MCQ Chapter 11: The Muscular System Flashcards
A group of skeletal muscles, their associated blood vessels, and associated nerves with a common function.
compartment
anal triangle
diaphragm
aponeurosis
compartment
The region of the pelvic floor inferior to the pubic symphysis, bounded by the pubic symphysis and the ischial tuberosities, and containing the external genitalia.
deep
fixators
compartments
urogenital triangle
urogenital triangle
A muscle that stabilizes the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover can act more efficiently.
superficial
synergists
fixators
aponeurosis
fixators
In oblique passageway in the anterior abdominal wall just superior and parallel to the medial half of the inguinal ligament that transmits the spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve in the male and round ligament of the uterus and ilioinguinal nerve in the female.
inguinal canal
insertion
perineum
hernia
inguinal canal
A muscle that has an action opposite that of the prime mover (agonist) and yields to the movement of the prime mover.
compartment
anal triangle
antagonist
synergists
antagonist
The attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone or the end opposite the insertion.
fixators
rotator (musculotendinous) cuff
deep
origin
origin
The attachment of a muscle tendon to a movable bone or the end opposite the origin.
insertion
diaphragm
compartments
superficial
insertion
A muscle that assists the prime mover by reducing undesired action or unnecessary movement.
synergists
antagonist
intramuscular (IM) injection
prime mover
Synergists
The muscle directly responsible for producing a desired motion. Also called an agonist (AG-ō-nist).
deep
prime mover
antagonist
synergists
Prime mover
The pelvic floor; the space between the anus and the scrotum in the male and between the anus and the vulva in the female.
compartment
urogenital triangle
perineum
fixators
perineum
An injection that penetrates the skin and subcutaneous layer to enter a skeletal muscle. Common sites are the deltoid, gluteus medius, and vastus lateralis muscles.
synergists
antagonist
prime mover
intramuscular (IM) injection
Intramuscular (IM) injection
Refers to the tendons of four deep shoulder muscles (subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor) that form a complete circle (cuff) around the shoulder; they strengthen and stabilize the shoulder joint
rotator (musculotendinous) cuff
deep
perineum
diaphragm
rotator (musculotendinous) cuff
The subdivision of the female or male perineum that contains the anus.
insertion
anal triangle
fixators
deep
Anal triangle
The muscle that forms the major portion of the cheek is the:
Masseter
Temporalis
Zygomaticus major
Buccinator
Buccinator
1) Most muscles cross at least one
a) tendon
b) joint
c) bone
d) ligament
e) body plane
B
2) The attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary bone is called the _____; the attachment of the muscle’s other tendon to the movable bone is called the _____.
a) origin, action
b) insertion, action
c) origin, insertion
d) insertion, origin
C
3) Motion will occur at a lever system when
a) resistance at the insertion exceeds the load.
b) the force of the contraction is not more than the load.
c) effort at the origin exceeds the load.
d) effort at the insertion exceeds the load.
D
4) Your friend nods ”yes” to you, going through flexion, extension and hyperextension. This movement at the fulcrum represents a
a) first- class lever system
b) second-class lever system
c) third-class lever system
d) third-class lever system
A
7) Which fascicle arrangement, under voluntary or involuntary regulation of contraction, can control the opening or closing an orifice (opening)?
a) pennate
b) triangular
c) circular
d) parallel
e) fusiform
C
9) The muscle that serves as the “prime mover” during a movement is called the
a) antagonist.
b) agonist.
c) synergist.
d) asynergist.
e) fixator.
B
10) This type of muscle works by stabilizing the origin of the agonist so that it can act more efficiently.
a) synergist
b) agonist
c) antagonist
d) fixator
e) secondary mover
D
18) When the knee is being flexed, what is the fulcrum?
a) femur
b) weight of lower leg and foot
c) knee joint
d) tibia
e) contraction of quadriceps femoris
C
19) During knee flexion, what is the effort?
a) knee joint
b) contraction of the hamstring muscle group
c) weight of the lower leg and foot
d) femur
e) tibia
B
21) Which of these muscles flexes the thigh at the hip joint alone but extends the knee working in a group?
a) biceps femoris
b) rectus femoris
c) semitendinosus
d) semimembranosus
e) vastus lateralis
B
22) Which of these muscles has fascicles parallel to the midline?
a) external obliques
b) transverse abdominis
c) rectus femoris
d) biceps femoris
e) orbicularis oculi
C
55) Which muscles help move the jaw during mastication?
a) masseter, temporalis, pterygoid (medial and lateral)
b) genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus
c) omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid
d) sternocleidomastoid, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis
e) orbicularis oris, levator labii superioris, depressor labii inferioris
A
56) During inhalation, _____muscles contract to elevate the ribs. During forced exhalation, ______muscles contract to depress the ribs.
a) external intercostals; internal intercostals
b) transverse abdominis; diaphragm
c) diaphragm ; transverse abdominis
d) internal intercostals; external intercostals
e) rectus abdominis; external obliques
A
60) Which of these groups includes only muscles that move the humerus but do NOT originate on the axial skeleton?
a) serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi, trapezius
b) supraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, infraspinatus
c) deltoid, brachioradialis, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major
d) trapezius, pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, triceps brachii
e) triceps brachii, biceps brachii, brachioradialis
B
63) If one is stabbed on the lateral side of the abdomen, what abdominal muscles, in order from superficial to deep, will the knife go through?
a) rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique
b) external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
c) transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, external oblique
d) external oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis
e) internal oblique, transversus abdominis, external oblique
B
64) Protrusion of an organ through a structure that normally contains it is referred to as a
a) hernia.
b) goitre.
c) strain.
d) sprain.
e) hydrocele.
A
65) A 1 year old child presents with crossed eyes. While she seems fine and is able to recognize people, the patient is diagnosed with
a) nystagmus.
b) strabismus.
c) presbyopia.
d) myopia.
e) hypermetropia.
B
66) What terms can be used to describe forearm muscle movements at the wrist but NOT on the fingers at the interphalangeal joints?
a) flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
b) extension and flexion
c) abduction and adduction
d) flexion and adduction
e) pronation and supination
C
67) Which motions can be made by the upper limbs but NOT by the lower limbs?
a) pronation and supination
b) flexion and extension
c) adduction and abduction
d) lateral and medial rotation
A
68) Tim ate something that is not agreeing with his digestive tract. He needs to go to the bathroom to defecate, but there is a line. What muscle helps keep the anal canal and anus closed?
a) bulbospongiosus.
b) ischiocavernosus
c) obturator internus
d) external anal sphincter
e) sphincter urethrovaginalis
D
69) Forcefully blowing through a trumpet would require contraction of which muscle?
a) buccinator
b) zygomaticus major
c) levator labii superiors
d) risorius
e) occipitofrontalis
A
71) Which of the following is a muscle whose insertion is found on the clavicle and acromion process of the scapula within the pectoral girdle?
a) trapezius
b) pectoralis major
c) latissimus dorsi
d) gracilus
e) sartorius
A
73) Based on its name, which of the following best describes characteristics of the biceps femoris muscle?
a) has two insertions and found in lower leg
b) has two bellies and found in the upper leg
c) has two origins and found in the upper leg
d) has two origins and found in the upper arm
e) has two insertions and found in the upper leg
C
74) The ______ are the synergist muscles to the diaphragm during inspiration.
a) external intercostals
b) external obliques
c) rectus abdominis
d) internal intercostals
e) internal obliques
A
75) This muscle, which is found in the neck, functions to elevate the hyoid bone and help press the tongue against the roof of the mouth during swallowing.
a) mylohyoid
b) sternothyroid
c) sternocleidomastoid
d) digastric
e) masseter
A
77) ) Your friend nods back and forth to you, making the yes motion. What lever system is being represented by this ‘yes’ motion?
a) First-class lever
b) Second-class lever
c) Third-class lever
A
78) Your friend nods back and forth to you, making the “yes” motion. What muscle actions on the head at the neck are involved in this ‘yes’ motion?
a) rotation and circumduction
b) lateral and medial rotation
c) extension and flexion
d) protraction and retraction
e) elevation and depression
C
80) “How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood” is difficult to say. What muscles work together to allow this to be spoken?
a) masseter, buccinators, temporalis, platysma
b) palatoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus, hyoglossus
c) risorius, zygomaticus minor, zygomaticus major
d) mentalis, orbicularis oris, levator labii superioris
e) sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid
B
81) Robert is training for a track race. He slightly tears his calcaneal tendon. The doctors prescribe P.R.I.C.E. and give him medicine for inflammation and pain. Robert most likely has a
a) muscle sprain
b) muscle strain
c) repetitive strain injuries
d) plantar fasciitis
e) compartment syndrome
B
84) A woman complains of problems going up steps. Tests reveal hip extension weakness but no issues with hip flexion or knee flexion or extension. What muscle is most likely damaged?
a) Adductor magnus
b) Gluteus maximus
c) Gluteus medius
d) Semitendinosus
e) Sartorius
B
85) Due to the muscle attachments, a fracture to the ischial tuberosity would affect what lower limb movement?
a) adduction of the thigh
b) dorsiflexion of the foot
c) extension of the leg
d) flexion of the leg
e) abduction of the thigh
D
The attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary bone is called the _______
origin
The attachment of the muscle’s other tendon to the movable bone is called the _______
insertion
The origin is usually _______ and the insertion_____
proximal and distal
T/F The insertion is usually pulled toward the origin
TRUE
The fleshy portion of the muscle between the tendons is called the_______
Belly
The ________ of a muscle is the main movement that occur when the muscle contracts.
action
What is the definition of reverse muscle action
This means that during specific movements of the body, the actions are reversed; therefore, the positions of the origin and insertion of a specific muscle are switched.
What is a first-class lever?
When the fulcrum is between the effort and the load
What is the fulcrum?
The point on which a lever rests or is supported and on which it pivots.
When naming a muscle what does direction tell you?
Orientation of muscle fascicles related to the body’s mid line
Direction term: Rectus means?
Parallel to the midline
Direction term: Transverse meaning
Perpendicular to the midline
Direction term: Oblique meaning
Diagonal to midline
When naming a muscle what does size tell you?
Relative size of a muscle
SIZE TERM: what does Maximus mean?
Largest
SIZE TERM: what does Minimus mean?
Smallest
SIZE TERM: what does longus mean?
Long
SIZE TERM: what does Brevis mean?
Short
SIZE TERM: what does Latissimus mean?
Widest
SIZE TERM: what does Longissimus mean?
Longest
SIZE TERM: what does Magnus mean?
Large
SIZE TERM: what does Major mean?
Larger
SIZE TERM: what does Minor mean?
Smaller
SIZE TERM: what does Vastus mean?
Huge
SHAPE TERM: what does Deltoid mean?
Triangular
SHAPE TERM: what does Trapezius mean?
Trapezoid
SHAPE TERM: what does Serratus mean?
Saw-toothed
SHAPE TERM: what does Rhomboid mean?
Diamond-shaped
SHAPE TERM: what does Orbicularis mean?
circular
SHAPE TERM: what does Pectinate mean?
comblike
SHAPE TERM: what does Piriformis mean?
Pear-shaped
SHAPE TERM: what does Platys mean?
Flat
SHAPE TERM: what does Quadratus mean?
Square, four-sided
SHAPE TERM: what does Gracilis mean?
Slender
ACTION TERM: what does Flexor mean?
decrease joint angle
ACTION TERM: what does Extensor mean?
increases joint angle
ACTION TERM: what does Abductor mean?
Moves bone away from midline
ACTION TERM: what does adductor mean?
Moves bone closer to the midline
ACTION TERM: what does Levator mean?
Raises or elevates body part
ACTION TERM: what does Depressor mean?
lowers or depresses body part
ACTION TERM: what does Supinator mean?
Turns palms anteriorly
ACTION TERM: what does Pronator mean?
Turns palm posteriorly
ACTION TERM: what does Sphincter mean?
decreased size of an opening
ACTION TERM: what does Tensor mean?
Make body part rigid
ACTION TERM: what does Rotator mean?
Rotates bone around longitudinal axis
THE NUMBER OF ORIGINS TERM: what do the Biceps mean?
two origins
THE NUMBER OF ORIGINS TERM: what do the Triceps mean?
Three origins
THE NUMBER OF ORIGINS TERM: what do the Quadriceps mean?
Four Origins
What is the definition of Location in naming bones?
Structure near which a muscle is found
The only action of the ______ muscle is to extend the head.
Splenius capitis
Spinalis capitis
Semispinalis capitis
Longissimus capitis
Spinalis capitis
All of the following muscles flex the forearm at the elbow except
brachialis
biceps brachii
deltoid
brachioradialis
deltoid
If the median nerve had damage, what movement of the thumb would be affected?
extension
flexion
adduction
abduction
flexion
When the phrenic nerve stimulates the diaphragm, it contracts and ________ the thoracic cavity.
Expands
This muscle bears its name because of the number of tendons of origin.
platysma
latissimus dorsi
quadriceps femoris
rectus abdominus
quadriceps femoris
Which muscle’s insertion secures the patella in place?
quadriceps femoris
adductor longus
gracilis
sartorius
hamstrings
pectineus
quadriceps femoris
This muscle inserts on the temporal bone and the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone.
sternocleidomastoid
platysma
semispinalis capitis
sternohyoid
sternocleidomastoid
When the arms are extended as if you are flying, this muscle is abducting the humerus.
deltoid
latissimus dorsi
pectoralis major
coracobrachialis
deltoid
Injury to lower thoracic spinal nerves may affect?
forced exhalation
All of the choices are correct.
urination
abdominal muscle tone
All of the choices are correct.
When lifting a weight over the head, this muscle elevates the scapula.
pectoralis major
serratus anterior
levator scapulae
trapezius
levator scapulae
This muscle is responsible for “winking”.
Superior rectus
Occipitofrontalis
Corrugator supercilii
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oculi
Running on hard surfaces often causes shin splint syndrome and is due to the irritation of the
tibialis anterior
gastrocnemius
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis longus
tibialis anterior
What is the functon of synergist muscles?
to contract to cause an action
to contract and stabilize the intermediate joints
to stretch and yield to the effects of the prime mover
to stabilize the origin of the prime mover
to contract and stabilize the intermediate joints
While chewing a steak, the muscle supplying the most force of contraction is the _______________________.
lateral pterygoid
temporalis
medial pterygoid
masseter
masseter
From deepest to superficial, which is the correct order of the three gluteal muscles?
gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus
gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
gluteus minimus, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius
gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus
A young man receives an injection for dental work and for a short time is unable to suck through a straw. What muscle was affected?
Zygomaticus major
Masseter
Platysma
Buccinator
Buccinator
Damage to Cranial Nerve VII (facial) would affect all except
elevating the eyelid
puckering of the lips
drooling
closing of the eye
drooling
Damage to Cranial Nerve VII (facial) would affect all except
elevating the eyelid
puckering of the lips
drooling
closing of the eye
drooling
Dental work leaves a patient drooling after an injection, what nerve was involved?
oculomotor nerve (III)
trigeminal nerve (V)
facial nerve (VII)
vague nerve (X)
facial nerve (VII)
Which muscle name indicates location and action?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Vastus lateralis
Biceps femoris
Sternocleidomastoid
Flexor carpi ulnaris
A person is almost in the anatomical position but the palms of their hands are facing to the posterior. What type of muscle would turn the palms of the hands to the anterior?
Abductor
Pronator
Rotator
Supinator
Supinator
Which of the following muscle names indicates fascicles that run perpendicular to the midline of the body in the abdominal wall?
External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis
Transversus abdominis
Muscles arranged in fascicles that act as valves to open and close openings in the body are
circular
parallel
fusiform
pennate
circular
The principal action of this muscle is to increase the angle across a joint.
extensor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpi radialis
abductor pollicus longus
adductor longus
extensor carpi ulnaris
The end of the muscle that remains stationary when the muscle contracts is called the
extensor
flexor
origin
insertion
origin
What type of lever is present if the effort is between the fulcrum and the load?
3rd class lever
2nd class lever
1st class lever
3rd class lever
A rigid structure that can move around a fixed point is a(n)
agonist
fulcrum
load
lever
lever
How is skeletal muscle tone maintained without muscles fatiguing?
There is constant stimulation by autonomic motor neurons.
The calcium channels in the neuron are never closed.
There is an alteration of different motor units.
Acetylcholinesterase is inhibited.
There is an alteration of different motor units.
In isotonic contractions,
muscle length lengthens.
the load remains stationary.
muscle tension exceeds the force of the load.
none of the choices are correct.
muscle tension exceeds the force of the load.
All the cells in a motor unit contract
depends on where in the body
at the same time
independently of each other
at the same time
The time between the application of the stimulus and cross-bridge formation is the
relaxation period
latent period
refractory period
contraction period
latent period
Why are some muscles are capable of more complex actions?
they cross over two joints
they have reverse muscle action
they cross over one joint
they do not cover the body part they are responsible for moving
they cross over two joints
Skeletal muscles produce movements by pulling on these.
joints
levers
tendons
bones
bones
Which of the following describes the main movements made when a muscle contracts?
load
reverse muscle action
effort
actions
actions
