Medical Terminology Chapter 3 Flashcards
primary structures in the integumentary system
skin, hair, nails, subaceous glands, sweat glands
albin/o
white
cauter/o
to burn
cry/o
cold
cutane/o
skin
derm/o
skin
dermat/o
skin
diaphor/o
profuse sweating
electr/o
electricity
erythr/o
red
hidr/o
sweat
ichthy/o
scaly, dry
kerat/o
hard, horny
leuk/o
white
lip/o
fat
melan/o
black
myc/o
fungus
necr/o
death
onych/o
nail
pedicul/o
lice
phot/o
light
py/o
pus
rhytid/o
wrinkle
sarc/o
flesh
scler/o
hard
seb/o
oil
system/o
system
trich/o
hair
ungu/o
nail
vesic/o
sac, bladder
xer/o
dry
-derma
skin condition
allo-
other, different from usual
xeno-
foreign
-gen
that which produces
the skin’s accessory organs
sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair and nails
alternate terms for skin
integument and cutaneous membrane
what do sensory receptors do?
detect temperature, pain, touch and pressure
Layers of skin
superficial epidermis and deeper dermis and subcutaneous layer
Dermis layers of the skin
hypodermis or subcutaneous layer (not truly a layer, but assists in the functions of the skin)
What type of tissue is in the epidermis?
stratified squamous epithelium. It consists of flat scale-like cells arranged in overlapping layers of strata.It does not have a blood supply or any connective tissue, so it is dependent for nourishment on the deeper layers of skin.
Deepest layer of epidermis
basal layer
Cells continually grow and multiply in this layer. New cells push old cells to surface.
keratin
hard protein
dermis
also called corium
middle layer of skin, located between the epidermis and the subcutaneous layer
What is dermis made of?
connective tissue and collagen fibers
collagen fibers
are made from a strong, fibrous protein, present in connective tissue, forming a flexible “glue” that gives connective tissue its strength.
lipocytes
fat cells
What is the subcutaneous layer made of?
lipocytes
a layer that separates the dermis from the deeper tissues
How is hair formed?
the deeper cells in the hair root force older keratinized cells to move upward, forming the hair shaft. The hair shaft grows toward the skin surface within the hair follicle.
What gives hair color?
melanin
arrector pili
each hair has a small slip of smooth muscle attached to it.
When this muscle contracts the hair shaft stands up, resulting in “goose bumps”.
nail body
a flat plate of keratin that covers the ends of fingers and toes
nail bed
the nail body is connected to the tissue underneath by the nail bed
nail root
base of the nail and is covered and protected by the soft tissue cuticle.
free edge of nail
is the exposed edge that is trimmed when nails become too long.
lunula of nail
the light-colored half-moon area at the base of the nail.
sebum
sebaceous glands, found in the dermis, secrete the oil sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin, thereby helping to prevent drying and cracking.
sudoriferous glands
sweat glands
about 2 million in the body
sweat duct
sweat travels to the surface of the skin in a sweat duct
sweat pore
the surface opening of a sweat duct
perspiration
sweat
It contains a small amount of waste product but is normally colorless and odorless
apocrine glands
are sweat glands in the pubic and underarm areas that secrete a thicker sweat, which can produce an odor when it comes into contact with bacteria on the skin. Recognized as body odor
The only living layer of the epidermis
dermis
angi/o
vessel
bas/o
base
cortic/o
outer layer
cyt/o
cell
esthesi/o
feeling
septic/o
infection
-ectomy
surgical removal
-emia
blood condition
-ia
state, condition
-iasis
abnormal condition
-itis
inflammation
-malacia
abnormal softening
-opsy
view of
-osis
abnormal condition
-phagia
eat, swallow
-plasty
surgical repair
-tome
instrument to cut
-ule
small
anti-
against
auto-
self
de-
without
epi-
above
para-
beside
sub-
under
cutaneous
cutane/o-skin
-ous-pertaining to
pertaining to the skin
dermal
derm/o
pertaining to the skin
epidermal
epi-above
derm/o-skin
pertaining to upon the skin
hypodermic
hypo-below
derm/o-skin
pertaining to under the skin
intradermal
intra-within
derm/o-skin
pertaining to within the skin
subcutaneous
sub-under
pertaining to under the skin
ungual
ungu/o-nail
pertaining to the nails
plastic surgery
surgical specialty involved in repair, reconstruction or improvement of the body structures
abrasion
a scraping away of the skin surface by friction
comedo
collection of hardened sebum in hair follicle. Also, called a blackhead
anhidrosis
an-without
hidr/o-sweat
osis-abnormal condition
abnormal condition of no sweat
contusion
injury caused by a blow to the body; causes swelling, pain and bruising. The skin is not broken.
cyst
fluid-filled sac under the skin
depigmentation
de-without
loss of normal skin color or pigment
diaphoresis
diaphor/o-profuse sweating
profuse sweating
ecchymosis
-osis-abnormal condition
skin discoloration caused by blood collecting under the skin following blunt trauma to the skin. A bruise.
erythema
erythr/o-red
hem/o-blood
redness or flushing of the skin
erythroderma
erythr/o-red
the condition of having reddened or flushed skin
eschar
a thick layer of dead tissue and tissue fluid that develops over a deep burn area
fissure
crack-like lesion or groove on the skin
hirsutism
excessive hair growth over the body
hyperemia
hyper-excessive
emia-blood condition
redness of the skin due to increased blood flow
hyperhidrosis
hyper-excessive
hidr/o-sweat
-osis-abnormal condition
abnormal condition of excessive sweat
hyperpigmentation
abnormal amount of pigmentation in the skin
ichthyoderma
ichthy/o-scaly, dry
the condition of having scaly and dry skin
lesion
general term for a wound, injury or abnormality
leukoderma
leuk/o-white
having skin that appears white because the normal skin pigment is absent. May be all of the skin or just some
lipoma
fatty mass
macule
flat, discolored area that is flush with the skin surface. An example would be a freckle or birthmark
necrosis
necr/o-death
abnormal condition of death
nevus
pigmented skin blemish, birthmark or mole. Usually benign but may become cancerous
nodule
-ule-small
firm, solid mass of cells in the skin larger than .5 cm in diameter
onychomalacia
onchy/o-nail
malacia-abnormal softening
softening of the nails
pallor
abnormal paleness of the skin
papule
small, solid, circular raised spot on the surface of the skin less than .5 cm in diameter
petechiae
pinpoint purple or red spots from minute hemorrhages under the skin
photosensitivity
condition in which the skin reacts abnormally when exposed to light, such as the ultraviolet rays of the sun
pruritus
severe itching
purpura
hemorrhages into the skin due to fragile blood vessels that appear dark brown/purplish. Commonly seen in older adults
purulent
containing pur or an infection that is producing pus. Pus consists of dead bacteria, white blood cells and tissue debris
pustule
raised spot on the skin containing pus
pyoderma
py-pus
presence of pus on or in the layers of skin. A sign of a bacterial infection.
scleroderma
scler/o-hard
a condition in which the skin has lost its elasticity and become hardened.
seborrhea
oily discharge
suppurative
containing or producing pus
ulcer
open sore or lesion in skin or mucous membrane
urticaria
also called hives; a skin eruption of pale reddish wheals with severe itching. Usually associated with food allergy, stress, or drug reactions
vesicle
vesic/o-sac
a blister; small, fluid-filled raised spot on the skin
wheal
small, round, swollen area on the skin; typically seen in allergic skin reactions such as hives and usually accompanied by urticaria
xeroderma
xer/o-dry
condition in which the skin is abnormally dry
abscess
a collection of pus in the skin
acne
inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles resulting in papules and pustules
acne rosacea
chronic form of acne seen in adults involving redness, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels, primarily on the nose and cheeks
acne vulgaris
common form of acne seen in teenagers. Characterized by comedos, papules, and pustules
albinism
a genetic condition in which the body is unable to make melanin. Characterized by white hair and skin and red pupils due to the lack of pigment. The person with albinism is called an albino
basal cell carcinoma
bas/o-base -al-pertaining to carcin/o-cancer -oma-tumor cancerous tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis. A frequent type of skin cancer that rarely metastasizes or spreads. These cancers can arise on sun-exposed skin.
burn
damage to the skin that can result from exposure to open fire, electricity, UV light from the sun, or caustic chemicals. Seriousness depends on the amount of body surface involved and the depth of the burn as determined by the amount of damage to each layer. Skin and burns are categorized as first degree, second degree or third degree.
cellulitis
a diffuse, acute infection and inflammation of the connective tissue found in the skin
cicatrix
scar
decubitus ulcer
open sore caused by pressure over bony prominences cutting off the blood flow to the overlying skin.
ex-bedridden patients (bedsore or pressure sore)
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
dermatosis
general term indicating the presence of an abnormal skin condition
dry gangrene
late stages of gangrene characterized by the affected area becoming dried, blackened, and shriveled; referred to as mummified
eczema
superficial dermatitis of unknown cause accompanied by redness, vesicles, itching and crusting
gangrene
tissue necrosis usually due to deficient blood supply
ichthyosis
condition in which the skin becomes dry, scaly and keratinized.
impetigo
a highly infectious bacterial infection of the skin with pustules that rupture and become crusted over.
kaposi’s sarcoma
form of skin cancer frequently seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Consists of brownish-purple papules that spread from the skin and metastasize to internal organs.
keloid
formation of a raised and thickened hypertrophic scar after an injury or surgery
keratosis
kerat/o-hard, horny
term for any skin condition involving an overgrowth and thickening of the epidermis layer
laceration
a torn or jagged wound; incorrectly used to describe a cut
malignant melanoma
melan/o-black
dangerous form of skin cancer caused by an uncontrolled growth of melanocytes. May quickly metastasize or spread to internal organs
pediculosis
pedicul/o-lice
infestation with lice. The eggs laid by the lice are called nits and cling tightly to the hair
psoriasis
chronic inflammatory condition consisting of papules forming “silvery scale” patches with circular borders
rubella
contagious viral skin infection. Commonly called German Measles
scabies
contagious skin disease caused by an egg-laying mite that burrows through the skin and causes redness and intense itching, often seen in children
sebaceous crust
sac under the skin filled with sebum or oil from a sebaceous gland. This can grow to a large size and may need to be excised.
squamous cell carcinoma
cancer of the epidermis layer of skin that may invade deeper tissue and metastasize. Often begins a s a sore that does not heal.
strawberry hemangioma
hem/o-blood
angi/o-vessel
-oma-mass
congenital collection of dilated blood vessels causing a red birthmark that fades a few months after birth
systemic lupus erythematosus
chronic disease of the connective tissue that injures the skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system and mucous membranes. This is an autoimmune condition meaning that the body’s own immune system attacks normal tissue of the body. May produce a characteristic red, scaly butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose.
tinea
fungal skin disease resulting in itching, scaling lesions.
tinea capitis
fungal infection of the scalp. Commonly called ringworm
tinea pedis
fungal infection of the foot. Commonly called athlete’s foot
varicella
contagious viral skin infection. Commonly called chickenpox
verruca
commonly called warts; a benign growth caused by a virus. Has a rough surface that is removed by chemicals and/or laser therapy
vitiligo
disappearance of pigment from the skin in patches, causing a milk-white appearance. Also called leukoderma
wet gangrene
an area of gangrene that becomes secondarily infected by pus-producing bacteria
alopecia
absence or loss of hair, especially of the head
carbuncle
furuncle involving several hair follicles
furuncle
bacterial infection of a hair follicle. Characterized by redness, pain and swelling. Also called a boil
trichomycosis
trich/o-hair
myc/o-fungus
abnormal condition of hair fungus
onychia
infected nail bed
onychomycosis
onych/o-nail
myc/o-fungus
abnormal condition of nail fungus
onychophagia
onych/o-nail
-phagia-eat, swallow
nail eating (nail biting)
paronychia
para-beside
onych/o-nail
infection of the skin fold around a nail
allograft
allo-other
skin graft from one person to another; donor is usually a cadaver. Also called homograft (homo-same)
autograft
skin graft from a person’s own body
dermatome
derm/o-skin
tome-instrument to cut
instrument for cutting the skin or thin transplants of skin
dermatoplasty
dermat/o-skin
plasty-surgical repair
skin grafting; transplantation of skin
skin graft
transfer of skin from a normal area to cover another site. Used to teat burn victims and after some surgical procedures. Also called dermatoplasty.
xenograft
xeno-foreign
skin graft from an animal of another species
