Medical Terminology Chapter 11 Flashcards
acr/o
extremities
aden/o
gland
adren/o
adrenal glands
adrenal/o
adrenal glands
andr/o
male
calc/o
calcium
estr/o
female
crin/o
secrete
gonad/o
sex glands
iod/o
iodine
kal/i
potassium
ket/o
ketones
mineral/o
minerals, electrolytes
natr/o
sodium
ovari/o
ovary
pancreat/o
pancreas
pineal/o
pineal gland
parathyroid/o
parathyroid gland
pituitar/o
pituitary gland
radi/o
radiation
somat/o
body
thym/o
thymus gland
thyr/o
thyroid gland
thyroid/o
thyroid gland
toxic/o
poison
-dipsia
thirst
-emic
pertaining to a blood condition
-pressin
to press down
-tropic
pertaining to stimulating
-tropin
to stimulate
What does the endocrine system consist of?
two adrenal glands, two ovaries (female), four parathyroid glands, pancreas, pineal gland, pituitary gland, two testes (male), thymus gland, thyroid gland
Sections of the adrenal gland…
adrenal cortex (outer portion) and adrenal medulla (inner portion)
parathyroid gland
regulates calcium in the blood
pancreas
the exocrine portion releases digestive enzymes through a duct into the duodenum of the small intestine. The endocrine sections produce insulin and glucagon.
ovaries
produce estrogen and progesterone
pineal gland
secretes melatonin that helps to govern our 24 hour clock
pituitary gland
divided into two lobes (anterior and posterior) which are controlled by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain active in regulating automatic body responses
testes
produce male gametes, sperm and testosterone
thymus gland
secretes thymosin, for proper development of the immune system
thyroid gland
produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine. They help to regulate the production of energy and heat in the body to adjust the body’s metabolic rate.
the study of the endocrine system
endocrinology
the master endocrine gland
pituitary
general term for the sexual organs that produce gametes
gonads
term for the hormones produced by the outer layer of the adrenal cortex
corticosteroids
an inadequate supply of what hormone causes diabetes insipidus
antidiuretic hormone
mast/o
breast
opthalm/o
eye
or/o
mouth
retin/o
retina
vas/o
vessel
-ectomy
surgical removal
-edema
swelling
-emic
pertaining to a blood condition
-prandial
pertaining to a meal
-pressin
to press down
adrenal
pertaining to the adrenal gland
ovarian
pertaining to the ovary
pancreatic
pertaining to the pancreas
thyroidal
pertaining to the thyroid gland
testicular
pertaining to the testes
thymic
pertaining to the thymus gland
adrenomegaly
one or both adrenal glands enlarged
edema
condition in which the body tissues contain excessive amounts of fluid
exophthalmos
condition in which the eyeballs protrude, such as in Graves’ disease. This is generally caused by an overproduction of thyroid hormone.
Cushing’s disease
overactive adrenal cortex
goiter
enlarged thyroid
acromegaly
enlarged bone of head and extremities
gigantism
excessive groth hormone in a child
myxedema
insufficient thyroid hormone in an adult
diabetes mellitus
disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
diabetes insipidus
may cause polyuria and polydipsia
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
an autoimmune disease
Graves’ disease
hyperthyroidism
Addison’s disease
underactive adrenal cortex
Protein-bound iodine test
measures T4 concentration in the blood
fasting blood sugar
measures blood sugar level after 12-hour fast
radioimmunoassay
measures levels of hormones in the blood
thyroid scan
uses radioactive iodine
2 hour postprandial glucose tolerance test
test of glucose metabolism two hours after eating a meal
glucose tolerance test
determines glucose metabolism after patient receives a measured dose of glucose
glucometer
instrument to measure blood glucose
chemical thyroidectomy
used instead of a surgical procedure
