q

function of Nucleus

A

Controls every organelle in cytoplasm. Contains genetic matter. Responsible for cell’s GROWTH, METABOLISM & REPRODUCTION

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59
Q

Four basic types of tissue

A

epithelial, connective, muscular, nerve

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60
Q

6 functions of epithelial tissue

A

protection, sensation, secretion, absorption, excretion, diffusion

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61
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

sheetlike arrangement of cells, form outer surfaces of body, line body cavities and tubes/passageways that lead to exterior

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62
Q

3 types of Muscle Tissue

A

Skeletal (voluntary), Smooth & Cardiac (involuntary)

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63
Q

Supporting cells of nerves

A

neuroglia

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64
Q

Properties of nerve tissue

A

excitability and conductivity

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65
Q

Function of nerve tissue

A

control and coordinate activities of the body

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66
Q

3 areas of Ventral cavity

A

Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic

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67
Q

2 areas of Dorsal cavity

A

Cranial, Spinal

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68
Q

2 areas of Thoracic cavity

A

pericardial, pleural

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69
Q

superior

A

above, toward head

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70
Q

inferior

A

below, toward tail

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71
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

in front of/before, front side of the body

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72
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

toward the back, back side of the body

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73
Q

cephalic

A

pertaining to the head

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74
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to the tail

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75
Q

medial

A

nearest the middle or midline

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76
Q

lateral

A

to the side, away from the middle

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77
Q

proximal

A

near to the point of attachment or near beginning of structure

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78
Q

distal

A

away from point of attachment or far from beginning of structure

79
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomin (belly)

80
Q

tars/o

A

ankle (tarsus)

81
Q

brach/i

A

arm

82
Q

poster/o

A

back

83
Q

oste/o

A

bones

84
Q

mast/o

A

breast

85
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

86
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

87
Q

ot/o

A

ear

88
Q

cubital

A

elbow

89
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

90
Q

dactyl/o

A

finger

91
Q

pod/o

A

foot

92
Q

giniv/o

A

gums

93
Q

manus

A

hand

94
Q

olecran/o

A

elbow

95
Q

ocul/o

A

eye

96
Q

opt/o

A

eye

97
Q

chir/o

A

hand

98
Q

mamm/o

A

breast

99
Q

cephal/o

A

head

100
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

101
Q

coxa

A

hip or hip joint

102
Q

crur/o

A

leg

103
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

104
Q

pulm/o, pulmon/o

A

lungs

105
Q

pneum/o, pneumon/o

A

lungs

106
Q

or/o

A

mouth

107
Q

muscul/o

A

muscles

108
Q

umbilic/o

A

navel

109
Q

omphal/o

A

navel

110
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

111
Q

neur/o

A

nerves

112
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

113
Q

nas/o

A

nose

114
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

115
Q

later/o

A

side

116
Q

derm/a, dermat/o, derm/o

A

skin

117
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

118
Q

crani/o

A

skull

119
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

120
Q

dent/i

A

teeth

121
Q

tempor/o

A

temples

122
Q

femor/o

A

thigh bone

123
Q

pharyng/o

A

throat

124
Q

pollex

A

thumb

125
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

126
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

127
Q

wrist

A

carp/o

128
Q

upper right and left regions of the body

A

hypochondriac

129
Q

lower right and left regions of the body

A

iliac

130
Q

regions on either side of umbilical region

A

lumbar

131
Q

centre-most region of the body

A

umbilical

132
Q

upper, middle region of body

A

epigastric

133
Q

lower, middle region of body

A

hypogastric

134
Q

abd

A

abdomen

135
Q

A&P

A

anatomy and physiology

136
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide

137
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

138
Q

ENT

A

ear, nose, throat (otorhinolaryngology)

139
Q

ER

A

endoplasmic reticulum (for Chap. 4 purpose) also emergency room

140
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

141
Q

H2O

A

water

142
Q

LAT, lat

A

lateral

143
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

144
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

145
Q

O or O2

A

oxygen

146
Q

OTC

A

over the counter

147
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

148
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

149
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to

150
Q

ambi-

A

both

151
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

152
Q

-oid

A

resemble

153
Q

-tomy

A

incision

154
Q

ana-

A

up, apart

155
Q

anatomy

A

literally: to cut up, to cut apart; the study of a structure of an organism such as a human

156
Q

dissection

A

process of cutting apart

157
Q

name all organ systems of human body (11)

A

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, respiratory, digestive, reproductive, endocrine, urinary, cardiovascular, blood & lymphatic

158
Q

name 2 types of involuntary muscle tissue

A

smooth, cardiac

159
Q

name the voluntary type of muscle tissue

A

skeletal

160
Q

skeletal muscle is ______ in appearance

A

striated

161
Q

plane that divides body vertically

A

midsagittal plane

162
Q

plane that divides body horizontally

A

transverse (horizontal plane)

163
Q

plane that divides at right angles to midsagittal

A

coronal (frontal) plane

164
Q

anter

A

toward the front

165
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

166
Q

bi-

A

two

167
Q

base

A

lower part of the foundation of a structure

168
Q

apex

A

pointed end of a cone-shaped structure

169
Q

bi/o

A

life

170
Q

chromo-

A

color

171
Q

-some

A

body

172
Q

de-

A

down, away from

173
Q

-ate

A

use, action

174
Q

dif-

A

apart

175
Q

fus

A

to pour

176
Q

-ion

A

process

177
Q

diffusion

A

process whereby particles in a fluid move from area of high concentration to area of lower concentration, resulting in even distribution of fluid

178
Q

ecto-

A

outside

179
Q

-morph

A

form, shape

180
Q

filtrat

A

to strain through

181
Q

gene

A

hereditary unit that transmits and determines ones characteristics or hereditary traits

182
Q

infer

A

below

183
Q

meso-

A

middle

184
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

185
Q

per-

A

through

186
Q

proto-

A

first

187
Q

troph

A

a turning

188
Q

somatotrophic

A

pertaining to stimulation of body growth

189
Q

system

A

composite whole

190
Q

uni-

A

one

191
Q

ventr

A

near the belly

192
Q

vertex

A

top or highest point, top or crown of the head

193
Q

most widespread tissue

A

connective tissue

Medical Terminology (24 decks)

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