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Fall Semester 2017 > Medical Terminology Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Body organization levels

A

cells, tissues, organs, systems, body

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2
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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3
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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4
Q

anter/o

A

front

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5
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

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6
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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7
Q

caud/o

A

tail

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8
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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9
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

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10
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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11
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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12
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

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13
Q

crur/o

A

leg

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14
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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15
Q

dermat/o

A

skin

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16
Q

dist/o

A

away from

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17
Q

dors/o

A

back

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18
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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19
Q

epitheli/o

A

epithelium

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20
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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21
Q

glute/o

A

buttock

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22
Q

gynec/o

A

woman

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23
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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24
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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25
Q

immun/o

A

protection

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26
Q

infer/o

A

below

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27
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

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28
Q

larng/o

A

larynx

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29
Q

later/o

A

side

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30
Q

lumb/o

A

loin (low back)

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31
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

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32
Q

medi/o

A

middle

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33
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

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34
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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35
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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36
Q

opthalm/o

A

eye

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37
Q

orth/o

A

straight, upright

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38
Q

ot/o

A

ear

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39
Q

pariet/o

A

caviety wall

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40
Q

ped/o

A

foot

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41
Q

pelv/o

A

pelvis

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42
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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43
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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44
Q

poster/o

A

back

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45
Q

proct/o

A

rectum and anus

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46
Q

proxim/o

A

near to

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47
Q

pub/o

A

genital region

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48
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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49
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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50
Q

spin/o

A

spine

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51
Q

super/o

A

above

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52
Q

thorac/o

53
Q

ur/o

54
Q

urin/o

55
Q

vascul/o

A

blood vessel

56
Q

ventr/o

57
Q

vertebr/o

58
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organ

59
Q

cytology

A

study of cells and their functions

60
Q

Cells will all have what during their life cycle?

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane

61
Q

histology

A

study of tissue

62
Q

How is a tissue formed?

A

a tissue is formed when like cells are grouped together and function together to perform a specific activity.

63
Q

What are the types of tissues in the body?

A

muscular tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue and nervous tissue

64
Q

what are muscle fibers?

A

individual muscle cells

65
Q

What is muscular tissue?

A

it produces movement in the body through contraction, or shortening in length and is composed of individual muscle cells called muscle fibers

66
Q

What are the basic types of muscles that are formed from muscle tissue?

A

skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, or cardiac muscle

67
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

attached to bone

68
Q

smooth muscle

A

found in internal organs such as the intestine, uterus, and blood vessels

69
Q

cardiac muscle

A

found only in the heart

70
Q

epithelial tissue

A

or epithelium is found throughout the body and is composed of close-packed cells that form the covering for and lining of body structures. It may form a protective barrier, epithelial tissue may be specialized to absorb substances, secrete substances or excrete wastes.

71
Q

connective tissue

A

the supporting and protecting tissue in body structures. It performs many different functions depending on its location, it appears in many different forms so that each is able to perform the task required at the location.

72
Q

nervous tissue

A

is composed of cells called neurons. This tissue forms the brain, spinal cord, and a network of nerves throughout the entire body, allowing for the conduction of electrical impulses to send information between the brain and the rest of the body.

73
Q

Explain organs

A

organs are composed of several different types of tissue that work as a unit to perform special functions

74
Q

explain system

A

a system is composed of several organs working in a coordinated manner to perform a complex function or functions.

75
Q

Integumentary system

A

specialty-dermatology
word parts= -ary (pertaining to); dermat/o (skin); -logy (study of)
structures-skin; hair; nails; sweat glands; sebaceous glands
functions- forms protective two-way barrier and aids in temperature regulation

76
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

specialty- orthopedics; orthopedic surgery
word parts= muscol/o (muscle); -al (pertaining to); orth/o (straight); ped/o (foot); -ic (pertaining to)
structures-bones, joints, muscles
functions-skeleton supports and protects the body, forms blood cells and stores minerals. Muscles produce movement

77
Q

cardiovascular system

A

specialty- cardiology
word parts = cardi/o (heart); vascul/o (blood vessel); -ar (pertaining to); -logy (study of)
structures-heart, arteries, veins
functions-pumps blood throughout the entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen and wastes

78
Q

blood (hematic system)

A

specialty-hematology
word parts= hemat/o (blood); -ic (pertaining to); -logy (study of)
structures-plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes; platelets
functions-transports oxygen, protects against pathogens and controls bleeding

79
Q

lymphatic system

A

S-immunology
WP-lymph/o (lymph; -atic (pertaining to); immun/o (protection); -logy (study of)
ST-lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils
F-protects the body from disease and invasion from pathogens

80
Q

respiratory system

A

S-otorhinolaryngology; pulmonology; thoracic surgery
WP–ory (pertaining to); ot/o (ear); rhin/o (nose); laryn/o (larynx); pulmon/o (lung); thorac/o (chest); -ic (pertaining to); logy (study of)
ST-nasal cavity; pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchial tubes; lungs
F-obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body.

81
Q

digestive or gastrointestinal system (GI)

A

S- gastroenterology; proctology
WP-gastr/o (stomach); enter/o (small intestine); proct/o (rectum and anus); -al (pertaining to); logy (study of)
ST-oral cavity, pharnyx, esophagus; stomach, small intestine; colon; liver; gallbladder; pancreas; salivary glands
F-ingests, digests and absorbs nutrients for the body

82
Q

urinary system

A

S-nephrology; urology
WP- urin/o (urine); -ary (pertaining to); nephr/o (kidney); ur/o (urine); logy (study of)
ST-kidney, ureters; urinary bladder, urethra
F-filters waste products out of the blood and removes them from the body

83
Q

Female reproductive system

A

S-gynecology; obstetrics
WP-gynec/o (female); logy (study of)
ST-ovary; fallopian tubes; uterus; vagina; vulva; breasts
F-produces eggs for reproduction and provides place for growing baby

84
Q

Male reproductive system

A

S-urology
WP- urin/o (urine); logy (study of)
ST-testes; epididymis; vas deferens; penis; seminal vesicles; prostate gland; bulbourethral gland
F-produces sperm for reproduction

85
Q

endocrine system

A

S-endocrinology
WP- endo (within); crin/o (to secrete); -ine (pertaining to); -logy (study of)
ST- pituitary gland; pineal gland, thyroid gland; parathyroid gland; thymus gland; adrenal glands; pancreas; ovaries; testes
F-regulates metabolic activities of the body

86
Q

nervous system

A

S-neurology; neurodurgery
WP- -ous (pertaining to); neur/o (nerve); -logy (study of)
ST-brain, spinal cord, nerves
F-receives sensory information and coordinates the body’s response

87
Q

special senses-eye

A

S-ophthalmology
WP- ophthmal/o (eye); -logy (study of)
ST-eye
F-vision

88
Q

special senses - ear

A

S-otorhinolaryngology
WP- ot/o (ear); rhin/o (nose); laryn/o (larynx); -logy (study of)
ST-ear
F-hearing and balance

89
Q

abdominal region

A

WP-abdomin/o (abdomen); -al (pertaining to)

D-abdomen; on anterior side of trunk

90
Q

brachial region

A

WP- brachi/o (arm); -al (pertaining to)

D-upper extremities or arms

91
Q

cephalic region

A

WP- cephal/o (head); -ic (pertaining to)

D-head

92
Q

cervical region

A

WP - cervic/o (neck); -al (pertaining to)

D-neck, connects head to trunk

93
Q

crural region

A

WP - crur/o (leg); -al (pertaining to)

D-lower extremities or legs

94
Q

dorsum

A

WP- dors/o (back of body)

D-back; on posterior side of trunk

95
Q

gluteal region

A

WP - glute/o (buttock); -al (pertaining to)

D-buttocks; on posterior side of trunk

96
Q

pelvic region

A

WP- pelv/o (pelvis); -ic (pertaining to)

D- pelvis; on anterior side of trunk

97
Q

pubic region

A

WP - pub/o (genital); -ic (pertaining to)

D-region containing external genitals; on anterior side of trunk

98
Q

thoracic region

A

WP - thorac/o (chest); - ic (pertaining to)

D- chest; on anterior side of trunk; also called thorax

99
Q

trunk

A

contains all body regions other than head, neck and extremities; also called torso

100
Q

vertebral region

A

WP-vertebr/o (vertebra); -al (pertaining to)

D-overlies spinal column or vertebrae; on posterior side of trunk

101
Q

body cavities

A

abdominal cavity, abdominopelvic cavity; cranial cavity, diaphragm; mediastinum, parietal layer, parietal peritoneum, parietal pleura, pelvic cavity, pericardial cavity, peritoneum, pleura, pleural cavity, spinal cavity, thoracic cavity, viscera, visceral layer, visceral peritoneum, visceral pleura

102
Q

What are the four major cavity groups

A

two dorsal cavities and two ventral cavities

103
Q

Dorsal cavities include what?

A

cranial cavity, containing the brain, and the spinal cavity, containing the spinal cord

104
Q

Ventral cavities include what?

A

the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity

105
Q

diaphragm

A

is an actual physical wall between the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity

106
Q

mediastinum

A

is a central region between the two lungs in the thoracic cavity

107
Q

diaphragm is used for what?

108
Q

abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided how?

A

into a superior abdominal cavity and an inferior pelvic cavity

109
Q

viscera

A

the organs within the ventral cavities are referred to as a group as the internal organs or viscera

110
Q

parietal layers

A

the outer layer that lines the cavities in the ventral cavity
ex: parietal pleura and parietal peritoneum

111
Q

visceral layer

A

the inner layer that encases the viscera

ex: visceral pleura and visceral peritoneum

112
Q

How is the thoracic cavity subdivided?

A

pleura subdivides it forming the pleural cavity (containing the lungs) and the pericardial cavity (containing the heart)

113
Q

anatomical divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

right hypochondriac region; epigastric region, left hypochondriac region; right lumbar region, umbilical region; left lumbar region; right inguinal region, hypogastric region; left inguinal region

114
Q

right hypochondriac region includes:

A

right lateral region of upper row beneath the ribs

115
Q

epigastric region

A

middle area of upper row above the stomach

116
Q

left hypochondriac region

A

left lateral region of the upper row beneath the lower ribs

117
Q

right lumbar region

A

right lateral region of the middle row at the waist

118
Q

umbilical region

A

central area over the navel

119
Q

left lumbar

A

left lateral region of the middle row at the waist

120
Q

right inguinal region

A

right lateral region of the lower row at the groin

121
Q

hypogastric region

A

middle region of the lower row beneath the navel

122
Q

left inguinal

A

left lateral region of the lower row at the groin

123
Q

clinical divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant; left lower quadrant

124
Q

right upper quadrant

A

contains majority of liver, gallbladder, small portion of pancreas, right kidney, small intestines and colon

125
Q

right lower quadrant

A

contains small intestine and colon, right ovary, and fallopian tube, appendix and right ureter

126
Q

left upper quadrant

A

contains small portion of liver, spleen, stomach, majority of pancreas, left kidney, small intestines, and colon

127
Q

left lower quadrant

A

contains small intestine and colon, left ovary and fallopian tube and left ureter

128
Q

middle organs

A

uterus, bladder, prostate gland

Fall Semester 2017 (26 decks)

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