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do these cards > hi, these too x > Flashcards

hi, these too x Flashcards

1
Q

Mantoux test

A

Tests for TB

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2
Q

Suspected legionnaire’s disease

A

Urinary antigen enzyme immunoassay test

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3
Q

Stimulates activation of central chemoreceptors

A

Hydrogen ions

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4
Q

Pre-hepatic jaundice

A

Excessive RBC breakdown overwhelms the liver’s ability to conjugate bilirubin

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5
Q

Pre-hepatic jaundice type of bilirubin

A

Unconjugated

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6
Q

Hepatic jaundice type of bilirubin

A

Both

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7
Q

Post-hepatic jaundice type of bilirubin

A

conjugated

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8
Q

Post hepatic jaundice cause

A

Pathway of bilirubin in biliary tree is obstructed, conjugated bilirubin seeps into bloodstream

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9
Q

Pre hepatic jaundice cause

A

Excessive RBC breakdown overwhelms liver with unconjugated bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin seeps into bloodstream

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10
Q

Hepatic jaundice cause

A

Liver itself is impaired and cannot conjugate bilirubin OR pressure in liver is to high

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11
Q

Frank-starling law

A

As end-diastolic volume increases, stroke volume increases

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12
Q

Protein digested by

A

Pepsin

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13
Q

Pepsin secreted by

A

Chief cells in the stomach

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14
Q

Bradykinin

A

Vasodilator

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15
Q

2 ways angiotensin II increases BP

A

Acts on receptors in vascular smooth muscle AND stimulates aldosterone production that increases water reabsorption

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16
Q

Glucose travels from lumen via

A

active transport via SGLT1

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17
Q

Pancreatic lipase

A

Hydrolyses triglycerides into 2-monoglyceride and 2 free fatty acids

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18
Q

Trypsinogen

A

Activated in SI to trypsin which activates chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin. BUT MAINLY THEY DIGEST PROTEINS INTO PEPTIDES

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19
Q

Amylase

A

Hydrolyses starch to maltose

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20
Q

Law of LaPlace

A

Smaller the radius of a sphere (alveoli lol) the greater the surface tension and collapsing pressure

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21
Q

Presence of surfactant, why?

A

Reduces surface tension and reduces collapsing pressure aaaaand improves lung compliance

22
Q

Peripheral chemoreceptors

A

Carotid bodies and aortic arch

23
Q

An excess of saline reduces

A

Haemoglobin concentration

24
Q

Adult respiratory distress syndrome caused by

A

Destruction of alveolar endothelium by neutrophils

25
Q

Citric acid cycle location

A

Mitochondrial matrix

26
Q

The T lymphocytes activated in asthma mainly belong to ____ variant

A

Th2

27
Q

Sarcomeres

A

Contractile units of cardiac myocytes

28
Q

SPP: For every 1 ATP used

A

3 sodium out 2 potassium in

29
Q

Ryanodine receptors

A

Hold calcium in intracellular stores

30
Q

Ryanodine receptors activated by

A

Calcium ions entering the L-type DHPR calcium channel from extracellular space

31
Q

Isovolumetric contraction

A

All valves closed and ventricles contract

32
Q

Isovolumetric relaxation

A

All valves closed and ventricles relax

33
Q

Angiotensin II stimulates

A

Secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex

34
Q

Spironolactone and eplerenone

A

Aldosterone receptor antagonists

35
Q

Ticagrelor

A

P2Y12 receptor antagonist which reduces platelet aggregation and thrombus formation

36
Q

LV ejection fraction

A

SV divided by end-diastolic volume

37
Q

SV =

A

end-diastolic volume - end-systolic volume

38
Q

Use ACE inhibitors for hypertension

A

Under 55s and t2 diabetics

39
Q

Blood flow =

A

Change in pressure / resistance

40
Q

5 Fs of gall stone risk

A 
Fat 
Female 
Fertile
Fair
Forty
41
Q

Worse after fatty foods

A

Biliary colic

42
Q

reactive hyperaemia

A

vasodilation and transient increase in blood flow that occurs in response to tissue ischaemia

43
Q

vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

A

a protein expressed on the endothelial cells of the internal surface of blood vessels in response to pro-atherosclerotic conditions, not expressed under baseline

44
Q

Inferior MI artery

A

Right coronary artery

45
Q

Inferior Mi leads

A

II, III and avf

46
Q

Lateral MI artery

A

left circumflex

47
Q

Lateral MI leads

A

I, V5-6

48
Q

Rovsings sign

A

Appendicitis, palpation in the left lower quadrant of a patient’s abdomen causes pain in the right lower quadrant

49
Q

Murphys sign

A

Gallbladder inflammation, upper border of the examiner’s hand in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen under the rib cage. Inhalation causes the gallbladder to descend which catches on the fingers causing pain.

50
Q

Thiazide / thiazide like drugs

A

inhibits sodium reabsorption by blocking the Na+-Cl− symporter at the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule

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