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15th April Flashcards

1
Q

Cholestatic LFTs

A

Alkaline phosphatase and GGT

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2
Q

Hepatocellular or hepatic LFTs

A

ALT

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3
Q

Liver damage tests

A

ALT/AST, ALP, GGT

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4
Q

Liver damage LFT results

A

Increased ALT/AST

Normal ALP and GGT

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5
Q

Cholestasis LFT results

A

Normal ALT/AST

Increased ALP/GGT

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6
Q

Rheumatic fever results from infection with

A

Group A streptococcus

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7
Q

Hi

A

Hello

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8
Q

Yellow men and women in their 70s and 80s

A

Pancreatic cancer / cholangiocarcinoma

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9
Q

Signs of infective endocarditis

A 
JORS 
Janeway lesions 
Osler nodes 
Roth spots 
Splinter haemorrhages
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10
Q

Duke’s criteria

A

Assesses Infective endocarditis

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11
Q

2 causes of infective endocarditis

A

Presence of organism

Abnormal cardiac endothelium

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12
Q

Usual antibiotic treatment for severe pneumonia

A

IV co-amoxiclav and IV clarithromycin

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13
Q

Cavitating, upper lobes and redcurrant sputum

A

Klebsiella

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14
Q

Legionella blood results

A

Lymphoma, hyponatraemia and deranged LFTs

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15
Q

2 types of adrenoceptor found in blood vessels

A

Alpha 1 adrenoceptors and beta 2 adrenoceptors

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16
Q

Adrenoceptors

A

G-protein coupled receptors targeted by noradrenaline and adrenaline

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17
Q

Funny current

A

Slow continuous flow of sodium ions into resting cardiomyocytes in pacemaker regions, allows cells to depolarise spontaneously

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18
Q

Length of axon difference para and symp

A 
Para = long pre and short post 
Symp = short pre and long post
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19
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter

A

Ach only

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20
Q

Sympathetic neurotransmitter

A

Ach and then noradrenaline

21
Q

Silver stain

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

22
Q

Vessels of the superior mediastinum

A

Aortic arch, Brachiocephalic veins, Superior vena cava, azygous vein arch

23
Q

Bicuspid valve

24
Q

Inlets into the RA

A

IVC, SVC and cardiac veins

25
Q

Bronchomotortone is maintained by

A

Vagaries efferents

26
Q

co2 forms of carrying

A

bicarbonate, carbamino compounds and in solution

27
Q

Where is pancreatic lipase produced

A

Acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas

28
Q

Procolipase is activated by

29
Q

Function of pancreatic lipase

A

Hydrolyses dietary fat - triglycerides to monoglycerides

30
Q

Treatment of emphysema

A

Chest drain

31
Q

2,3 - diphosphoglycerate

A

Promotes haemoglobin transition from a high to low oxygen affinity state

32
Q

Calculating anion gap

A

(na + k) - (cl + hco3)

33
Q

Normal anion gap

34
Q

Hepcidin

A

Peptide secreted by hepatocytes that decrease no of iron transporters

35
Q

Reduced hepcidin

A

Adaptation of IDA sufferers, allows greater absorption of iron

36
Q

Patients with chronic hypercapnia are more reliant on

A

Hypoxic drive

37
Q

Chief cells secrete

A

Pepsinogen

38
Q

Gastric mucosa epithelium

A

Simple columnar

39
Q

Parietal cells produce

A

HCl and intrinsic factor

40
Q

Fluid filled cavity in the pancreas lined with granulation tissue

A

Pancreatic pseudocyst

41
Q

Symptoms of pancreatic abscess

A

Systemic fever, rigors and palpable mass

42
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Loss of lipase

43
Q

Barretts oesophagus

A

Squamous to columnar AND goblet cells

44
Q

How does the ductus arteriosus close with first breaths

A

Increased pulmonary flow enhancing prostaglandin clearance

45
Q

Hepatic artery proper provides how much liver blood supply

46
Q

How does vitamin D increase calcium absorption

A

Increases expression of calbindins

47
Q

Autoregulation

A

Mechanism that allows vascular resistance to be adjusted to maintain constant blood flow in an organ across a range of arterial pressures. KIDNEYS AND BRAIN

48
Q

Valsalva manoeuvre

A

Forceful exhalation against a closed airway to change intrathoracic pressure, affecting venous return, arterial pressure, heart rate and CO - SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

49
Q

Pellagra

A

Caused by niacin deficiency. Inflamed skin, diarrhoea, dementia and mouth sores

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