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do these cards > me again, get studying these pls x > Flashcards

me again, get studying these pls x Flashcards

1
Q

Complications of pneumonia

A 
PEASAP
Pneumothorax 
Empyema 
Abscess
Septicaemia
AF 
Post-infective bronchiectasis
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2
Q

Investigation of empyema

A

Thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis

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3
Q

CURB65 0-1

A

Home with amoxcillin/macrolide for 5 days

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4
Q

CURB65 2

A

Hospital with dual antibiotic therapy amoxicillin and macrolide 7-10 days

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5
Q

CURB65 3+

A

Hospital/ITU with dual antibiotic therapy macrolide and co-amoxiclav/ceftriaxone/tazocin

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6
Q

U of CURB65

A

Blood urea nitrogen over 7mmol/l

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7
Q

R of CURB65

A

RR over 30

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8
Q

B of CURB65

A

Less than 90/60

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9
Q

Acute pneumonia investigations

A

ABG, Bloods, Blood Culture, Sputum culture. PCR, Urine antigen and CXR
PUB CABS

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10
Q

PUB CABS

A

PCR for mycoplasma
Urine antigen for legionella/pneumococcal
Bloods
CXR for lobar, multi-lobar, cavitation, pleural effusion
ABGs
Blood culture
Sputum

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11
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammatory condition of the lungs leading to fluid and blood cells leaking into alveoli, spread leads to consolidation

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12
Q

Legionella pneumonia results

A

Hyponatraemia, deranged LFTs and legionella antigen in urine

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13
Q

Cavitating pneumonia and red-currant sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

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14
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii results

A

Silver stain showing cysts

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15
Q

Rash associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Erythema multiforme

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16
Q

Difference between HAP and CAP

A

HAP tends to be gram negative such as klebsiella and e. coli

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17
Q

Bilateral cavitating bronchopneumonia

A

Staphylococcal pneumonia

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18
Q

3 most common pneumonia causes

A

Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and mycoplasma pnuemoniae

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19
Q

3 most common pneumonia causes

A

Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and mycoplasma pnuemoniae

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20
Q

Raised ALP suggest

A

Posthepatic obstruction

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21
Q

Drugs that can cause haemolysis

A

Anti-malarials

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22
Q

Gilberts syndrome

A

Causes jaundice you don’t need to treat, liver functions well but bilirubin is building up. Decreased activity of glucuronyl transferase

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23
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Symptoms someone with neuroendocrine tumours may experience

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24
Q

Level of plasma bilirubin that may lead to visible jaundice

A

35 micromol/l

25
Q

Gilbert’s syndrome pattern of inheritance

A

Autosomal recessive

26
Q

Urine urobilinogen absent

A

post-hepatic jaundice

27
Q

Blood bilirubin raised

A

Prehepatic jaundice

28
Q

Urine bilirubin absent

A

Prehepatic jaundice

29
Q

H pylori eradication trio

A

Amoxicillin, clarithromycin and PPI

30
Q

H pylori eradication trio in penicillin allergy

A

Metronidazole, clarithromycin and PPI

31
Q

Urine in prehepatic jaundice

A

Absent bilirubin and increased urobilinogen

32
Q

Urine in posthepatic jaundice

A

Bilirubin present and urobilinogen decreased

33
Q

Urine in hepatic jaundice

A

Bilirubin present and urobilinogen increased

34
Q

Pale stools and dark urine

A

Cholestasis - large amounts of bilirubin entering circulation and not gut

35
Q

Diagnostic markers for acute pancreatitis

A

serum amylase and lipase

36
Q

Chylomicrons

A

Carry triglycerides in lymph

37
Q

Chole cysto kinin

A

bile sac move

38
Q

Simulates CCK action

A

Fatty acids in chyme

39
Q

Metclopramide

A

Dopamine antagonist that relaxes LOS and increases motility

40
Q

Enterochromaffin-like cells

A

Release histamine when stimulated by gastrin

41
Q

Atropine

A

Antagonist of muscarinic receptors and blocks action of Ach

42
Q

Side effects of SAMAs

A

Constipation, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, blurred vision, dry eyes, tachycardia, urinary retention etc
BLIND AS A BAT, DRY AS A BONE, FULL AS A FLASK, HOT AS A HARE, MAD AS A HATTER

43
Q

Methylxanthines

A

Inhibit phophodiesterase and block adenosine receptors

44
Q

Treatment for theophylline toxicity

A

Activated charcoal and haemodialysis

45
Q

pus and red inflammation cause by antibiotics

A

pseudomembranous colitis

46
Q

red inflammation, fewer inflammatory cells and crypt irregularity caused by poor perfusion

A

ischaemic colitis

47
Q

normal endoscopy, thick basement membrane >2-3microns, patchy, watery diarrhoea

A

collagenous colitis

48
Q

surface epithelial injury, prominent lymphocytic infiltration and increased lamina prioria mononuclear cells

A

lymphocytic colitis

49
Q

collagenous colitis

A

thickened sub epithelial collagen layer adjacent to basal membrane

50
Q

type 1 respiratory failure

A

low oxygen

51
Q

type 2 respiratory failure

A

low oxygen high co2

52
Q

pulmonary fibrosis and lung compliance

A

decreases lung compliance

53
Q

tb hypersensitivity type

54
Q

TB immune mediated

A

T-cell mediated

55
Q

troponin regulates calcium dependent contraction in which types of muscle

A

skeletal and cardiac

56
Q

what regulates calcium dependent contraction in most smooth muscles? i

A

calmodulin

57
Q

first line coeliac investigation

58
Q

goblet cells in crohns

59
Q

goblet cells in UC

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