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Fall Semester 2017 > Medical Terminology Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

alges/o

A

sense of pain

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2
Q

astr/o

A

star

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3
Q

centr/o

A

center

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4
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

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5
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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6
Q

clon/o

A

rapid contracting and relaxing

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7
Q

concuss/o

A

to shake violently

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8
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater

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9
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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10
Q

esthesi/o

A

sensation, feeling

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11
Q

gli/o

A

glue

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12
Q

medull/o

A

medulla oblongata

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13
Q

mening/o

A

meninges

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14
Q

meningi/o

A

meninges

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15
Q

ment/o

A

mind

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16
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

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17
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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18
Q

peripher/o

A

away from center

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19
Q

poli/o

A

gray matter

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20
Q

pont/o

A

pons

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21
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root

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22
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus

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23
Q

thec/o

A

sheath (meninges)

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24
Q

tom/o

A

to cut

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25
Q

ton/o

A

tone

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26
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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27
Q

central nervous system consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

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28
Q

nervous tissue has two basic types of cells

A

neuron and neuroglial cells

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29
Q

neurons have three basic parts

A

dendrites, a nerve cell body and an axon

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30
Q

myelin

A

fatty substance that acts as insulation for many axons so that thy conduct electrical impulses faster. Produced by some neuroglial cells

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31
Q

Explain gray matter and white matter

A

gray matter-unsheathed or uncovered cell bodies & dendrites.
white matter-myelinated nerve fibers

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32
Q

tracts

A

bundles of nerve fibers interconnecting different parts of the CNS

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33
Q

meninges

A

membranes that encase and protect the CNS

34
Q

four sections of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon and brain stem

35
Q

cerebrum

A

largest section of the brain; processes thoughts, judgement, memory, problem solving and language.

36
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer layer of the cerebrum and composed of folds of gray matter.

37
Q

gyri

A

elevated portions of the cerebrum, or convolutions.

38
Q

sulci

A

fissures or valleys

39
Q

hemispheres and lobes of cerebrum

A

cerebral hemispheres; frontal lobe (motor function, personality, & speech); parietal lobe (receives & interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors and interprets language); occipital lobe (controls vision); temporal lobe (controls hearing & smell)

40
Q

diencephalon

A

below the cerebrum; thalamus & hypothalamus

41
Q

thalamus

A

composed of gray matter & acts as a center for relaying impulses from the eyes, ears, & skin to the cerebrum. Pain perception is controlled here.

42
Q

hypothalamus

A

below the thalamus; controls body temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emotions. It is responsible for controlling the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, digestive system & the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

43
Q

cerebellum

A

2nd largest, located beneath the posterior part of the cerebrum. Aids in coordinating voluntary body movements, maintaining balance & equilibrium. It refines the muscular movement that is initiated in the cerebrum

44
Q

3 components of brain stem

A

midbrain, pons & medulla oblongata

45
Q

midbrain

A

acts as a pathway for impulses to be conducted between the brain & the spinal cord

46
Q

pons

A

“bridge” connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain

47
Q

medulla oblongata

A

connects the brain tot he spinal cord. Contains the centers that control respiration, heart rate, temperature, & blood pressure. It’s where the nerves cross over…the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body & vice versa

48
Q

ascending tracts in the spinal cord

A

carries sensory information up to the brain

49
Q

descending tracts

A

carries motor commands down from the brain to a peripheral nerve

50
Q

spinal cord

A

provides a pathway for impulses traveling to and from the brain.

51
Q

Layers of meninges from external to internal

A

dura mater: “tough mother”; tough fibrous sac around the cns
subdural space: actual space between the dura mater & arachnoid layers
arachnoid layer: “spiderlike”; thin, delicate layer attached to the pia mater by weblike filaments
subarachnoid space: space between arachnoid & pia mater; contains cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain from the outside
pia mater: “soft mother”; innermost layer & applied directly to the surface of the brain & spinal cord

52
Q

2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

53
Q

Efferent or Motor neurons

A

neurons that carry impulses away from the brain & spinal cord

54
Q

afferent or sensory neurons

A

neurons that carry impulses to the brain & spinal cord

55
Q

Pertaining to the brain

A

encephalic

56
Q

pertaining to within the skull

A

intracranial

57
Q

intrathecal

A

pertaining to within the meninges, specifically the subdural or subarachnoid space

58
Q

subdural

A

pertaining to under the dura mater

59
Q

the cerebrum & spinal cord

A

cerebrospinal

60
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination

61
Q

cephalalgia

A

headache

62
Q

dysphasia

A

difficulty communicating verbally or in writing due to damage of the speech or language centers in the brain

63
Q

aura

A

sensations before a seizure

64
Q

meningitits

A

inflammation of the meninges

65
Q

coma

A

profound unconsciousness

66
Q

shingles

A

Herpes zoster infection

67
Q

syncope

A

fainting

68
Q

palsy

A

loss of ability to control movement

69
Q

absence seizure

A

seizure without convulsion

70
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

seizure with convulsions

71
Q

meningocele

A

congenital hernia of meninges

72
Q

concussion

A

mild traumatic brain injury

73
Q

brain scan

A

diagnostic image made with radioactive isotopes

74
Q

lumbar puncture

A

obtains CSF from around spinal cord

75
Q

cerebral angiography

A

x-ray of brain’s blood vessels

76
Q

EEG

A

record of brain’s electrical activity

77
Q

PET scan

A

image made by measuring gamma rays

78
Q

nerve block

A

regional injection of anesthetic

79
Q

neurorrhaphy

A

suture together sheath around a nerve

80
Q

myelogram

A

x-ray of spinal cord

Fall Semester 2017 (26 decks)

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