also these Flashcards
How does omeprazole work?
inhibits H+/K+-ATPase, which is found in parietal cells
The Bainbridge reflex
increase in heart rate mediated via atrial stretch receptors that occurs following a rapid infusion of blood
rheumatic fever acts via
molecular mimicry
molecular mimicry
a cross-reaction between the host cell and microbial agents which leads to autoimmunity
Bystander activation
cytokines released by antigen-presenting cells don’t only interact with the intended T-cell but end up activating “bystander” T-cells, leading to autoimmune destruction.
exposure to cryptic antigens
self-epitopes, which are usually removed and destroyed via apoptosis by T-reg cells are termed cryptic because they are not detected. Therefore, auto-reactive T-cells are not destroyed and join the periphery, causing autoimmunity.
Super-antigens
a class of antigens that cause excessive activation of T-cells, leading to autoimmune destruction of tissues.
viral persistence
viral infections where the virus is not cleared completely but remains in specific cells of infected individuals.
action of atrial natriuretic peptide
angiotensin II antagonist
elevated in post hepatic jaundice
Alkaline phosphatase
Reduce effectiveness of gastric mucosal barrier
salicylates such as apririn
colipase
prevents inhibitory effect of bile salts on lipase-catalysed hydrolysis of triglyceride fats
site of bile acid reabsorption
terminal ileum
reabsorbed bile acids enter
enterohepatic circulation to the liver
isoap
Ipratropium, salbutamol, oxygen, amoxicillin and prednisolone
