MCQ CHAPTER 20 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Flashcards
1) Which of the following terms identifies the anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm?
a) Epicardium
b) Abdominal cavity
c) Pericardium
d) Mediastinum
e) Thoracic cavity
D
2) The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the
a) pericardium.
b) pleura.
c) myocardium.
d) mediastinum.
e) endocardium.
A
3) The apex of the heart is normally pointed
a) at the midline.
b) to the left of the midline.
c) to the right of the midline.
d) is different for males and females
e) posteriorly.
B
4) The outermost layer of the pericardium, which consists of inelastic dense irregular connective tissue, is called the
a) parietal layer of pericardium.
b) serous pericardium.
c) fibrous pericardium.
d) epicardium.
e) endocardium.
C
5) Which of the following is used to reduce friction between the layers of membranes surrounding the heart?
a) Synovial fluid
b) Endocardium
c) Pleural fluid
d) Pericardial fluid
e) Capillary endothelium
D
6) Which layer of the heart wall consists of mesothelium and connective tissue?
a) Epicardium
b) Myocardium
c) Endocardium
d) Fibrous pericardium
e) None of the answer selections are correct
A
) Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue?
a) Epicardium
b) Pericardium
c) Myocardium
d) Endocardium
e) Hypocardium
C
8) Identify the pouch-like structure that increases the total filling capacity of the atrium.
a) Ventricle
b) Coronary sulcus
c) Fossa ovalis
d) Interatrial septum
e) Auricle.
E
9) Identify the groove found on the surface of the heart and marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles.
a) Coronary sulcus
b) Anterior interventricular sulcus
c) Posterior interventricular sulcus
d) Coronary sinus
e) Anterior intraventricular sulcus
B
10) Identify the muscular ridges that are found on the anterior wall of the right atrium and extend into the auricles.
a) Pectinate muscles
b) Trabeculae carneae
c) Coronary sulci
d) Papillary muscles
e) Chordae tendinae
A
11) Through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
a) Bicuspid valve
b) Interventricular septum
c) Tricuspid valve
d) Mitral valve
e) Ascending aorta
C
12) What type of tissue comprises the valves of the heart?
a) Dense connective tissue
b) Areolar connective tissue
c) Hyaline cartilage
d) Cardiac muscle tissue
e) Adipose tissue
A
13) Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through which of the following structures?
a) Right atrium
b) Interventricular septum
c) Bicuspid valve
d) Aortic semilunar valve
e) Pulmonary semilunar valve
D
14) Identify the structure found in a fetus that allows blood to flow directly from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta.
a) Fossa ovalis
b) Foramen ovale
c) Trabeculae carneae
d) Descending aorta
e) Ductus arteriosus
E
16) Contraction of the ventricles of the heart leads to blood moving directly
a) into arteries.
b) into capillaries.
c) into veins.
d) through an atrioventricular valve.
e) through the apex.
A
17) Contraction of the atria of the heart leads to blood moving directly
a) into auricles.
b) into arteries.
c) into veins
d) through atrioventricular valves
e) through semilunar valves.
D
18) Which valve below prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle?
a) Tricuspid valve
b) Bicuspid valve
c) Pulmonary semilunar valve
d) Aortic semilunar valve
e) Mitral valve
C
20) What of the following chambers of the heart contain deoxygenated blood?
a) Left atrium and left ventricle
b) Left atrium only
c) Right atrium and right ventricle
d) Right ventricle only
e) Left atrium and right ventricle
C
21) Which of the following blood vessel is used to distribute oxygenated blood to the myocardium?
a) Coronary artery
b) Coronary vein
c) Coronary sinus
d) Vena cava
e) Myocardial vein
A
22) Cardiac muscle fibres are electrically connected to neighbouring fibres by
a) desmosomes.
b) tight junctions.
c) gap junctions.
d) interneurons.
e) chordae tendinae.
C
23) Which of the following type of muscle contains the largest number of mitochondria per cell?
a) Smooth muscle
b) Skeletal muscle
c) Cardiac muscle
d) All the muscle types contain approximately the same number.
e) Mitochondria are not found in muscle cells.
C
25) Which network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart?
a) Systemic circuit
b) Intercalated discs
c) Cardiovascular center
d) Cardiac conduction system
e) Pulmonary circuit
D
26) Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in order to excite normal contraction of the heart?
a) Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, Atrioventricular (AV) node
b) Sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, Bundle of His
c) Purkinje fibers, AV node, SA node, Bundle of His
d) SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
e) Bundle of His, SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers
D
27) In comparison to skeletal muscle fibers, the contractile fibers of the heart are depolarized for _____ period of time.
a) a shorter
b) a longer
c) the same
B
28) The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute is called the
a) cardiac output.
b) cardiac input.
c) stroke volume.
d) heart rate.
e) pulse pressure.
A
29) Which term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction of a chamber occurs and pressure within the chamber rises?
a) filling
b) systole
c) repolarization
d) diastole
e) fibrillation
B
30) During which of the following periods does the largest volume of blood enter the arteries?
a) atrial diastole
b) ventricular diastole
c) atrial systole
d) ventricular systole
D
31) The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows which of the events listed below?
a) Valvular stenosis
b) Semilunar valves opening
c) Atrioventricular valves closing
d) Semilunar valves closing
e) Atrioventricular valves opening
D
32) Which structure in the heart initiates action potentials that stimulate contraction of the heart at constant rate of about 100 beats per minute?
a) Cardiac accelerator nerves
b) Atrioventricular node
c) Cardiovascular center
d) Sinoatrial node
e) Bundle of His
D
33) Stimulation of which nerve reduces heart rate?
a) Cardiac accelerator nerve
b) Hypoglossal nerve
c) Spinal accessory
d) Vagus nerve
e) Phrenic nerve
D
34) Which of the following would lead to a decreased heart rate?
a) Increased norepinephrine release
b) Increased thyroid hormone release
c) Increased potassium levels in plasma
d) Increased calcium levels in plasma
e) Increased sympathetic stimulation
C
35) Which part of the brain contains the cardiovascular center that regulates heart rate?
a) Midbrain
b) Cerebrum
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Cerebellum
e) Thalamus
C
36) Which wave in an electrocardiogram represents repolarization of the ventricles?
a) R wave
b) T wave
c) S wave
d) P wave
e) Q wave
B
37) Which of the following selections lists conditions that would lead to increased stroke volume?
a) increased preload, increased afterload, increased contractility
b) decreased preload, decreased afterload, decreased contractility
c) increased preload, decreased afterload, increased contractility
d) decreased preload, increased afterload, increased contractility
e) increased preload, increased afterload, decreased contractility
C
38) Which of the following electrocardiogram (EKG) waves represents atrial depolarization?
a) R wave
b) T wave
c) S wave
d) P wave
e) Q wave
D
39) Which portion of the heart wall is responsible for the pumping action?
a) E
b) F
c) G
d) H
e) I
E
40) In the diagram, where are the trabeculae carneae?
a) D
b) E
c) F
d) G
e) H
D
41) In the diagram, where is the left auricle of the left atrium?
a) C
b) F
c) G
d) H
e) I
C
42) In the diagram, which labeled structure prevents blood flow from the right ventricle back into the right atrium?
a)A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
B
43) In the diagram, which labeled structure is the pulmonary semilunar valve?
a) B
b) D
c) E
d)A
e) None of these choices
D
44) In the diagram, which labeled structures are atrioventricular valves?
a) B only
b) D only
c) A and C
d) B and D
e) A, B, C and D
D
47) Which phases of a heartbeat shown in the diagram involve repolarization of the heart’s four chambers?
a) 1 and 4
b) 2 and 4
c) 4 and 6
d) 1, 3, and 5
e) 1, 2, 4 and 6
f) 3 and 5
F
48) Which of the labeled diagrams shows coarctation of the aorta?
a)A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
A
49) Which of the labeled diagrams shows an atrial septal defect?
a)A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
C
52) Which blood vessel shown in the figure carries oxygenated blood to the lower thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity of the body?
a)A
b) B
c) E
d) F
e) H
D
53) Which labeled structure shown in the diagram is a remnant of fetal circulation that is not directly involved in adult circulation?
a)A b) B c) H d) D e) E
D
54) Which labeled blood vessel in the diagram is an artery carrying deoxygenated blood?
a)A b) B c) C d) E e) I
D
55) Which labeled blood vessel shown in the diagram is the left common carotid artery?
a)A b) B c) E d) F e) H
A
56) Which labeled structure shown in the diagram is a pouch-like extension that serves to slightly increase the capacity of an atrium?
a) F b) E c) G d) I e) D
C
57) What labeled structure in the figure is the ligamentum arteriosum?
a)A b) B c) C d) D
D
58) What labeled structure in the figure increases the blood volume capacity of an atrium?
a) B b) G c) D d) F
B
59) Which structure in the figure is labeled B?
a) left common carotid artery
b) left subclavian artery
c) left pulmonary vein
d) mitral valve
B
60) Which structure in the figure is labeled A?
a) left common carotid artery
b) left subclavian artery
c) left pulmonary vein
d) mitral valve
A
61) Which labeled structure in the figure acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart?
a)A b) B c) C d) D e) E
A
62) Which labeled structure in the figure is the AV node?
a)A b) B c) C d) D e) E
B
63) Which labeled structure in the figure represents the only potential pathway for conducting action potentials from the atria to the ventricles?
a)A b) B c) C d) D e) E
C
64) Which labeled structure in the figure carries the cardiac action potential directly into the contractile fibers of the ventricular myocardium?
a)A b) B c) C d) D e) E
E
67) Cardiac output is the volume of blood ejected from the _____ ventricle into the _____ each minute.
a) left, aorta
b) right, aorta
c) left or right, aorta or pulmonary trunk
d) right, pulmonary trunk
e) both left and right aorta are correct
C
68) The difference between a person’s maximum cardiac output and resting cardiac output is called the
a) stroke volume.
b) peripheral resistance.
c) afterload.
d) cardiac reserve.
e) venous return.
D
69) What is the function of the foramen ovale during fetal life?
a) Allowing blood to flow directly from the right atrium into the left atrium.
b) Allowing blood to flow directly from the right ventricle into the left ventricle.
c) Serves as a valve in the vena cava to regulate venous blood flow.
d) Prevents back flow of blood from aorta into the left ventricle.
e) Prevents back flow of blood from pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle.
A
70) Isovolumetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cardiac cycle in which
a) the semilunar valves are open.
b) ventricular repolarization occurs.
c) atrial depolarization occurs.
d) oxygenated blood leaves the heart into the systemic circulation.
e) ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same.
E
71) Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium?
a) right atrium
b) left atrium
c) right ventricle
d) left ventricle
e) right auricle
D
72) Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the _____ of the heart.
a) valves
b) myocardium
c) SA node
d) AV node
e) endocardium
A
73) In comparison to a sedentary individual, a well-trained athlete will usually have all the following characteristics EXCEPT
a) a higher cardiac reserve.
b) a higher resting cardiac output.
c) a higher stroke volume.
d) hypertrophy of the heart.
e) resting bradycardia.
B
74) During heart transplants, the _____ nerves are severed resulting in a faster resting heart rate (approximately 100 beats per minute) after the transplant.
a) glossopharyngeal
b) cardiac accelerator
c) vagus
d) phrenic
e) cervical spinal
C
75) A corrective cardiac procedure in which a large piece of a patient’s own latissimus dorsi muscle is wrapped around the heart and stimulated by an implanted pacemaker to assist the pumping action of a damaged heart.
a) myocardial infarction
b) tetrology of Fallot
c) cardiomyopathy
d) cardiomegaly
e) cardiomyoplasty
E
TRUE OR FALSE
1. The internal layer of the tissue in the heart is the epicardium.
F
TRUE OR FALSE
2. Large arteries in the cranial cavity are called sinuses.
F
TRUE OR FALSE
3. One function of the pericardial sac is protection against friction.
T
TRUE OR FALSE
4. The mitral valve has three flaps.
F
TRUE OR FALSE
5. Blockage of the hepatic portal vein can cause an increase in capillary pressure in other veins
of the abdomen, leading to abdominal bloating called ascites.
T
TRUE OR FALSE
6. Anastomoses are important for providing collateral circulation
T
TRUE OR FALSE
7. The value of anastomosis is that it allows blood to bypass a blood vessel obstruction.
T
TRUE OR FALSE
8. Arteries always carry blood away from the heart.
T
TRUE OR FALSE
9. The tunica intima of arteries provides a smooth lining with semilunar valves to ensure
one-way flow.
F
TRUE OR FALSE
10. Veins always carry deoxygenated blood.
F
TRUE OR FALSE
11. As the external iliac artery enters the thigh, its name changes to the femoral artery.
T
TRUE OR FALSE
12. Precapillary sphincters increase the flow of blood through a tissue when they relax.
T
TRUE OR FALSE
13. Precapillary sphincters are located in venules.
F
TRUE OR FALSE
14. Pulmonary circulation is blood flow through the liver.
F
TRUE OR FALSE
15. Systemic circulation includes blood flow to all parts of the body except the lungs.
T
TRUE OR FALSE
16. The pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood.
F
TRUE OR FALSE
17. The circle of Willis is an example of an anastomosis.
T
TRUE OR FALSE
18. The ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to bypass the nonfunctioning fetal liver.
F
TRUE OR FALSE
19. Umbilical arteries carry blood from the placenta to the fetus.
F
TRUE OR FALSE
20. There are two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein.
T
TRUE OR FALSE
21. The bicuspid valve, the mitral valve, and the left atrioventricular valve are all names for the
same structure.
T
TRUE OR FALSE
22. The tricuspid valve and left atrioventricular valves are names for the same structure.
F
TRUE OR FALSE
23. Both the internal and external carotid arteries bring blood to the brain.
F
TRUE OR FALSE
24. Both the renal and suprarenal arteries supply the kidney with blood
F
TRUE OR FALSE
25. The visceral pericardium adheres to the surface of the heart.
T
- The saclike structure around the heart is the:
a. epicardium.
b. myocardium.
c. endocardium.
d. pericardium.
D
- Which of the following is another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium?
a. Endocardium
b. Epicardium
c. Fibrous pericardium
d. Myocardium
B
- The thickest layer of tissue in the heart wall is the:
a. epicardium.
b. pericardium.
c. myocardium.
d. endocardium.
C
- The muscular layer of the heart wall is the:
a. epicardium.
b. pericardium.
c. myocardium.
d. endocardium.
C
- The internal layer of tissue in the heart is the:
a. epicardium.
b. pericardium.
c. myocardium.
d. endocardium.
D
- The right atrioventricular valve is also called the:
a. bicuspid.
b. tricuspid.
c. mitral.
d. aortic.
B
- Which of the following is not an atrioventricular valve?
a. Aortic
b. Mitral
c. Bicuspid
d. Tricuspid
A
- The chamber of the heart that normally has the thickest wall is the:
a. right atrium.
b. left atrium.
c. right ventricle.
d. left ventricle.
D
- The valve that guards the left atrioventricular orifice is called the:
a. bicuspid valve.
b. mitral valve.
c. tricuspid valve.
d. Both A and B.
D
- Which of the following is a semilunar valve?
a. Aortic
b. Mitral
c. Tricuspid
d. Bicuspid
A
- The left atrioventricular valve is also called:
a. the tricuspid valve.
b. the mitral valve.
c. the bicuspid valve.
d. both B and C.
D
- The heart has nerves coming from the:
a. sympathetic nervous system.
b. parasympathetic nervous system.
c. vagus nerve.
d. All of the above.
D
- Which of the following vessels do not have the ability to constrict and dilate?
a. Arterioles
b. Arteries
c. Capillaries
d. Veins
C
- Both the tunica media and the tunica externa are absent in:
a. arteries.
b. veins.
c. capillaries.
d. both B and C.
C
- The tissue layers of blood vessels from outer layer to inner layer are:
a. tunica media, tunica intima, and tunica externa.
b. tunica externa, tunica media, and tunica intima.
c. tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.
d. tunica media, tunica externa, and tunica intima.
B
- Smooth muscle in blood vessels is located in the:
a. tunica externa.
b. tunica intima.
c. tunica media.
d. All of the above.
C
- Which of the following act as blood reservoirs?
a. Arteries
b. Arterioles
c. Capillaries
d. Veins
D
- The heart begins to beat regularly:
a. during the fourth week after fertilization.
b. during the sixth week after fertilization.
c. during the eighth week after fertilization.
d. during the tenth week after fertilization.
A
- All the following are major branches of the aortic arch except the:
a. coronary.
b. innominate.
c. left common carotid.
d. left subclavian.
A
- In fetal circulation, the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale:
a. take blood from the fetus to the placenta.
b. connect the pulmonary artery with the aorta.
c. bypass the lungs.
d. shunt blood from the left atrium into the right atrium.
C
- The order of blood flow through the vessels is:
a. arterioles, venules, capillaries, arteries, and veins.
b. arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.
c. veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, and arteries.
d. arterioles, arteries, capillaries, veins, and venules.
B
- Which of the following vessels carries blood from the lungs to the heart?
a. Aorta
b. Pulmonary artery
c. Pulmonary vein
d. Inferior vena cava
C
- All arteries of the systemic circulation branch from the:
a. superior vena cava.
b. pulmonary artery.
c. innominate artery.
d. aorta.
D
- The kidney is supplied by this artery.
a. Innominate
b. Renal
c. Suprarenal
d. Both B and C.
C
- As the external iliac artery enters the thigh, its name changes to the:
a. subclavian artery.
b. brachial artery.
c. femoral artery.
d. popliteal artery.
C
- Which of the following is not true of the pulmonary artery?
a. It carries blood to the lung.
b. The blood in it has just left the left ventricle.
c. It is carrying nonoxygenated blood.
d. All of the above are true.
B
- The correct order of the layers of the heart from deep to superficial are:
a. myocardium, pericardium, and endocardium.
b. epicardium, myocardium, and pericardium.
c. epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
d. endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium.
D
- The pulmonary and aortic valves are also called:
a. cuspid valves.
b. semilunar valves.
c. AV valves.
d. venous valves.
B
- Respectively, the right and left atrioventricular valves are also known as:
a. tricuspid, mitral.
b. bicuspid, tricuspid.
c. mitral, bicuspid.
d. bicuspid, mitral.
A
- Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow of blood into the:
a. atria.
b. lungs.
c. vena cava.
d. ventricles.
A
- Diminished blood flow to an organ or tissue that reduces the oxygen level and impairs cell
function is called:
a. ischemia.
b. infarction.
c. anastomosis.
d. both A and C.
A
- The first structure that blood leaving the right ventricle passes through is the:
a. aorta.
b. pulmonary semilunar valve.
c. bicuspid valve.
d. pulmonary artery.
B
- The first structure that blood leaving the left ventricle passes through is the:
a. aorta.
b. pulmonary semilunar valve.
c. mitral valve.
d. aortic semilunar valve.
C
- Chordae tendineae are associated with which structure(s)?
a. Aortic valve
b. Mitral valve
c. Tricuspid valve
d. Both B and C.
D
- Blood passing through the tricuspid valve has just left the:
a. right atrium.
b. left ventricle.
c. left atrium.
d. right ventricle.
A
- Which of the following is not true of the myocardium?
a. Cells are joined by intercalated disks.
b. The muscle cells are autorhythmic.
c. They can be stimulated by either parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves.
d. All of the above are true of the myocardium.
D
- Which of the following is not true of the atria?
a. They have thinner myocardial walls than do ventricles.
b. They can also be called the auricles.
c. They are called receiving chambers of the heart.
d. All of the above are true of atria.
B
- Which of the following is not true of the ventricles?
a. They are the pumping chambers of the heart.
b. The myocardium of the ventricles is thicker than that of the atria.
c. They are divided by the interventricular septum.
d. All of the above are true of ventricles.
D
- If damaged, which valve could allow blood to leak back into the left ventricle?
a. Bicuspid valve
b. Tricuspid valve
c. Aortic semilunar valve
d. Pulmonary semilunar valve
C
- If damaged, which valve could allow blood to leak back into the right atrium?
a. Bicuspid valve
b. Tricuspid valve
c. Aortic semilunar valve
d. Pulmonary semilunar valve
B
- Which of the following statements is not true of the location of the heart?
a. It lies in the mediastinum.
b. Its apex contacts the diaphragm muscle.
c. It lies behind the body of the sternum.
d. All of the above are true.
D
- Pericardial fluid can be found between the:
a. myocardium and the epicardium.
b. myocardium and the endocardium.
c. pericardium and the ribs.
d. epicardium and pericardium.
D
- Cuspid valves open into:
a. the aorta.
b. the pulmonary artery.
c. the ventricles of the heart.
d. both A and B.
C
- Semilunar valves open into:
a. the aorta.
b. the pulmonary artery.
c. the ventricles of the heart.
d. both A and B
D
- If the chordae tendineae in the right side of the heart were damaged, it might cause blood to
leak into the:
a. pulmonary artery during heart contraction.
b. right ventricle during heart contraction.
c. right atrium during heart contraction.
d. right ventricle during heart relaxation.
C
- ___ Heart chamber that receives blood from the pulmonary vein
c. Left atrium
- ___ Heart chamber that pushes blood through the right atrioventricular valve when it contracts
b. Right atrium
- ___ Valve through which the left ventricle pumps blood
g. Aortic semilunar valve
- ___ Blood vessel that empties into the right atrium
Superior vena cava
- ___ Blood vessel into which the right ventricle pumps blood through a semilunar valve
Pulmonary artery
- ___ Blood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart
Pulmonary vein
- ___ Blood vessel into which the left ventricle pumps blood through a semilunar valve
Aorta
- ___ Valve that opens into the left ventricle
Left atrioventricular valve
- ___ Valve through which the right ventricle pumps blood
Pulmonary semilunar valve
- ___ Heart chamber that pumps blood through the aortic semilunar valve
Left ventricle
- ___ Valve that opens into the right ventricle
Right atrioventricular valve
- ___ Heart chamber that receives blood that has just passed through the right atrioventricular
valve
Right ventricle
- ___ Strings that connect the AV valves with the papillary muscles
Chordae tendineae
- ___ The innermost layer of the heart
Endocardium
- ___ Another name for the left AV valve
Bicuspid valve
- ___ The tough, loose-fitting outer layer of the sac covering the heart
Fibrous pericardium
- ___ The lower, pumping chambers of the heart
Ventricles
- ___ The upper chambers of the heart
Tricuspid valve
- ___ This area in the pericardium contains fluid
Pericardial space
- ___ The innermost layer of the sac covering the heart
Serous pericardium
- ___ Another name for the right AV valve
Tricuspid valve
- ___ The muscle layer of the heart
Myocardium
- ___ The outermost layer of the heart
Epicardium
- ___ The muscular wall dividing the right and left ventricles
Interventricular septum
- If the AV node were forced to assume pacemaker activity, what would be the resulting pulse
rate?
a. 10 to 30 beats per minute
b. 20 to 40 beats per minute
c. 30 to 50 beats per minute
d. 40 to 60 beats per minute
d
- The normal pattern of impulse conduction through the heart is:
a. AV node, SA node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.
b. AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, and bundle of His.
c. SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, and bundle of His.
d. SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.
D
- Which of the following most accurately describes what is measured by an electrocardiogram?
a. Electrical conductivity
b. Number of contractions per minute
c. The speed and strength of contractions
d. Any abnormal functioning
A
- Which of the following would not cause an ectopic beat?
a. Bundle of His
b. Purkinje fibers
c. SA node
d. AV node
C
- If the sinoatrial node is setting the pace for the heartbeat, it will usually be:
a. between 85 and 95 beats per minute.
b. between 70 and 75 beats per minute.
c. between 55 and 65 beats per minute.
d. between 45 and 55 beats per minute.
B
- All of the following will increase heart rate except:
a. sympathetic stimulation.
b. a decrease in aortic blood pressure.
c. a decrease in carotid blood pressure.
d. stimulation of cold receptors in the skin.
D
- Which of the following factors increases heart rate?
a. Sudden, intense pain of visceral organs such as the intestines and the gallbladder
b. Stimulation of skin receptors by cold
c. Anxiety and fear
d. Grief
C
- In the cardiac cycle, the R wave is recorded on an ECG during:
a. ventricular contraction.
b. ventricular relaxation.
c. ejection.
d. passive ventricular filling.
A
- During the cardiac cycle, the second heart sound is heard during:
a. ventricular contraction.
b. ventricular relaxation.
c. ejection.
d. passive ventricular filling.
B
- The ECG deflection produced during repolarization of the atria and depolarization of the
ventricles is the:
a. P wave.
b. QRS complex.
c. T wave.
d. U wave.
B
- The semilunar valves open during this part of the cardiac cycle.
a. Atrial systole
b. Ventricular contraction
c. Ejection
d. Passive ventricular filling
C
- The first heart sound heard, or the “lub” sound, is caused by the:
a. ventricles contracting and the AV valves closing.
b. atria contracting and the semilunar valves closing.
c. atria contracting and the semilunar valves closing.
d. ventricles relaxing and the AV valves opening.
A
- The pulse that can be felt in front of your ear is the:
a. temporal artery.
b. carotid artery.
c. brachial artery.
d. There is no pulse that can be felt in front of the ear
A
- Contraction of the left atrium is stimulated by:
a. the AV node.
b. the bundles of His.
c. the Purkinje fibers.
d. the interatrial bundles.
D
- Cardiac output is determined by the:
a. return of blood to the heart and the heart rate.
b. strength of contraction of the left ventricle.
c. stroke volume and heart rate.
d. systolic discharge and stroke volume.
C
- Cardiac output can be computed by:
a. adding the stroke volume and heart rate.
b. subtracting the stroke volume from the heart rate.
c. subtracting the heart rate from the stroke volume.
d. multiplying the heart rate and stroke volume.
D
- The greatest resistance to blood flow occurs in the:
a. arteries.
b. arterioles.
c. venules.
d. capillaries.
B
- Which of the following events will tend to cause a decrease in peripheral resistance?
a. An increase in red blood cell count
b. Anemia
c. Vasoconstriction of the arterioles
d. Both A and C.
B
- An increase in total plasma volume results from the:
a. atrial natriuretic hormone mechanism.
b. antidiuretic hormone mechanism.
c. aldosterone mechanism.
d. Both B and C.
D
- The Frank-Starling mechanism:
a. explains the increased heart rate during exercise.
b. determines the method of computing cardiac output.
c. shows the relationship between the stretch of heart muscle and strength of
contraction.
d. determines peripheral resistance by determining blood viscosity and
vasoconstriction
C
- Which artery in the arm is used for measuring blood pressure?
a. Brachial
b. Radial
c. Ulnar
d. Axillary
A
- When you take a blood pressure reading, the first sound that you hear (the top reading) is the:
a. systolic sound, indicating the relaxation of the ventricles.
b. systolic sound, indicating the contraction of the ventricles.
c. diastolic reading, indicating the contraction of the atria.
d. diastolic sound, indicating the relaxation of the ventricles.
B
- The best description of pulse pressure is the:
a. pressure of blood against artery walls during ventricular systole.
b. pressure of blood against artery walls during ventricular diastole.
c. pressure of blood against artery walls during atrial systole.
d. difference between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressures.
D
- The pulse in the neck is felt over which artery?
a. Temporal
b. Common carotid
c. Esophageal
d. Vertebral
B
- The pulse in the wrist is felt over which artery?
a. Radial
b. Brachial
c. Ulnar
d. Axillary
A
- On an ECG, the T wave represents:
a. depolarization of the atria.
b. repolarization of the atria.
c. depolarization of the ventricles.
d. repolarization of the ventricles.
D
- Depolarization of the ventricles is:
a. depicted by the QRS complex.
b. masked by the massive atrial depolarization.
c. masked by the massive atrial repolarization.
d. depicted by the T wave.
A
- Vasomotor control mechanisms influence:
a. diameter of capillaries.
b. stroke volume.
c. cardiac output.
d. diameter of arterioles.
D
- Which part of the QRS complex represents the repolarization of the atria?
a. Q wave
b. R wave
c. S wave
d. None of the above.
D
- If the blood in the subclavian vein of the chest had a pressure of 25 mm Hg and the pressure
of the superior vena cava that drains the subclavian had a pressure of 15 mm Hg, the right
atrium would have a pressure of:
a. greater than 25.
b. between 15 and 25.
c. less than 15.
d. Could be at any value.
C
- Which of the following statements is true?
a. Stimulation by the vagus nerve slows the heart rate.
b. Stimulation by the cardiac nerve slows the heart rate.
c. Acetylcholine increases the heart rate.
d. Both B and C are true.
A
- Peripheral resistance to blood flow comes about because of:
a. friction between the blood cells and vessel walls.
b. an increase in the reservoir capacity of the veins
c. constriction of the veins at the end of the capillary bed.
d. both A and C.
A
- The effect of what substance is to decrease total blood volume?
a. ADH
b. ANH
c. Aldosterone
d. All of the above decrease blood volume.
B
- Which of the following is true of the conduction system of the heart?
a. It is made of cardiac muscle.
b. It is made of nervous tissue.
c. It requires either a sympathetic or parasympathetic stimulus to begin a beat.
d. Both A and C are true.
A
- Which part of the heart conduction system is referred to as the pacemaker?
a. Purkinje fibers
b. Sinoatrial node
c. Atrioventricular node
d. Atrioventricular bundles
B
- Atrial systole causes blood to:
a. leave the heart.
b. move through the semilunar valves.
c. move through the cuspid valves.
d. do both A and B.
C
- The period between the closure of the semilunar valve and the opening of the atrioventricular
valves is called:
a. atrial systole.
b. ventricular contraction.
c. ventricular relaxation.
d. passive ventricular filling.
C
- The period between the filling of the ventricles and the opening of the semilunar valves is
called:
a. atrial systole.
b. ventricular contraction.
c. ventricular relaxation.
d. passive ventricular filling.
B
- When trying to stop arterial bleeding by applying pressure, why is it necessary to apply
pressure between the bleeding part and the heart?
a. Because blood flows from the heart through the arteries to the injured part,
pressure between the heart and the bleeding point cuts off the source of blood flow
to that point.
b. Because blood pressure is greater in the arteries coming from the heart, pressure
between the heart and bleeding point reduces pressure, thus cutting off the source
of blood flow to that point.
c. Because venous blood pressure changes by alternate contraction and relaxation of
the atria, pressure between the heart and bleeding point cuts off the source of
venous blood flow to that point.
d. Because arterial blood pressure changes by alternate contraction and relaxation of
the atria, pressure between the heart and bleeding point cuts off the source of
arterial blood flow to that point.
A
- ___ First heart sound produced
Ventricular contraction
- ___ Ventricular diastole occurs
d. Isovolumic ventricular relaxation
- ___ Atrioventricular valves open; semilunar valves closed
a. Atrial systole
- ___ T wave appears
c. Ejection
- ___ Blood flows through the open AV valves
e. Passive ventricular filling
_________ located in the right atrial wall just inferior and lateral to the opening of the superior vena cava
Sinoatrial node
- ___ Branches that are at the terminal ends of the bundles of His
Purkinje fibres
- ___ Bundle that facilitates the rapid conduction to the left atrium
Interatrial bundles
- ___ Structure through which conduction moves most slowly
Atrioventricular node
- ___ Bundles that come from the atrioventricular node
e. Bundles of His
Match each ECG wave or complex with the corresponding action in the cardiac cycle.
a. QRS complex
b. P Wave
c. T Wave
12. ___ Ventricular depolarization
13. ___ Atrial depolarization
14. ___ Ventricular repolarization
- A
- B
- C
- ___ The relaxation of vascular muscles that decreases resistance to blood flow
Vasodilation
- ___ The blood pressure when the ventricles are relaxing
Diastolic
- ___ The hormone that increases water reabsorbed by the kidney
ADH
- ___ The instrument that is used to measure blood pressure
m. Sphygmomanometer
- ___ In order for blood to flow, there must be a gradient from high to low pressure in the
circulatory system
b. Primary principle of circulation
- ___ The hormone produced in the heart that reduces the volume of blood
j. ANH
- ___ Receptors that are sensitive to changes in pressure
h. Baroreceptors
- ___ Contraction of vascular muscle that increases resistance to blood flow
Vasoconstriction
- ___ The amount of blood that flows out of a ventricle per unit of time
Cardiac output
- ___ The blood pressure when the ventricles are contracting
Systolic
- ___ The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Pulse pressure
- ___ The number of times the heart beats per minute
Heart rate
- ___ The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle by each heartbeat
Stoke volume
