here

Question 1

Albumin functions

Answer 1

Protein produced by liver that maintains intravascular oncotic pressure and transports water-insoluble substances such as bilirubin

Question 2

bile consists of

Answer 2

water, electrolytes, bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and coagulated bilirubin

Question 3

Transudate

Answer 3

Pushed from vessel due to high pressure within

Question 4

Exudate

Answer 4

Fluid that leaks around cells, caused by inflammation

Question 5

Cor pulmonale

Answer 5

Abnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart due to lung or blood vessel disease

Question 6

What separates the subclavian artery from the subclavian vein?

Answer 6

Scalenus anterior

Question 7

C. difficile

Answer 7

Gram-positive bacillus

Question 8

E. Coli

Answer 8

Gram-negative bacillus

Question 9

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 9

Gram-negative cocci

Question 10

S. aureus

Answer 10

Gram-positive cocci

Question 11

Histology of coeliac disease

Answer 11

Villous atrophy, raised intra-epithelial lymphocytes and crypt hyperplasia

Question 12

Histology of peptic ulcer disease

Answer 12

Mucosal defect in muscularis mucosa and lamina propria

Question 13

Histology of crohn’s disease

Answer 13

Transmural inflammation with granulomas and lymphoid aggregates

Question 14

Histology of adenoma/adenocarcinoma

Answer 14

Cells with hyperchromatic nuclei forming irrgular gland-like structures

Question 15

AV node supplied by

Answer 15

Right coronary artery

Question 16

Level of coeliac trunk

Answer 16

T12

Question 17

Level of superior mesenteric artery

Answer 17

L1

Question 18

Level of inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 18

L3

Question 19

Type of necrosis that affects the heart

Answer 19

Coagulative

Question 20

Vitamin K dependent clotting factor

Answer 20

II, VII, IX, X

Question 21

Warfarin mechanism of action

Answer 21

Inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase and therefore preventing gamma-carboxylation of vitamin k dependent clotting factors

Question 22

How can chronic pancreatitis lead to diabetes?

Answer 22

Destruction of islets of Langerhans cells

Question 23

Direct inguinal hernia passes through

Answer 23

Transversalis fascia and superficial inguinal ring

Question 24

If a hernia reappears on occlusion of the deep inguinal canal

Answer 24

It is direct

Question 25

VSD heart sound

Answer 25

Pan-systolic murmur

Question 26

ASD

Answer 26

Ejection systolic murmur

Question 27

Restrictive spirometry

Answer 27

Low FVC and FEV1 but normal FEV1/FVC ratio

Question 28

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Answer 28

Diastolic dysfunction

Question 29

decrescendo early diastolic murmur

Answer 29

aortic regurgitation

Question 30

low-pitched rumbling mid-diastolic murmur over apex

Answer 30

mitral stenosis

Question 31

test of choice for diagnosis of carcinoid tumour

Answer 31

Urine 5-IHAA

Question 32

Striated muscle

Answer 32

Skeletal and cardiac

Question 33

Muscle innervated by somatic nervous system

Answer 33

Skeletal

Question 34

Glandular growth

Answer 34

Adenoma

Question 35

Squamous growth

Answer 35

Papilloma

Question 36

Fat growth

Answer 36

Lipoma

Question 37

Skeletal muscle growth

Answer 37

Rhabdomyoma

Question 38

Smooth muscle growth

Answer 38

Leiomyoma