Medical Terminology Chapter 9 Flashcards
organs of the urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urethra, urinary bladder
azot/o
nitrogenous waste
glomerul/o
glomerulus
glycos/o
sugar, glucose
home/o
same
hydr/o
water
keton/o
ketones
meat/o
meatus
nephr/o
kidney
noct/i
night
olig/o
scanty
protein/o
protein
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ren/o
kidney
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
urin/o
urine
ur/o
urine
-lith
stone
-lysis
to destroy
-ptosis
drooping
-uria
urine condition
genitourinary system
also called the urinary system
urine
waste materials
uremia
if the waste products build up in the blood and become toxic
nephrons
the actual filtration of wastes from the blood takes place in millions of these
kidneys
made up of millions of nephrons
ureters
transport the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
retroperitoneal
the two kidneys are located here
hilum
the center of the concave area of the kidney
cortex
the outer portion of the kidney
medulla
the inner area of the kidney
renal pyramids
within the medulla are a dozen or so triangular shaped areas
renal pailla
the tip of the renal pyramid
calyx or calyces
where each pyramid opens
Does the calyces and ultimately the renal pelvis collect urine as it’s formed?
true
glomerulus
ball of capillaries in the glomerular capsule
afferent arteriole
carries blood to the glomerulus
efferent arteriole
cares blood away from the glomerulus
rugae
folds
what 3 stages are there for urine production?
filtration, reabsorption and secretion
What are the values for urinalysis testing?
color, odor, appearance, specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, ketones, blood
electrolytes
sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate
how many ureters and urethras?
two and one
Urination can also be called what?
micturition and voiding
py/o
pus
-ecstasis
dilated
-algia
pain
cystic
pertaining to the bladder
glomerular
pertaining to the glomerulus
meatal
pertaining to the meatus
pyelitic
pertaining to the renal pelvis
anuria
complete suppression of urine formed by the kidneys and a complete lack of urine excretion
azotemia
accumulation of nitrogenous waste in the bloodstream
bacteriuria
presence of bacteria in the urine
calculus
stone formed within an organ by an accumulation of mineral salts
cystalgia
urinary bladder pain
cystolith
bladder stone
cystorrhagia
profuse bleeding from the urinary bladder
glycosuria
presence of sugar in the blood
nephrolith
kidney stone
nephomalacia
kidney is abnormally soft
nocturia
having to urinate frequently at night
oliguria
producing too little urine
renal colic
pain caused by a kidney stone
stricture
narrowing of a passageway in the urinary system
polycystic kidneys
formation of multiple cysts within the kidney tissue
nephritis
kidney inflammation
hydronephrosis
distention of the renal pelvis due to urine collecting in the kidney
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the kidney(primarily of the glomerulus)
acute tubular necrosis
damage to the renal tubules due to presence of toxins in the urine or to ischemia
pyelitis
renal pelvis inflammation
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Wilms’ tumor
malignant kidney tumor found most often in children
cystocele
protrusion (or herniation) of the urinary bladder into the wall of the vagina
blood urea nitrogen
blood test to measure kidney function by the level of nitrogenous waste that is in the blood
creatinine clearance
test of kidney function
urinometer
instrument to measure the specific gravity of urine
retrograde pyelography
diagnostic x-ray procedure in which dye is inserted through the urethra to outline the bladder, ureters and renal pelvis
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
use of ultrasound waves to break up stones.
cystopexy
surgical fixation of the urinary bladder
diuretic
increases the volume of urine produced by the kidneys
antispasmodic
used to prevent or reduce bladder muscle spasms
