MCQ CHAPTER 20 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

Question 1

1) Which of the following terms identifies the anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm?
a) Epicardium
b) Abdominal cavity
c) Pericardium
d) Mediastinum
e) Thoracic cavity

Answer 1

D

Question 2

2) The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the
a) pericardium.
b) pleura.
c) myocardium.
d) mediastinum.
e) endocardium.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

3) The apex of the heart is normally pointed
a) at the midline.
b) to the left of the midline.
c) to the right of the midline.
d) is different for males and females
e) posteriorly.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

4) The outermost layer of the pericardium, which consists of inelastic dense irregular connective tissue, is called the
a) parietal layer of pericardium.
b) serous pericardium.
c) fibrous pericardium.
d) epicardium.
e) endocardium.

Answer 4

C

Question 5

5) Which of the following is used to reduce friction between the layers of membranes surrounding the heart?
a) Synovial fluid
b) Endocardium
c) Pleural fluid
d) Pericardial fluid
e) Capillary endothelium

Answer 5

D

Question 6

6) Which layer of the heart wall consists of mesothelium and connective tissue?
a) Epicardium
b) Myocardium
c) Endocardium
d) Fibrous pericardium
e) None of the answer selections are correct

Answer 6

A

Question 7

) Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue?
a) Epicardium
b) Pericardium
c) Myocardium
d) Endocardium
e) Hypocardium

Answer 7

C

Question 8

8) Identify the pouch-like structure that increases the total filling capacity of the atrium.
a) Ventricle
b) Coronary sulcus
c) Fossa ovalis
d) Interatrial septum
e) Auricle.

Answer 8

E

Question 9

9) Identify the groove found on the surface of the heart and marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles.
a) Coronary sulcus
b) Anterior interventricular sulcus
c) Posterior interventricular sulcus
d) Coronary sinus
e) Anterior intraventricular sulcus

Answer 9

B

Question 10

10) Identify the muscular ridges that are found on the anterior wall of the right atrium and extend into the auricles.
a) Pectinate muscles
b) Trabeculae carneae
c) Coronary sulci
d) Papillary muscles
e) Chordae tendinae

Answer 10

A

Question 11

11) Through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
a) Bicuspid valve
b) Interventricular septum
c) Tricuspid valve
d) Mitral valve
e) Ascending aorta

Answer 11

C

Question 12

12) What type of tissue comprises the valves of the heart?
a) Dense connective tissue
b) Areolar connective tissue
c) Hyaline cartilage
d) Cardiac muscle tissue
e) Adipose tissue

Answer 12

A

Question 13

13) Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through which of the following structures?
a) Right atrium
b) Interventricular septum
c) Bicuspid valve
d) Aortic semilunar valve
e) Pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 13

D

Question 14

14) Identify the structure found in a fetus that allows blood to flow directly from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta.
a) Fossa ovalis
b) Foramen ovale
c) Trabeculae carneae
d) Descending aorta
e) Ductus arteriosus

Answer 14

E

Question 15

16) Contraction of the ventricles of the heart leads to blood moving directly
a) into arteries.
b) into capillaries.
c) into veins.
d) through an atrioventricular valve.
e) through the apex.

Answer 15

A

Question 16

17) Contraction of the atria of the heart leads to blood moving directly
a) into auricles.
b) into arteries.
c) into veins
d) through atrioventricular valves
e) through semilunar valves.

Answer 16

D

Question 17

18) Which valve below prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle?
a) Tricuspid valve
b) Bicuspid valve
c) Pulmonary semilunar valve
d) Aortic semilunar valve
e) Mitral valve

Answer 17

C

Question 18

20) What of the following chambers of the heart contain deoxygenated blood?
a) Left atrium and left ventricle
b) Left atrium only
c) Right atrium and right ventricle
d) Right ventricle only
e) Left atrium and right ventricle

Answer 18

C

Question 19

21) Which of the following blood vessel is used to distribute oxygenated blood to the myocardium?
a) Coronary artery
b) Coronary vein
c) Coronary sinus
d) Vena cava
e) Myocardial vein

Answer 19

A

Question 20

22) Cardiac muscle fibres are electrically connected to neighbouring fibres by
a) desmosomes.
b) tight junctions.
c) gap junctions.
d) interneurons.
e) chordae tendinae.

Answer 20

C

Question 21

23) Which of the following type of muscle contains the largest number of mitochondria per cell?
a) Smooth muscle
b) Skeletal muscle
c) Cardiac muscle
d) All the muscle types contain approximately the same number.
e) Mitochondria are not found in muscle cells.

Answer 21

C

Question 22

25) Which network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart?
a) Systemic circuit
b) Intercalated discs
c) Cardiovascular center
d) Cardiac conduction system
e) Pulmonary circuit

Answer 22

D

Question 23

26) Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in order to excite normal contraction of the heart?
a) Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, Atrioventricular (AV) node
b) Sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, Bundle of His
c) Purkinje fibers, AV node, SA node, Bundle of His
d) SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
e) Bundle of His, SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers

Answer 23

D

Question 24

27) In comparison to skeletal muscle fibers, the contractile fibers of the heart are depolarized for _____ period of time.
a) a shorter
b) a longer
c) the same

Answer 24

B

Question 25

28) The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute is called the
a) cardiac output.
b) cardiac input.
c) stroke volume.
d) heart rate.
e) pulse pressure.

Answer 25

A

Question 26

29) Which term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction of a chamber occurs and pressure within the chamber rises?
a) filling
b) systole
c) repolarization
d) diastole
e) fibrillation

Answer 26

B

Question 27

30) During which of the following periods does the largest volume of blood enter the arteries?
a) atrial diastole
b) ventricular diastole
c) atrial systole
d) ventricular systole

Answer 27

D

Question 28

31) The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows which of the events listed below?
a) Valvular stenosis
b) Semilunar valves opening
c) Atrioventricular valves closing
d) Semilunar valves closing
e) Atrioventricular valves opening

Answer 28

D

Question 29

32) Which structure in the heart initiates action potentials that stimulate contraction of the heart at constant rate of about 100 beats per minute?
a) Cardiac accelerator nerves
b) Atrioventricular node
c) Cardiovascular center
d) Sinoatrial node
e) Bundle of His

Answer 29

D

Question 30

33) Stimulation of which nerve reduces heart rate?
a) Cardiac accelerator nerve
b) Hypoglossal nerve
c) Spinal accessory
d) Vagus nerve
e) Phrenic nerve

Answer 30

D

Question 31

34) Which of the following would lead to a decreased heart rate?
a) Increased norepinephrine release
b) Increased thyroid hormone release
c) Increased potassium levels in plasma
d) Increased calcium levels in plasma
e) Increased sympathetic stimulation

Answer 31

C

Question 32

35) Which part of the brain contains the cardiovascular center that regulates heart rate?
a) Midbrain
b) Cerebrum
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Cerebellum
e) Thalamus

Answer 32

C

Question 33

36) Which wave in an electrocardiogram represents repolarization of the ventricles?
a) R wave
b) T wave
c) S wave
d) P wave
e) Q wave

Answer 33

B

Question 34

37) Which of the following selections lists conditions that would lead to increased stroke volume?
a) increased preload, increased afterload, increased contractility
b) decreased preload, decreased afterload, decreased contractility
c) increased preload, decreased afterload, increased contractility
d) decreased preload, increased afterload, increased contractility
e) increased preload, increased afterload, decreased contractility

Answer 34

C

Question 35

38) Which of the following electrocardiogram (EKG) waves represents atrial depolarization?
a) R wave
b) T wave
c) S wave
d) P wave
e) Q wave

Answer 35

D

Question 36

39) Which portion of the heart wall is responsible for the pumping action?
a) E
b) F
c) G
d) H
e) I

Answer 36

E

Question 37

40) In the diagram, where are the trabeculae carneae?
a) D
b) E
c) F
d) G
e) H

Answer 37

D

Question 38

41) In the diagram, where is the left auricle of the left atrium?
a) C
b) F
c) G
d) H
e) I

Answer 38

C

Question 39

42) In the diagram, which labeled structure prevents blood flow from the right ventricle back into the right atrium?
a)A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E

Answer 39

B

Question 40

43) In the diagram, which labeled structure is the pulmonary semilunar valve?
a) B
b) D
c) E
d)A
e) None of these choices

Answer 40

D

Question 41

44) In the diagram, which labeled structures are atrioventricular valves?
a) B only
b) D only
c) A and C
d) B and D
e) A, B, C and D

Answer 41

D

Question 42

47) Which phases of a heartbeat shown in the diagram involve repolarization of the heart’s four chambers?
a) 1 and 4
b) 2 and 4
c) 4 and 6
d) 1, 3, and 5
e) 1, 2, 4 and 6
f) 3 and 5

Answer 42

F

Question 43

48) Which of the labeled diagrams shows coarctation of the aorta?
a)A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E

Answer 43

A

Question 44

49) Which of the labeled diagrams shows an atrial septal defect?
a)A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E

Answer 44

C

Question 45

52) Which blood vessel shown in the figure carries oxygenated blood to the lower thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity of the body?
a)A
b) B
c) E
d) F
e) H

Answer 45

D

Question 46

53) Which labeled structure shown in the diagram is a remnant of fetal circulation that is not directly involved in adult circulation?
a)A b) B c) H d) D e) E

Answer 46

D

Question 47

54) Which labeled blood vessel in the diagram is an artery carrying deoxygenated blood?
a)A b) B c) C d) E e) I

Answer 47

D

Question 48

55) Which labeled blood vessel shown in the diagram is the left common carotid artery?
a)A b) B c) E d) F e) H

Answer 48

A

Question 49

56) Which labeled structure shown in the diagram is a pouch-like extension that serves to slightly increase the capacity of an atrium?
a) F b) E c) G d) I e) D

Answer 49

C

Question 50

57) What labeled structure in the figure is the ligamentum arteriosum?
a)A b) B c) C d) D

Answer 50

D

Question 51

58) What labeled structure in the figure increases the blood volume capacity of an atrium?
a) B b) G c) D d) F

Answer 51

B

Question 52

59) Which structure in the figure is labeled B?
a) left common carotid artery
b) left subclavian artery
c) left pulmonary vein
d) mitral valve

Answer 52

B

Question 53

60) Which structure in the figure is labeled A?
a) left common carotid artery
b) left subclavian artery
c) left pulmonary vein
d) mitral valve

Answer 53

A

Question 54

61) Which labeled structure in the figure acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart?
a)A b) B c) C d) D e) E

Answer 54

A

Question 55

62) Which labeled structure in the figure is the AV node?
a)A b) B c) C d) D e) E

Answer 55

B

Question 56

63) Which labeled structure in the figure represents the only potential pathway for conducting action potentials from the atria to the ventricles?
a)A b) B c) C d) D e) E

Answer 56

C

Question 57

64) Which labeled structure in the figure carries the cardiac action potential directly into the contractile fibers of the ventricular myocardium?
a)A b) B c) C d) D e) E

Answer 57

E

Question 58

67) Cardiac output is the volume of blood ejected from the _____ ventricle into the _____ each minute.
a) left, aorta
b) right, aorta
c) left or right, aorta or pulmonary trunk
d) right, pulmonary trunk
e) both left and right aorta are correct

Answer 58

C

Question 59

68) The difference between a person’s maximum cardiac output and resting cardiac output is called the
a) stroke volume.
b) peripheral resistance.
c) afterload.
d) cardiac reserve.
e) venous return.

Answer 59

D

Question 60

69) What is the function of the foramen ovale during fetal life?
a) Allowing blood to flow directly from the right atrium into the left atrium.
b) Allowing blood to flow directly from the right ventricle into the left ventricle.
c) Serves as a valve in the vena cava to regulate venous blood flow.
d) Prevents back flow of blood from aorta into the left ventricle.
e) Prevents back flow of blood from pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle.

Answer 60

A

Question 61

70) Isovolumetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cardiac cycle in which
a) the semilunar valves are open.
b) ventricular repolarization occurs.
c) atrial depolarization occurs.
d) oxygenated blood leaves the heart into the systemic circulation.
e) ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same.

Answer 61

E

Question 62

71) Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium?
a) right atrium
b) left atrium
c) right ventricle
d) left ventricle
e) right auricle

Answer 62

D

Question 63

72) Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the _____ of the heart.
a) valves
b) myocardium
c) SA node
d) AV node
e) endocardium

Answer 63

A

Question 64

73) In comparison to a sedentary individual, a well-trained athlete will usually have all the following characteristics EXCEPT
a) a higher cardiac reserve.
b) a higher resting cardiac output.
c) a higher stroke volume.
d) hypertrophy of the heart.
e) resting bradycardia.

Answer 64

B

Question 65

74) During heart transplants, the _____ nerves are severed resulting in a faster resting heart rate (approximately 100 beats per minute) after the transplant.
a) glossopharyngeal
b) cardiac accelerator
c) vagus
d) phrenic
e) cervical spinal

Answer 65

C

Question 66

75) A corrective cardiac procedure in which a large piece of a patient’s own latissimus dorsi muscle is wrapped around the heart and stimulated by an implanted pacemaker to assist the pumping action of a damaged heart.
a) myocardial infarction
b) tetrology of Fallot
c) cardiomyopathy
d) cardiomegaly
e) cardiomyoplasty

Answer 66

E

Question 67

TRUE OR FALSE
1. The internal layer of the tissue in the heart is the epicardium.

Answer 67

F

Question 68

TRUE OR FALSE
2. Large arteries in the cranial cavity are called sinuses.

Answer 68

F

Question 69

TRUE OR FALSE
3. One function of the pericardial sac is protection against friction.

Answer 69

T

Question 70

TRUE OR FALSE
4. The mitral valve has three flaps.

Answer 70

F

Question 71

TRUE OR FALSE
5. Blockage of the hepatic portal vein can cause an increase in capillary pressure in other veins
of the abdomen, leading to abdominal bloating called ascites.

Answer 71

T

Question 72

TRUE OR FALSE
6. Anastomoses are important for providing collateral circulation

Answer 72

T

Question 73

TRUE OR FALSE
7. The value of anastomosis is that it allows blood to bypass a blood vessel obstruction.

Answer 73

T

Question 74

TRUE OR FALSE
8. Arteries always carry blood away from the heart.

Answer 74

T

Question 75

TRUE OR FALSE
9. The tunica intima of arteries provides a smooth lining with semilunar valves to ensure
one-way flow.

Answer 75

F

Question 76

TRUE OR FALSE
10. Veins always carry deoxygenated blood.

Answer 76

F

Question 77

TRUE OR FALSE
11. As the external iliac artery enters the thigh, its name changes to the femoral artery.

Answer 77

T

Question 78

TRUE OR FALSE
12. Precapillary sphincters increase the flow of blood through a tissue when they relax.

Answer 78

T

Question 79

TRUE OR FALSE
13. Precapillary sphincters are located in venules.

Answer 79

F

Question 80

TRUE OR FALSE
14. Pulmonary circulation is blood flow through the liver.

Answer 80

F

Question 81

TRUE OR FALSE
15. Systemic circulation includes blood flow to all parts of the body except the lungs.

Answer 81

T

Question 82

TRUE OR FALSE
16. The pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood.

Answer 82

F

Question 83

TRUE OR FALSE
17. The circle of Willis is an example of an anastomosis.

Answer 83

T

Question 84

TRUE OR FALSE
18. The ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to bypass the nonfunctioning fetal liver.

Answer 84

F

Question 85

TRUE OR FALSE
19. Umbilical arteries carry blood from the placenta to the fetus.

Answer 85

F

Question 86

TRUE OR FALSE
20. There are two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein.

Answer 86

T

Question 87

TRUE OR FALSE
21. The bicuspid valve, the mitral valve, and the left atrioventricular valve are all names for the
same structure.

Answer 87

T

Question 88

TRUE OR FALSE
22. The tricuspid valve and left atrioventricular valves are names for the same structure.

Answer 88

F

Question 89

TRUE OR FALSE
23. Both the internal and external carotid arteries bring blood to the brain.

Answer 89

F

Question 90

TRUE OR FALSE
24. Both the renal and suprarenal arteries supply the kidney with blood

Answer 90

F

Question 91

TRUE OR FALSE
25. The visceral pericardium adheres to the surface of the heart.

Answer 91

T

Question 92

1. The saclike structure around the heart is the:
   a. epicardium.
   b. myocardium.
   c. endocardium.
   d. pericardium.

Answer 92

D

Question 93

2. Which of the following is another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium?
   a. Endocardium
   b. Epicardium
   c. Fibrous pericardium
   d. Myocardium

Answer 93

B

Question 94

3. The thickest layer of tissue in the heart wall is the:
   a. epicardium.
   b. pericardium.
   c. myocardium.
   d. endocardium.

Answer 94

C

Question 95

4. The muscular layer of the heart wall is the:
   a. epicardium.
   b. pericardium.
   c. myocardium.
   d. endocardium.

Answer 95

C

Question 96

5. The internal layer of tissue in the heart is the:
   a. epicardium.
   b. pericardium.
   c. myocardium.
   d. endocardium.

Answer 96

D

Question 97

6. The right atrioventricular valve is also called the:
   a. bicuspid.
   b. tricuspid.
   c. mitral.
   d. aortic.

Answer 97

B

Question 98

7. Which of the following is not an atrioventricular valve?
   a. Aortic
   b. Mitral
   c. Bicuspid
   d. Tricuspid

Answer 98

A

Question 99

8. The chamber of the heart that normally has the thickest wall is the:
   a. right atrium.
   b. left atrium.
   c. right ventricle.
   d. left ventricle.

Answer 99

D

Question 100

9. The valve that guards the left atrioventricular orifice is called the:
   a. bicuspid valve.
   b. mitral valve.
   c. tricuspid valve.
   d. Both A and B.

Answer 100

D

Question 101

10. Which of the following is a semilunar valve?
    a. Aortic
    b. Mitral
    c. Tricuspid
    d. Bicuspid

Answer 101

A

Question 102

11. The left atrioventricular valve is also called:
    a. the tricuspid valve.
    b. the mitral valve.
    c. the bicuspid valve.
    d. both B and C.

Answer 102

D

Question 103

12. The heart has nerves coming from the:
    a. sympathetic nervous system.
    b. parasympathetic nervous system.
    c. vagus nerve.
    d. All of the above.

Answer 103

D

Question 104

13. Which of the following vessels do not have the ability to constrict and dilate?
    a. Arterioles
    b. Arteries
    c. Capillaries
    d. Veins

Answer 104

C

Question 105

14. Both the tunica media and the tunica externa are absent in:
    a. arteries.
    b. veins.
    c. capillaries.
    d. both B and C.

Answer 105

C

Question 106

15. The tissue layers of blood vessels from outer layer to inner layer are:
    a. tunica media, tunica intima, and tunica externa.
    b. tunica externa, tunica media, and tunica intima.
    c. tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.
    d. tunica media, tunica externa, and tunica intima.

Answer 106

B

Question 107

16. Smooth muscle in blood vessels is located in the:
    a. tunica externa.
    b. tunica intima.
    c. tunica media.
    d. All of the above.

Answer 107

C

Question 108

17. Which of the following act as blood reservoirs?
    a. Arteries
    b. Arterioles
    c. Capillaries
    d. Veins

Answer 108

D

Question 109

18. The heart begins to beat regularly:
    a. during the fourth week after fertilization.
    b. during the sixth week after fertilization.
    c. during the eighth week after fertilization.
    d. during the tenth week after fertilization.

Answer 109

A

Question 110

19. All the following are major branches of the aortic arch except the:
    a. coronary.
    b. innominate.
    c. left common carotid.
    d. left subclavian.

Answer 110

A

Question 111

20. In fetal circulation, the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale:
    a. take blood from the fetus to the placenta.
    b. connect the pulmonary artery with the aorta.
    c. bypass the lungs.
    d. shunt blood from the left atrium into the right atrium.

Answer 111

C

Question 112

22. The order of blood flow through the vessels is:
    a. arterioles, venules, capillaries, arteries, and veins.
    b. arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.
    c. veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, and arteries.
    d. arterioles, arteries, capillaries, veins, and venules.

Answer 112

B

Question 113

23. Which of the following vessels carries blood from the lungs to the heart?
    a. Aorta
    b. Pulmonary artery
    c. Pulmonary vein
    d. Inferior vena cava

Answer 113

C

Question 114

24. All arteries of the systemic circulation branch from the:
    a. superior vena cava.
    b. pulmonary artery.
    c. innominate artery.
    d. aorta.

Answer 114

D

Question 115

25. The kidney is supplied by this artery.
    a. Innominate
    b. Renal
    c. Suprarenal
    d. Both B and C.

Answer 115

C

Question 116

26. As the external iliac artery enters the thigh, its name changes to the:
    a. subclavian artery.
    b. brachial artery.
    c. femoral artery.
    d. popliteal artery.

Answer 116

C

Question 117

27. Which of the following is not true of the pulmonary artery?
    a. It carries blood to the lung.
    b. The blood in it has just left the left ventricle.
    c. It is carrying nonoxygenated blood.
    d. All of the above are true.

Answer 117

B

Question 118

36. The correct order of the layers of the heart from deep to superficial are:
    a. myocardium, pericardium, and endocardium.
    b. epicardium, myocardium, and pericardium.
    c. epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
    d. endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium.

Answer 118

D

Question 119

37. The pulmonary and aortic valves are also called:
    a. cuspid valves.
    b. semilunar valves.
    c. AV valves.
    d. venous valves.

Answer 119

B

Question 120

38. Respectively, the right and left atrioventricular valves are also known as:
    a. tricuspid, mitral.
    b. bicuspid, tricuspid.
    c. mitral, bicuspid.
    d. bicuspid, mitral.

Answer 120

A

Question 121

39. Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow of blood into the:
    a. atria.
    b. lungs.
    c. vena cava.
    d. ventricles.

Answer 121

A

Question 122

40. Diminished blood flow to an organ or tissue that reduces the oxygen level and impairs cell
    function is called:
    a. ischemia.
    b. infarction.
    c. anastomosis.
    d. both A and C.

Answer 122

A

Question 123

41. The first structure that blood leaving the right ventricle passes through is the:
    a. aorta.
    b. pulmonary semilunar valve.
    c. bicuspid valve.
    d. pulmonary artery.

Answer 123

B

Question 124

42. The first structure that blood leaving the left ventricle passes through is the:
    a. aorta.
    b. pulmonary semilunar valve.
    c. mitral valve.
    d. aortic semilunar valve.

Answer 124

C

Question 125

44. Chordae tendineae are associated with which structure(s)?
    a. Aortic valve
    b. Mitral valve
    c. Tricuspid valve
    d. Both B and C.

Answer 125

D

Question 126

45. Blood passing through the tricuspid valve has just left the:
    a. right atrium.
    b. left ventricle.
    c. left atrium.
    d. right ventricle.

Answer 126

A

Question 127

47. Which of the following is not true of the myocardium?
    a. Cells are joined by intercalated disks.
    b. The muscle cells are autorhythmic.
    c. They can be stimulated by either parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves.
    d. All of the above are true of the myocardium.

Answer 127

D

Question 128

48. Which of the following is not true of the atria?
    a. They have thinner myocardial walls than do ventricles.
    b. They can also be called the auricles.
    c. They are called receiving chambers of the heart.
    d. All of the above are true of atria.

Answer 128

B

Question 129

49. Which of the following is not true of the ventricles?
    a. They are the pumping chambers of the heart.
    b. The myocardium of the ventricles is thicker than that of the atria.
    c. They are divided by the interventricular septum.
    d. All of the above are true of ventricles.

Answer 129

D

Question 130

50. If damaged, which valve could allow blood to leak back into the left ventricle?
    a. Bicuspid valve
    b. Tricuspid valve
    c. Aortic semilunar valve
    d. Pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 130

C

Question 131

51. If damaged, which valve could allow blood to leak back into the right atrium?
    a. Bicuspid valve
    b. Tricuspid valve
    c. Aortic semilunar valve
    d. Pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 131

B

Question 132

57. Which of the following statements is not true of the location of the heart?
    a. It lies in the mediastinum.
    b. Its apex contacts the diaphragm muscle.
    c. It lies behind the body of the sternum.
    d. All of the above are true.

Answer 132

D

Question 133

59. Pericardial fluid can be found between the:
    a. myocardium and the epicardium.
    b. myocardium and the endocardium.
    c. pericardium and the ribs.
    d. epicardium and pericardium.

Answer 133

D

Question 134

60. Cuspid valves open into:
    a. the aorta.
    b. the pulmonary artery.
    c. the ventricles of the heart.
    d. both A and B.

Answer 134

C

Question 135

61. Semilunar valves open into:
    a. the aorta.
    b. the pulmonary artery.
    c. the ventricles of the heart.
    d. both A and B

Answer 135

D

Question 136

63. If the chordae tendineae in the right side of the heart were damaged, it might cause blood to
    leak into the:
    a. pulmonary artery during heart contraction.
    b. right ventricle during heart contraction.
    c. right atrium during heart contraction.
    d. right ventricle during heart relaxation.

Answer 136

C

Question 137

19. ___ Heart chamber that receives blood from the pulmonary vein

Answer 137

c. Left atrium

Question 138

20. ___ Heart chamber that pushes blood through the right atrioventricular valve when it contracts

Answer 138

b. Right atrium

Question 139

21. ___ Valve through which the left ventricle pumps blood

Answer 139

g. Aortic semilunar valve

Question 140

22. ___ Blood vessel that empties into the right atrium

Answer 140

Superior vena cava

Question 141

23. ___ Blood vessel into which the right ventricle pumps blood through a semilunar valve

Answer 141

Pulmonary artery

Question 142

24. ___ Blood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart

Answer 142

Pulmonary vein

Question 143

25. ___ Blood vessel into which the left ventricle pumps blood through a semilunar valve

Answer 143

Aorta

Question 144

26. ___ Valve that opens into the left ventricle

Answer 144

Left atrioventricular valve

Question 145

27. ___ Valve through which the right ventricle pumps blood

Answer 145

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 146

28. ___ Heart chamber that pumps blood through the aortic semilunar valve

Answer 146

Left ventricle

Question 147

29. ___ Valve that opens into the right ventricle

Answer 147

Right atrioventricular valve

Question 148

30. ___ Heart chamber that receives blood that has just passed through the right atrioventricular
    valve

Answer 148

Right ventricle

Question 149

31. ___ Strings that connect the AV valves with the papillary muscles

Answer 149

Chordae tendineae

Question 150

32. ___ The innermost layer of the heart

Answer 150

Endocardium

Question 151

33. ___ Another name for the left AV valve

Answer 151

Bicuspid valve

Question 152

34. ___ The tough, loose-fitting outer layer of the sac covering the heart

Answer 152

Fibrous pericardium

Question 153

35. ___ The lower, pumping chambers of the heart

Answer 153

Ventricles

Question 154

36. ___ The upper chambers of the heart

Answer 154

Tricuspid valve

Question 155

37. ___ This area in the pericardium contains fluid

Answer 155

Pericardial space

Question 156

38. ___ The innermost layer of the sac covering the heart

Answer 156

Serous pericardium

Question 157

39. ___ Another name for the right AV valve

Answer 157

Tricuspid valve

Question 158

40. ___ The muscle layer of the heart

Answer 158

Myocardium

Question 159

41. ___ The outermost layer of the heart

Answer 159

Epicardium

Question 160

42. ___ The muscular wall dividing the right and left ventricles

Answer 160

Interventricular septum

Question 161

1. If the AV node were forced to assume pacemaker activity, what would be the resulting pulse
   rate?
   a. 10 to 30 beats per minute
   b. 20 to 40 beats per minute
   c. 30 to 50 beats per minute
   d. 40 to 60 beats per minute

Answer 161

d

Question 162

2. The normal pattern of impulse conduction through the heart is:
   a. AV node, SA node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.
   b. AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, and bundle of His.
   c. SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, and bundle of His.
   d. SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.

Answer 162

D

Question 163

3. Which of the following most accurately describes what is measured by an electrocardiogram?
   a. Electrical conductivity
   b. Number of contractions per minute
   c. The speed and strength of contractions
   d. Any abnormal functioning

Answer 163

A

Question 164

4. Which of the following would not cause an ectopic beat?
   a. Bundle of His
   b. Purkinje fibers
   c. SA node
   d. AV node

Answer 164

C

Question 165

5. If the sinoatrial node is setting the pace for the heartbeat, it will usually be:
   a. between 85 and 95 beats per minute.
   b. between 70 and 75 beats per minute.
   c. between 55 and 65 beats per minute.
   d. between 45 and 55 beats per minute.

Answer 165

B

Question 166

6. All of the following will increase heart rate except:
   a. sympathetic stimulation.
   b. a decrease in aortic blood pressure.
   c. a decrease in carotid blood pressure.
   d. stimulation of cold receptors in the skin.

Answer 166

D

Question 167

7. Which of the following factors increases heart rate?
   a. Sudden, intense pain of visceral organs such as the intestines and the gallbladder
   b. Stimulation of skin receptors by cold
   c. Anxiety and fear
   d. Grief

Answer 167

C

Question 168

8. In the cardiac cycle, the R wave is recorded on an ECG during:
   a. ventricular contraction.
   b. ventricular relaxation.
   c. ejection.
   d. passive ventricular filling.

Answer 168

A

Question 169

9. During the cardiac cycle, the second heart sound is heard during:
   a. ventricular contraction.
   b. ventricular relaxation.
   c. ejection.
   d. passive ventricular filling.

Answer 169

B

Question 170

10. The ECG deflection produced during repolarization of the atria and depolarization of the
    ventricles is the:
    a. P wave.
    b. QRS complex.
    c. T wave.
    d. U wave.

Answer 170

B

Question 171

11. The semilunar valves open during this part of the cardiac cycle.
    a. Atrial systole
    b. Ventricular contraction
    c. Ejection
    d. Passive ventricular filling

Answer 171

C

Question 172

12. The first heart sound heard, or the “lub” sound, is caused by the:
    a. ventricles contracting and the AV valves closing.
    b. atria contracting and the semilunar valves closing.
    c. atria contracting and the semilunar valves closing.
    d. ventricles relaxing and the AV valves opening.

Answer 172

A

Question 173

13. The pulse that can be felt in front of your ear is the:
    a. temporal artery.
    b. carotid artery.
    c. brachial artery.
    d. There is no pulse that can be felt in front of the ear

Answer 173

A

Question 174

14. Contraction of the left atrium is stimulated by:
    a. the AV node.
    b. the bundles of His.
    c. the Purkinje fibers.
    d. the interatrial bundles.

Answer 174

D

Question 175

15. Cardiac output is determined by the:
    a. return of blood to the heart and the heart rate.
    b. strength of contraction of the left ventricle.
    c. stroke volume and heart rate.
    d. systolic discharge and stroke volume.

Answer 175

C

Question 176

16. Cardiac output can be computed by:
    a. adding the stroke volume and heart rate.
    b. subtracting the stroke volume from the heart rate.
    c. subtracting the heart rate from the stroke volume.
    d. multiplying the heart rate and stroke volume.

Answer 176

D

Question 177

17. The greatest resistance to blood flow occurs in the:
    a. arteries.
    b. arterioles.
    c. venules.
    d. capillaries.

Answer 177

B

Question 178

18. Which of the following events will tend to cause a decrease in peripheral resistance?
    a. An increase in red blood cell count
    b. Anemia
    c. Vasoconstriction of the arterioles
    d. Both A and C.

Answer 178

B

Question 179

19. An increase in total plasma volume results from the:
    a. atrial natriuretic hormone mechanism.
    b. antidiuretic hormone mechanism.
    c. aldosterone mechanism.
    d. Both B and C.

Answer 179

D

Question 180

20. The Frank-Starling mechanism:
    a. explains the increased heart rate during exercise.
    b. determines the method of computing cardiac output.
    c. shows the relationship between the stretch of heart muscle and strength of
    contraction.
    d. determines peripheral resistance by determining blood viscosity and
    vasoconstriction

Answer 180

C

Question 181

21. Which artery in the arm is used for measuring blood pressure?
    a. Brachial
    b. Radial
    c. Ulnar
    d. Axillary

Answer 181

A

Question 182

22. When you take a blood pressure reading, the first sound that you hear (the top reading) is the:
    a. systolic sound, indicating the relaxation of the ventricles.
    b. systolic sound, indicating the contraction of the ventricles.
    c. diastolic reading, indicating the contraction of the atria.
    d. diastolic sound, indicating the relaxation of the ventricles.

Answer 182

B

Question 183

23. The best description of pulse pressure is the:
    a. pressure of blood against artery walls during ventricular systole.
    b. pressure of blood against artery walls during ventricular diastole.
    c. pressure of blood against artery walls during atrial systole.
    d. difference between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressures.

Answer 183

D

Question 184

24. The pulse in the neck is felt over which artery?
    a. Temporal
    b. Common carotid
    c. Esophageal
    d. Vertebral

Answer 184

B

Question 185

25. The pulse in the wrist is felt over which artery?
    a. Radial
    b. Brachial
    c. Ulnar
    d. Axillary

Answer 185

A

Question 186

26. On an ECG, the T wave represents:
    a. depolarization of the atria.
    b. repolarization of the atria.
    c. depolarization of the ventricles.
    d. repolarization of the ventricles.

Answer 186

D

Question 187

27. Depolarization of the ventricles is:
    a. depicted by the QRS complex.
    b. masked by the massive atrial depolarization.
    c. masked by the massive atrial repolarization.
    d. depicted by the T wave.

Answer 187

A

Question 188

28. Vasomotor control mechanisms influence:
    a. diameter of capillaries.
    b. stroke volume.
    c. cardiac output.
    d. diameter of arterioles.

Answer 188

D

Question 189

29. Which part of the QRS complex represents the repolarization of the atria?
    a. Q wave
    b. R wave
    c. S wave
    d. None of the above.

Answer 189

D

Question 190

30. If the blood in the subclavian vein of the chest had a pressure of 25 mm Hg and the pressure
    of the superior vena cava that drains the subclavian had a pressure of 15 mm Hg, the right
    atrium would have a pressure of:
    a. greater than 25.
    b. between 15 and 25.
    c. less than 15.
    d. Could be at any value.

Answer 190

C

Question 191

31. Which of the following statements is true?
    a. Stimulation by the vagus nerve slows the heart rate.
    b. Stimulation by the cardiac nerve slows the heart rate.
    c. Acetylcholine increases the heart rate.
    d. Both B and C are true.

Answer 191

A

Question 192

32. Peripheral resistance to blood flow comes about because of:
    a. friction between the blood cells and vessel walls.
    b. an increase in the reservoir capacity of the veins
    c. constriction of the veins at the end of the capillary bed.
    d. both A and C.

Answer 192

A

Question 193

36. The effect of what substance is to decrease total blood volume?
    a. ADH
    b. ANH
    c. Aldosterone
    d. All of the above decrease blood volume.

Answer 193

B

Question 194

37. Which of the following is true of the conduction system of the heart?
    a. It is made of cardiac muscle.
    b. It is made of nervous tissue.
    c. It requires either a sympathetic or parasympathetic stimulus to begin a beat.
    d. Both A and C are true.

Answer 194

A

Question 195

38. Which part of the heart conduction system is referred to as the pacemaker?
    a. Purkinje fibers
    b. Sinoatrial node
    c. Atrioventricular node
    d. Atrioventricular bundles

Answer 195

B

Question 196

39. Atrial systole causes blood to:
    a. leave the heart.
    b. move through the semilunar valves.
    c. move through the cuspid valves.
    d. do both A and B.

Answer 196

C

Question 197

41. The period between the closure of the semilunar valve and the opening of the atrioventricular
    valves is called:
    a. atrial systole.
    b. ventricular contraction.
    c. ventricular relaxation.
    d. passive ventricular filling.

Answer 197

C

Question 198

42. The period between the filling of the ventricles and the opening of the semilunar valves is
    called:
    a. atrial systole.
    b. ventricular contraction.
    c. ventricular relaxation.
    d. passive ventricular filling.

Answer 198

B

Question 199

43. When trying to stop arterial bleeding by applying pressure, why is it necessary to apply
    pressure between the bleeding part and the heart?
    a. Because blood flows from the heart through the arteries to the injured part,
    pressure between the heart and the bleeding point cuts off the source of blood flow
    to that point.
    b. Because blood pressure is greater in the arteries coming from the heart, pressure
    between the heart and bleeding point reduces pressure, thus cutting off the source
    of blood flow to that point.
    c. Because venous blood pressure changes by alternate contraction and relaxation of
    the atria, pressure between the heart and bleeding point cuts off the source of
    venous blood flow to that point.
    d. Because arterial blood pressure changes by alternate contraction and relaxation of
    the atria, pressure between the heart and bleeding point cuts off the source of
    arterial blood flow to that point.

Answer 199

A

Question 200

1. ___ First heart sound produced

Answer 200

Ventricular contraction

Question 201

2. ___ Ventricular diastole occurs

Answer 201

d. Isovolumic ventricular relaxation

Question 202

3. ___ Atrioventricular valves open; semilunar valves closed

Answer 202

a. Atrial systole

Question 203

4. ___ T wave appears

Answer 203

c. Ejection

Question 204

5. ___ Blood flows through the open AV valves

Answer 204

e. Passive ventricular filling

Question 205

_________ located in the right atrial wall just inferior and lateral to the opening of the superior vena cava

Answer 205

Sinoatrial node

Question 206

7. ___ Branches that are at the terminal ends of the bundles of His

Answer 206

Purkinje fibres

Question 207

8. ___ Bundle that facilitates the rapid conduction to the left atrium

Answer 207

Interatrial bundles

Question 208

9. ___ Structure through which conduction moves most slowly

Answer 208

Atrioventricular node

Question 209

11. ___ Bundles that come from the atrioventricular node

Answer 209

e. Bundles of His

Question 210

Match each ECG wave or complex with the corresponding action in the cardiac cycle.
a. QRS complex
b. P Wave
c. T Wave
12. ___ Ventricular depolarization
13. ___ Atrial depolarization
14. ___ Ventricular repolarization

Answer 210

12. A
13. B
14. C

Question 211

15. ___ The relaxation of vascular muscles that decreases resistance to blood flow

Answer 211

Vasodilation

Question 212

16. ___ The blood pressure when the ventricles are relaxing

Answer 212

Diastolic

Question 213

17. ___ The hormone that increases water reabsorbed by the kidney

Answer 213

ADH

Question 214

18. ___ The instrument that is used to measure blood pressure

Answer 214

m. Sphygmomanometer

Question 215

19. ___ In order for blood to flow, there must be a gradient from high to low pressure in the
    circulatory system

Answer 215

b. Primary principle of circulation

Question 216

20. ___ The hormone produced in the heart that reduces the volume of blood

Answer 216

j. ANH

Question 217

21. ___ Receptors that are sensitive to changes in pressure

Answer 217

h. Baroreceptors

Question 218

22. ___ Contraction of vascular muscle that increases resistance to blood flow

Answer 218

Vasoconstriction

Question 219

23. ___ The amount of blood that flows out of a ventricle per unit of time

Answer 219

Cardiac output

Question 220

24. ___ The blood pressure when the ventricles are contracting

Answer 220

Systolic

Question 221

25. ___ The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Answer 221

Pulse pressure

Question 222

26. ___ The number of times the heart beats per minute

Answer 222

Heart rate

Question 223

27. ___ The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle by each heartbeat

Answer 223

Stoke volume