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do these cards > 16th April > Flashcards

16th April Flashcards

1
Q

Secondary peristalsis

A

Food, which doesn’t enter the stomach stimulates stretch receptors to cause peristalsiss

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2
Q

Mass movements

A

Waves migratory peristaltic waves along the entire colon to empty the organ prior to the next ingestion

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3
Q

Maltase

A

Glucose and glucose

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4
Q

Parietal cells secrete

A

HCl, Ca, Na, Mg and intrinsic factor

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5
Q

More easily absorbed, haem or non-haem iron

A

Haem

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6
Q

Non haem iron is _ and must be converted into _ for absorption

A

Fe3+ ferric, Fe2+ ferrous

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7
Q

Main regulator of iron storage

A

Hepcidin

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8
Q

Transferrin

A

Binds iron in serum

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9
Q

Hormone responsible for regulating ion exchange in the salivary glands

A

Aldosterone

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10
Q

Somatostatin

A

Inhibits pancreatic enzyme secretion, decreases gastrin and pepsinogen release, decreases insulin and glucagon secretion

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11
Q

Amount of bile produced per day

A

500-1500ml per day

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12
Q

Action of endothelin

A

Vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction

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13
Q

Atrial de or re polarisation masked by QRS?

A

re

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14
Q

Troponin

A

Complex of 3 proteins involved in skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction

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15
Q

diagnosis of sarcoidosis

A

transbrachial lung biopsy

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16
Q

J wave

A

hypercalcaemia

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17
Q

st elevation and pr depression

A

pericarditis

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18
Q

HOLDS CVD RISK

A 
Hypertension 
Obesity 
Lack of exercise 
Diabetes 
Smoking
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19
Q

What tends to be low when triglycerides are high

A

HDL cholesterol

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20
Q

More CVD events due to hypertriglyceridemia or hypercholesterolaemia

A

Hypercholestrolaemia

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21
Q

Exudate protein

A

> 30 extra

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22
Q

Transudate protein

A

<30 less

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23
Q

T1DM vomiting, not taking insulin, dehydrated, laboured breathing

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

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24
Q

Pulmonary oedema

A 
Alveolar bat's wings 
kerly B lines 
Cardiomegaly
Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels 
pleural Effusion
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25
Q

Increased ACE and Ca

A

Sarcoidosis

26
Q

Respiratory rhythm

A

Established in medulla

27
Q

Respiratory epithelium

A 
Psuedostratified 
Ciliated 
Columnar 
Epithelium with 
Goblet cells
28
Q

Henry’s law

A

Volume of gas is proportional to partial pressure of gas in equilibrium with liquid

29
Q

DIVE

A

Dorsal firing is inspiratory and ventral firing is expiratory

30
Q

Dorsal medulla firing

A

Inspiration

31
Q

Ventral medulla firing

A

Expiratory

32
Q

Ventral medulla firing

A

Expiratory

33
Q

Apneustic

A

Prolongs inspiration

34
Q

Pneumotaxic

A

Inhibits inspiration

35
Q

Qfever

A

Coxiella burnetti, sheep n al taht

36
Q

Common pneumonia cause in CF

A

Staph aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa

37
Q

Hyperexpanded chest

A

COPD and chronic asthma

38
Q

Postural flapping tremor

A

Acute CO2 retention

39
Q

Stony dull percussion

A

Pleural effusion which you mostly get in pneumonia, TB and cancers

40
Q

Why does exudative pleural effusion have higehr protein

A

Increased capillary permeability in inflammatory process

41
Q

Exudative pleural effusion causes

A

Infections, malignancies, PE, autoimmune diseases

42
Q

Transudative pleural effusion causes

A

CHF

43
Q

Fine crepitations

A

Pulmonary oedema or fibrosis

44
Q

Pleuritic chest pain

A

PE, pneumonia or pneumothorax

45
Q

4 Cs of fibrosis

A

Clubbing, Cough, Cyanosis and Crackles

46
Q

Wedge shaped infarct on chest radiograph

A

PE

47
Q

Pleural mass with lobulated margin

A

Mesothelioma

48
Q

Erythema nodosum

A

Sarcoidosis

49
Q

Fever, nightsweats, haemoptysis, anorexia

A

TB

50
Q

Swinging fever, copious foul-smelling sputum

A

Lung abscess

51
Q

Parathyroid hormone PTH

A

Controls distribution of calcium and phosphate in the body

52
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone ACTH

A

Produced by pituitary gland in response to stress, controls corticosteroid secretion

53
Q

Aspirin induced asthma

A

Samter’s triad

54
Q

Samter’s triad

A

Asthma, salicylate sensitivity and nasal polyps

55
Q

Boyle’s law

A

As gas volume increases, pressure decreases

56
Q

Middle lobe auscultation

A

Rib 4 - 6 right

57
Q

H pylori treatment

A

COMA

Clarithromycin, Omeprazole, Metronidazole/Amoxicillin

58
Q

Diagnosis of C. diff

A

Stool antigen C diff

59
Q

Treatment for TB

A 
RIPE 
Rifampicin 
Isoniazid 
Pyrazinamide 
Ethambutol
60
Q

Hernia test results

A

Direct reappears

Indirect doesn’t

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