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Fall Semester 2017 > Medical Terminology Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

primary structures in the integumentary system

A

skin, hair, nails, subaceous glands, sweat glands

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2
Q

albin/o

A

white

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3
Q

cauter/o

A

to burn

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4
Q

cry/o

A

cold

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5
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

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6
Q

derm/o

A

skin

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7
Q

dermat/o

A

skin

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8
Q

diaphor/o

A

profuse sweating

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9
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

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10
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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11
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

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12
Q

ichthy/o

A

scaly, dry

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13
Q

kerat/o

A

hard, horny

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14
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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15
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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16
Q

melan/o

A

black

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17
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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18
Q

necr/o

A

death

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19
Q

onych/o

A

nail

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20
Q

pedicul/o

A

lice

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21
Q

phot/o

A

light

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22
Q

py/o

A

pus

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23
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

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24
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

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25
Q

scler/o

A

hard

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26
Q

seb/o

A

oil

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27
Q

system/o

A

system

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28
Q

trich/o

A

hair

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29
Q

ungu/o

A

nail

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30
Q

vesic/o

A

sac, bladder

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31
Q

xer/o

A

dry

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32
Q

-derma

A

skin condition

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33
Q

allo-

A

other, different from usual

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34
Q

xeno-

A

foreign

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35
Q

-gen

A

that which produces

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36
Q

the skin’s accessory organs

A

sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair and nails

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37
Q

alternate terms for skin

A

integument and cutaneous membrane

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38
Q

what do sensory receptors do?

A

detect temperature, pain, touch and pressure

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39
Q

Layers of skin

A

superficial epidermis and deeper dermis and subcutaneous layer

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40
Q

Dermis layers of the skin

A

hypodermis or subcutaneous layer (not truly a layer, but assists in the functions of the skin)

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41
Q

What type of tissue is in the epidermis?

A

stratified squamous epithelium. It consists of flat scale-like cells arranged in overlapping layers of strata.It does not have a blood supply or any connective tissue, so it is dependent for nourishment on the deeper layers of skin.

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42
Q

Deepest layer of epidermis

A

basal layer

Cells continually grow and multiply in this layer. New cells push old cells to surface.

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43
Q

keratin

A

hard protein

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44
Q

dermis

A

also called corium

middle layer of skin, located between the epidermis and the subcutaneous layer

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45
Q

What is dermis made of?

A

connective tissue and collagen fibers

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46
Q

collagen fibers

A

are made from a strong, fibrous protein, present in connective tissue, forming a flexible “glue” that gives connective tissue its strength.

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47
Q

lipocytes

A

fat cells

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48
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer made of?

A

lipocytes

a layer that separates the dermis from the deeper tissues

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49
Q

How is hair formed?

A

the deeper cells in the hair root force older keratinized cells to move upward, forming the hair shaft. The hair shaft grows toward the skin surface within the hair follicle.

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50
Q

What gives hair color?

A

melanin

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51
Q

arrector pili

A

each hair has a small slip of smooth muscle attached to it.

When this muscle contracts the hair shaft stands up, resulting in “goose bumps”.

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52
Q

nail body

A

a flat plate of keratin that covers the ends of fingers and toes

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53
Q

nail bed

A

the nail body is connected to the tissue underneath by the nail bed

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54
Q

nail root

A

base of the nail and is covered and protected by the soft tissue cuticle.

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55
Q

free edge of nail

A

is the exposed edge that is trimmed when nails become too long.

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56
Q

lunula of nail

A

the light-colored half-moon area at the base of the nail.

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57
Q

sebum

A

sebaceous glands, found in the dermis, secrete the oil sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin, thereby helping to prevent drying and cracking.

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58
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

sweat glands

about 2 million in the body

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59
Q

sweat duct

A

sweat travels to the surface of the skin in a sweat duct

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60
Q

sweat pore

A

the surface opening of a sweat duct

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61
Q

perspiration

A

sweat

It contains a small amount of waste product but is normally colorless and odorless

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62
Q

apocrine glands

A

are sweat glands in the pubic and underarm areas that secrete a thicker sweat, which can produce an odor when it comes into contact with bacteria on the skin. Recognized as body odor

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63
Q

The only living layer of the epidermis

A

dermis

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64
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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65
Q

bas/o

A

base

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66
Q

cortic/o

A

outer layer

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67
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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68
Q

esthesi/o

A

feeling

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69
Q

septic/o

A

infection

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70
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

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71
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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72
Q

-ia

A

state, condition

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73
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

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74
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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75
Q

-malacia

A

abnormal softening

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76
Q

-opsy

A

view of

77
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

78
Q

-phagia

A

eat, swallow

79
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

80
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

81
Q

-ule

A

small

82
Q

anti-

A

against

83
Q

auto-

A

self

84
Q

de-

A

without

85
Q

epi-

A

above

86
Q

para-

A

beside

87
Q

sub-

A

under

88
Q

cutaneous

A

cutane/o-skin
-ous-pertaining to
pertaining to the skin

89
Q

dermal

A

derm/o

pertaining to the skin

90
Q

epidermal

A

epi-above
derm/o-skin
pertaining to upon the skin

91
Q

hypodermic

A

hypo-below
derm/o-skin
pertaining to under the skin

92
Q

intradermal

A

intra-within
derm/o-skin
pertaining to within the skin

93
Q

subcutaneous

A

sub-under

pertaining to under the skin

94
Q

ungual

A

ungu/o-nail

pertaining to the nails

95
Q

plastic surgery

A

surgical specialty involved in repair, reconstruction or improvement of the body structures

96
Q

abrasion

A

a scraping away of the skin surface by friction

97
Q

comedo

A

collection of hardened sebum in hair follicle. Also, called a blackhead

98
Q

anhidrosis

A

an-without
hidr/o-sweat
osis-abnormal condition
abnormal condition of no sweat

99
Q

contusion

A

injury caused by a blow to the body; causes swelling, pain and bruising. The skin is not broken.

100
Q

cyst

A

fluid-filled sac under the skin

101
Q

depigmentation

A

de-without

loss of normal skin color or pigment

102
Q

diaphoresis

A

diaphor/o-profuse sweating

profuse sweating

103
Q

ecchymosis

A

-osis-abnormal condition

skin discoloration caused by blood collecting under the skin following blunt trauma to the skin. A bruise.

104
Q

erythema

A

erythr/o-red
hem/o-blood
redness or flushing of the skin

105
Q

erythroderma

A

erythr/o-red

the condition of having reddened or flushed skin

106
Q

eschar

A

a thick layer of dead tissue and tissue fluid that develops over a deep burn area

107
Q

fissure

A

crack-like lesion or groove on the skin

108
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive hair growth over the body

109
Q

hyperemia

A

hyper-excessive
emia-blood condition
redness of the skin due to increased blood flow

110
Q

hyperhidrosis

A

hyper-excessive
hidr/o-sweat
-osis-abnormal condition
abnormal condition of excessive sweat

111
Q

hyperpigmentation

A

abnormal amount of pigmentation in the skin

112
Q

ichthyoderma

A

ichthy/o-scaly, dry

the condition of having scaly and dry skin

113
Q

lesion

A

general term for a wound, injury or abnormality

114
Q

leukoderma

A

leuk/o-white

having skin that appears white because the normal skin pigment is absent. May be all of the skin or just some

115
Q

lipoma

A

fatty mass

116
Q

macule

A

flat, discolored area that is flush with the skin surface. An example would be a freckle or birthmark

117
Q

necrosis

A

necr/o-death

abnormal condition of death

118
Q

nevus

A

pigmented skin blemish, birthmark or mole. Usually benign but may become cancerous

119
Q

nodule

A

-ule-small

firm, solid mass of cells in the skin larger than .5 cm in diameter

120
Q

onychomalacia

A

onchy/o-nail
malacia-abnormal softening
softening of the nails

121
Q

pallor

A

abnormal paleness of the skin

122
Q

papule

A

small, solid, circular raised spot on the surface of the skin less than .5 cm in diameter

123
Q

petechiae

A

pinpoint purple or red spots from minute hemorrhages under the skin

124
Q

photosensitivity

A

condition in which the skin reacts abnormally when exposed to light, such as the ultraviolet rays of the sun

125
Q

pruritus

A

severe itching

126
Q

purpura

A

hemorrhages into the skin due to fragile blood vessels that appear dark brown/purplish. Commonly seen in older adults

127
Q

purulent

A

containing pur or an infection that is producing pus. Pus consists of dead bacteria, white blood cells and tissue debris

128
Q

pustule

A

raised spot on the skin containing pus

129
Q

pyoderma

A

py-pus

presence of pus on or in the layers of skin. A sign of a bacterial infection.

130
Q

scleroderma

A

scler/o-hard

a condition in which the skin has lost its elasticity and become hardened.

131
Q

seborrhea

A

oily discharge

132
Q

suppurative

A

containing or producing pus

133
Q

ulcer

A

open sore or lesion in skin or mucous membrane

134
Q

urticaria

A

also called hives; a skin eruption of pale reddish wheals with severe itching. Usually associated with food allergy, stress, or drug reactions

135
Q

vesicle

A

vesic/o-sac

a blister; small, fluid-filled raised spot on the skin

136
Q

wheal

A

small, round, swollen area on the skin; typically seen in allergic skin reactions such as hives and usually accompanied by urticaria

137
Q

xeroderma

A

xer/o-dry

condition in which the skin is abnormally dry

138
Q

abscess

A

a collection of pus in the skin

139
Q

acne

A

inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles resulting in papules and pustules

140
Q

acne rosacea

A

chronic form of acne seen in adults involving redness, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels, primarily on the nose and cheeks

141
Q

acne vulgaris

A

common form of acne seen in teenagers. Characterized by comedos, papules, and pustules

142
Q

albinism

A

a genetic condition in which the body is unable to make melanin. Characterized by white hair and skin and red pupils due to the lack of pigment. The person with albinism is called an albino

143
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A 
bas/o-base
-al-pertaining to
carcin/o-cancer
-oma-tumor
cancerous tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis.  A frequent type of skin cancer that rarely metastasizes or spreads.  These cancers can arise on sun-exposed skin.
144
Q

burn

A

damage to the skin that can result from exposure to open fire, electricity, UV light from the sun, or caustic chemicals. Seriousness depends on the amount of body surface involved and the depth of the burn as determined by the amount of damage to each layer. Skin and burns are categorized as first degree, second degree or third degree.

145
Q

cellulitis

A

a diffuse, acute infection and inflammation of the connective tissue found in the skin

146
Q

cicatrix

A

scar

147
Q

decubitus ulcer

A

open sore caused by pressure over bony prominences cutting off the blood flow to the overlying skin.
ex-bedridden patients (bedsore or pressure sore)

148
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

149
Q

dermatosis

A

general term indicating the presence of an abnormal skin condition

150
Q

dry gangrene

A

late stages of gangrene characterized by the affected area becoming dried, blackened, and shriveled; referred to as mummified

151
Q

eczema

A

superficial dermatitis of unknown cause accompanied by redness, vesicles, itching and crusting

152
Q

gangrene

A

tissue necrosis usually due to deficient blood supply

153
Q

ichthyosis

A

condition in which the skin becomes dry, scaly and keratinized.

154
Q

impetigo

A

a highly infectious bacterial infection of the skin with pustules that rupture and become crusted over.

155
Q

kaposi’s sarcoma

A

form of skin cancer frequently seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Consists of brownish-purple papules that spread from the skin and metastasize to internal organs.

156
Q

keloid

A

formation of a raised and thickened hypertrophic scar after an injury or surgery

157
Q

keratosis

A

kerat/o-hard, horny

term for any skin condition involving an overgrowth and thickening of the epidermis layer

158
Q

laceration

A

a torn or jagged wound; incorrectly used to describe a cut

159
Q

malignant melanoma

A

melan/o-black
dangerous form of skin cancer caused by an uncontrolled growth of melanocytes. May quickly metastasize or spread to internal organs

160
Q

pediculosis

A

pedicul/o-lice

infestation with lice. The eggs laid by the lice are called nits and cling tightly to the hair

161
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic inflammatory condition consisting of papules forming “silvery scale” patches with circular borders

162
Q

rubella

A

contagious viral skin infection. Commonly called German Measles

163
Q

scabies

A

contagious skin disease caused by an egg-laying mite that burrows through the skin and causes redness and intense itching, often seen in children

164
Q

sebaceous crust

A

sac under the skin filled with sebum or oil from a sebaceous gland. This can grow to a large size and may need to be excised.

165
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

cancer of the epidermis layer of skin that may invade deeper tissue and metastasize. Often begins a s a sore that does not heal.

166
Q

strawberry hemangioma

A

hem/o-blood
angi/o-vessel
-oma-mass
congenital collection of dilated blood vessels causing a red birthmark that fades a few months after birth

167
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

chronic disease of the connective tissue that injures the skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system and mucous membranes. This is an autoimmune condition meaning that the body’s own immune system attacks normal tissue of the body. May produce a characteristic red, scaly butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose.

168
Q

tinea

A

fungal skin disease resulting in itching, scaling lesions.

169
Q

tinea capitis

A

fungal infection of the scalp. Commonly called ringworm

170
Q

tinea pedis

A

fungal infection of the foot. Commonly called athlete’s foot

171
Q

varicella

A

contagious viral skin infection. Commonly called chickenpox

172
Q

verruca

A

commonly called warts; a benign growth caused by a virus. Has a rough surface that is removed by chemicals and/or laser therapy

173
Q

vitiligo

A

disappearance of pigment from the skin in patches, causing a milk-white appearance. Also called leukoderma

174
Q

wet gangrene

A

an area of gangrene that becomes secondarily infected by pus-producing bacteria

175
Q

alopecia

A

absence or loss of hair, especially of the head

176
Q

carbuncle

A

furuncle involving several hair follicles

177
Q

furuncle

A

bacterial infection of a hair follicle. Characterized by redness, pain and swelling. Also called a boil

178
Q

trichomycosis

A

trich/o-hair
myc/o-fungus
abnormal condition of hair fungus

179
Q

onychia

A

infected nail bed

180
Q

onychomycosis

A

onych/o-nail
myc/o-fungus
abnormal condition of nail fungus

181
Q

onychophagia

A

onych/o-nail
-phagia-eat, swallow
nail eating (nail biting)

182
Q

paronychia

A

para-beside
onych/o-nail
infection of the skin fold around a nail

183
Q

allograft

A

allo-other

skin graft from one person to another; donor is usually a cadaver. Also called homograft (homo-same)

184
Q

autograft

A

skin graft from a person’s own body

185
Q

dermatome

A

derm/o-skin
tome-instrument to cut
instrument for cutting the skin or thin transplants of skin

186
Q

dermatoplasty

A

dermat/o-skin
plasty-surgical repair
skin grafting; transplantation of skin

187
Q

skin graft

A

transfer of skin from a normal area to cover another site. Used to teat burn victims and after some surgical procedures. Also called dermatoplasty.

188
Q

xenograft

A

xeno-foreign

skin graft from an animal of another species

Fall Semester 2017 (26 decks)

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