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Fall Semester 2017 > Medical Terminology Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff joint

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2
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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3
Q

articul/o

A

joint

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4
Q

burs/o

A

sac

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5
Q

carp/o

A

carpus

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6
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

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7
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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8
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle

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9
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx

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10
Q

cortic/o

A

outer layer

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11
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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12
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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13
Q

femor/o

A

femur

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14
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula

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15
Q

humer/o

A

humerus

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16
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

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17
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium

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18
Q

kyph/o

A

hump

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19
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina (part of vertebra)

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20
Q

lord/o

A

bent backward

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21
Q

lumb/o

A

loin (low back between ribs and pelvis)

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22
Q

mandibul/o

A

mandible

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23
Q

maxill/o

A

maxilla

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24
Q

medull/o

A

inner region

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25
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpus

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26
Q

metatars/o

A

metatarsus

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27
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow, spinal cord

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28
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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29
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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30
Q

patell/o

A

patella

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31
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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32
Q

ped/o

A

child; foot

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33
Q

pelv/o

A

pelvis

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34
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges

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35
Q

pod/o

A

foot

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36
Q

prosthet/o

A

addition

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37
Q

pub/o

A

pubis

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38
Q

radi/o

A

radius; ray (x-ray)

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39
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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40
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula

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41
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked

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42
Q

spin/o

A

spine

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43
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebrae

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44
Q

stern/o

A

sternum

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45
Q

synovi/o

A

synovial membrane

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46
Q

synov/o

A

synovial membrane

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47
Q

tars/o

A

tarsus

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48
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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49
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia

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50
Q

uln/o

A

vertebr/o

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51
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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52
Q

-blast

A

immature

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53
Q

-clasia

A

to surgically break

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54
Q

-desis

A

to fuse

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55
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

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56
Q

-logic

A

pertaining to the study of

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57
Q

-porosis

A

porous

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58
Q

dis-

A

apart

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59
Q

non-

A

not

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60
Q

bone marrow

A

the site of blood cell production

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61
Q

skeleton

A

framework for the body, protects vital organs and stores minerals

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62
Q

osseous tissue

A

bones

one of the hardest materials in the body

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63
Q

How are bones formed?

A

before birth-ossification; cartilage is formed in the fetus; osteoblasts (immature bone cells) gradually replace the cartilage with bone; osteocytes are in a fully adult bone and help to maintain it.

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64
Q

Bone categories

A

long bones; short bones; flat bones; irregular bones

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65
Q

long bones

A

longer than they are wide

femur, humerus

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66
Q

short bones

A

roughly as long as they are wide

carpals, tarsals

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67
Q

Irregular bones

A

shapes are very irregular

vertebrae

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68
Q

flat bones

A

usually plate-shaped bones

sternum, scapulae, pelvis

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69
Q

description of long bones (in depth)

A

These bones have similar structure with a central shaft or diaphysis that widens at each end, which is called epiphysis. Each epiphysis is covered by a layer of cartilage called articular cartilage to prevent the bone from rubbing directly on a bone. The remaining surface is covered with a thin connective tissue membrane called periosteum, which contains numerous blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels.

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70
Q

articular cartilage

A

prevents bone from rubbing directly on bone

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71
Q

periosteum

A

a thin connective tissue membrane covering each bone. It contains numerous blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels.

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72
Q

cortical or compact bone

A

dense and hard exterior surface bone

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73
Q

cancellous or spongy bone

A

found inside the bone. Spongy bone has spaces in it, giving it a spongelike appearance.

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74
Q

red bone marrow

A

Manufactures most of the blood cells and is found in some parts of all bones.

75
Q

medullary cavity

A

the center of the diaphysis contains an open canal which is called the medullary cavity

76
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

early in life this cavity also contains red bone marrow, but as we age the red bone marrow of the medullary cavity gradually converts to yellow bone marrow, which consists primarily of fat cells.

77
Q

process

A

a general term for any bony projection

78
Q

head

A

the head is a large, smooth, ball-shaped end on a long bone. It may be separated from the body or shaft of the bone by a narrow area called the neck.

79
Q

condyle

A

refers to a smooth, rounded portion at the end of a bone.

80
Q

epicondyle

A

a projection located above or on a condyle

81
Q

trochanter

A

refers to a large rough process for the attachment of a muscle

82
Q

tubercle

A

a small, rough process that provides the attachment of tendons and muscles

83
Q

tuberosity

A

large, rough process that provides the attachment of tendons and muscles

84
Q

sinus

A

a hollow cavity within a bone

85
Q

foramen

A

smooth, round opening for nerves and blood vessels

86
Q

fossa

A

consists of a shallow cavity or depression on the surface of a bone.

87
Q

fissure

A

a slit-type opening

88
Q

two divisions of the human skeleton

A

axial skeleton

appendicular skeleton

89
Q

Axial skeleton

A

includes bones of the head, neck, spine, chest and trunk of the body. These bones form the central axis for the whole body and protect many of the internal organs such as the brain, lungs, and heart.

90
Q

Head or skull divisions

A

cranium and facial bones

91
Q

Cranium bones

A

the cranium encases the brain and consists of the frontal, parietal, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital bones.

92
Q

Facial bones

A

the facial bones surround the mouth, nose, and eyes and include the mandible, maxilla, zygomatic, vomer, palatine, nasal and lacrimal bones.

93
Q

hyboid bone

A

a single u-shaped bone suspended in the neck between the mandible and larynx. It is a point of attachment for swallowing and speech muscles.

94
Q

truck of the body consists of:

A

vertebral column, sternum, and rib cage

95
Q

five sections of the vertebral or spinal column

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

96
Q

intervertebral disk

A

located between each pair of vertebrae from the cervical through the lumbar. Each disk is composed of fibrocartilage to provide a cushion between the vertebrae

97
Q

Rib cage

A

12 pairs of ribs attached at the back to the vertebral column. 10 of the pairs are also attached to the sternum in the front. The lowest two pairs are called floating ribs and are attached only to the vertebral column. The rib cage serves yo provide support for organs such as the heart and lungs.

98
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

consists of the pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle and lower extremities. These are the bones for our appendages or limbs along with the muscles attached to them, they are responsible for body movement.

99
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

clavicle and scapula bones

100
Q

Upper extremities

A

humerus, ulna, radius, carpus, metacarpus, and phalanges

101
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

also called the os coxae or the innominate bone or hipbone. It contains the ilium, ischium and pubis. It articulates the sacrum posteriorly to attach to the lower extremity, or leg, to the axial skeleton.

102
Q

lower extremities

A

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges.

103
Q

Joints

A

formed when two or more bones meet also an articulation

104
Q

three types on joints based on the amount of movement allowed between the bones

A

synovial joints
cartilaginous joints
fibrous joints

105
Q

Synovial joints

A

freely moving and enclosed by an elastic joint capsule. The joint capsule is lines with synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.
ex: ball and socket joint found at the shoulder and hip. The ball rotating in the socket allows for a wide range of motion. Bands of strong connective tissue called ligaments bind bones together at the joint

106
Q

bursa

A

in some synovial joints. A saclike structure composed of connective tissue and lines with synovial membrane. Bursa’s function to reduce friction.

107
Q

Fibrous joints

A

allows almost no movement since the ends of the bones are joined by thick fibrous tissue, which may even fuse into solid bone. The sutures of the skull are an example of a fibrous joint.

108
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

allow for slight movement but hold bones firmly in place by a solid piece of cartilage. The pubic symphysis, the point at which the left and right pubic bones meet in the front of the lower abdomen.

109
Q

erythr/o

A

red

110
Q

-centesis

A

puncture to withdraw fluid

111
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

112
Q

-genic

A

producing

113
Q

-gram

A

record

114
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

115
Q

-iatry

A

medical treatment

116
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

117
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

118
Q

-malacia

A

abnormal softening

119
Q

-metry

A

process of measuring

120
Q

-oma

A

tumor

121
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

122
Q

-otomy

A

cutting into

123
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

124
Q

-scopic

A

pertaining to visually examining

125
Q

-scopy

A

process of visually examining

126
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing

127
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

128
Q

anti-

A

against

129
Q

bi-

A

two

130
Q

ex-

A

outward

131
Q

inter-

A

between

132
Q

intra-

A

within

133
Q

non-

A

not

134
Q

per-

A

through

135
Q

sub-

A

under

136
Q

arthalgia

A

joint pain

137
Q

bursistis

A

inflammation of the bursa

138
Q

callus

A

the mass of bone tissue that forms at a fracture site during healing

139
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of the cartilage

140
Q

crepitation

A

the noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together in conditions such as arthritis

141
Q

ostealgia

A

bone pain

142
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

143
Q

synovitis

A

inflammation of the synovial membrane

144
Q

closed fracture

A

fracture in which there is no open skin wound. Also, called a simple fracture

145
Q

colles’ fracture

A

a common type of wrist fracture

146
Q

comminuted fracture

A

fracture in which the bone is shattered, splintered or crushed into many small pieces or fragments

147
Q

compound fracture

A

fracture in which the bone has broken through the skin. Also called an open fracture

148
Q

compression fracture

A

fracture involving loss of height of a vertebral body. It may be the result of trauma, but in older people especially women, it may be caused by conditions like osteoporosis

149
Q

fracture

A

a broken bone

150
Q

greenstick fracture

A

fracture in which there is an incomplete break; one side of one is broken and the other side is bent. This type of fracture is commonly found in children due to their softer and more pliable bone structure.

151
Q

impacted fracture

A

fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into each other

152
Q

oblique fracture

A

fracture at an angle to the bone

153
Q

pathologic fracture

A

fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone

154
Q

spiral fracture

A

fracture in which the fracture line spirals around the shaft of the bone. Can be caused by a twisting injury and is often slower to heal than other types of fractures.

155
Q

stress fractures

A

a slight fracture caused by repetitive low-impact forces, like running, rather than a single forceful impact.

156
Q

transverse fracture

A

complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angles to the long axis of the bone

157
Q

chondroma

A

a tumor, usually benign, that forms in cartilage

158
Q

ewing’s sarcoma

A

malignant growth found in the shaft of long bones that spreads through the periosteum. Removal is the treatment of choice because this tumor will metastasize or spread to other organs.

159
Q

exostosis

A

a bony, outward projection from the surface of a bone; also called a bone spur

160
Q

myeloma

A

a tumor that forms in bone marrow tissue

161
Q

osteochondroma

A

a tumor, usually benign, that consists of both bone and cartilage tissue

162
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

the most common type of bone cancer. Usually begins in osteocytes found at the ends of long bones.

163
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of the bones caused by a deficiency of calcium. It is thought to be caused by insufficient sunlight and vitamin D in children

164
Q

osteopathy

A

a general term for bone disease

165
Q

osteoporosis

A

decrease in bone mass producing a thinning and weakening of the bone with resulting fractures. The bones become more porous, especially in the spine and pelvis.

166
Q

paget’s disease

A

a fairly common metabolic disease of the bone from unknown causes. It usually attacks middle-aged and older adults and is characterized by bone destruction and deformity.

167
Q

rickets

A

deficiency in calcium and vitamin D found in early childhood that results in bone deformities, especially bowed legs

168
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

inflammatory spinal condition resembling rheumatoid arthritis and results in gradual stiffening and fusion of the vertebrae. More common in men than in women.

169
Q

herniated nucleus pulposus

A

herniation or protrusion of an intervertebral disk, also called herniated disk or ruptured disk. May require surgery.

170
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine. Also known as hunchback or humpback.

171
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine. Also known as swayback

172
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

173
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital anomaly occurring when a vertebra fails to fully form around the spinal cord.

174
Q

spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the spinal canal causing pressure on the cord and nerves

175
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

the forward sliding of a lumbar vertebra over the vertebra below it

176
Q

spondylosis

A

specifically refers to ankylosing of the spine, but commonly used in reference to any degenerative condition of the vertebral column.

177
Q

whiplash

A

cervical muscle and ligament sprain or strain as a result of a sudden movement forward and backward of the head and neck. Can occur as a result of a rear-end auto collision

178
Q

bunion

A

inflammation of the bursa of the first metatarsophalangeal joint

179
Q

osteoarthritis

A

arthritis resulting in degeneration of the bones and joints, especially those bearing weight. Results in bone rubbing against bone. Also called degenerative joint disease

180
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic form of arthritis with inflammation of the joints, swelling, stiffness, pain and changes int eh cartilage that can result in crippling deformities; considered to be an autoimmune disease.

181
Q

sprain

A

damage to the ligaments surrounding a joint due to overstretching, but no dislocation of the joint or fracture of the bone.

182
Q

subluxation

A

an incomplete dislocation, the joint alignment is disrupted, but the ends of the bones remain in contact.

183
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of connective tissue affecting many systems that may include joint pain and arthritis. May be mistaken fro rheumatoid arthritis

184
Q

talipes

A

congenital deformity causing misalignment of the ankle joint and foot. Also referred to as a clubfoot.

Fall Semester 2017 (26 decks)

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