MCQ Chapter 14: The Brain and Cranial Nerves Flashcards by Brianna Milley

A large, oval structure located bilaterally on either side of the third ventricle, consisting of two masses of gray matter organized into nuclei; main relay center for sensory impulses ascending to the cerebral cortex.

thalamus
concussion
encephalitis
ataxia

thalamus

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A white matter tract that originates in the gracile and cuneate nuclei of the medulla oblongata and extends to the thalamus on the same side; sensory axons in this tract conduct nerve impulses for the sensations of proprioception, touch, vibration, hearing, and equilibrium.

tentorium cerebelli
medial lemniscus
medulla oblongata
encephalitis

medial lemniscus

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Occurs after a viral infection, particularly chickenpox or influenza, most often in children or teens who have taken aspirin; characterized by vomiting and brain dysfunction (disorientation, lethargy, and personality changes) that may progress to coma and death.

reye’s syndrome
diencephalon
internal capsule
corpus callosum

reye’s syndrome

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A portion of the diencephalon, lying beneath the thalamus and forming the floor and part of the wall of the third ventricle.

Hypothalamus
Cerebral cortex
Reye’s syndrome
Broca’s area

Hypothalamus

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Inability to recognize the significance of sensory stimuli such as sounds, sights, smells, tastes, and touch.

superior
agnosia
corpus striatum
median aperture

agnosia

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A state of partial unconsciousness from which a person can be aroused; associated with a low level of activity in the reticular activating system.

pontine respiratory group
prosopagnosia
sleep
corpus callosum

sleep

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A condition of functional sluggishness.

Lethargy
Cerebellum
Prosopagnosia
Pia mater

Lethargy

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The portion of the brain immediately superior to the spinal cord, made up of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain.

cerebellum
reye’s syndrome
brainstem
neural plate

brainstem

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Inability to carry out purposeful movements in the absence of paralysis.

blood-brain barrier (BBB)
broca’s area
olive
apraxia

apraxia

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A region of the cerebral cortex in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum that controls specific muscles or groups of muscles.

primary motor cortex
reye’s syndrome
ataxia
reflex

primary motor cortex

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A transient disorder of abnormal cognition and disordered attention accompanied by disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle and psychomotor behavior (hyperactivity or hypoactivity of movements and speech). Also called acute confusional state (ACS).

cerebral cortex
blood-brain barrier (BBB)
delirium
microcephaly

delirium

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A fold of the dura mater extending deep into the longitudinal fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres.

pia mater
falx cerebri
olive
corpus striatum

falx cerebri

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Falling or drooping of the eyelid (or slippage of any organ such as a kidney below its normal position).

optic chiasm
sleep
primary motor cortex
ptosis

Ptosis

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A barrier consisting of specialized brain capillaries and astrocytes that prevents the passage of materials from the blood to the cerebrospinal fluid and brain.

stupor
blood-brain barrier (BBB)
cerebral cortex
cerebrum

blood-brain barrier (BBB)

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The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranial cavity.

tentorium cerebelli
brain
medullary respiratory center
brain waves

brain

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Part of the diencephalon superior and posterior to the thalamus, comprising the pineal gland and associated structures.

brainstem
medial lemniscus
neural plate
epithalamus

epithalamus

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The white matter tracts of the cerebellum, which have a treelike appearance when seen in midsagittal section.

reflex
ectoderm
midbrain
arbor vitae

Arbor vitae

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A region of the cerebral cortex posterior to the central sulcus in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum that localizes exactly the points of the body where somatic sensations originate.

brain
primary somatosensory cortex
blood-brain barrier (BBB)
tentorium cerebelli

primary somatosensory cortex

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Unresponsiveness from which a patient can be aroused only briefly and only by vigorous and repeated stimulation.

primary somatosensory cortex
ataxia
cerebrum
stupor

stupor

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Inability to recognize faces, usually caused by damage to the facial recognition area in the inferior temporal lobe of both cerebral hemispheres.

Medulla oblongata
Encephalopathy
Prosopagnosia
Midbrain

Prosopagnosia

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A network of small groups of neuronal cell bodies scattered among bundles of axons (mixed gray and white matter) beginning in the medulla oblongata and extending superiorly through the central part of the brainstem.

reticular formation
medial lemniscus
ptosis
median aperture

Reticular formation

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A part of the brain consisting of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

primary motor cortex
diencephalon
internal capsule
median aperture

Diencephalon

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Any disorder of the brain.

encephalopathy
superior
brain
falx cerebelli

Encephalopathy

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Traumatic injury to the brain that produces no visible bruising but may result in abrupt, temporary loss of consciousness.

broca’s area
brain
concussion
corpus striatum

Concussion

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The most inferior part of the brainstem internal capsule medulla oblongata ataxia muscle tone

Medulla oblongata

Permanent or progressive general loss of intellectual abilities, including impairment of memory, judgment, and abstract thinking and changes in personality. dementia lethargy median aperture medulla oblongata

Dementia

One of the three openings in the roof of the fourth ventricle through which cerebrospinal fluid enters the subarachnoid space of the brain and spinal cord. median aperture dura mater muscle tone reticular formation

Median aperture

The part of the brain lying posterior to the medulla oblongata and pons; governs balance and coordinates skilled movements. cerebellum encephalopathy medulla oblongata limbic system

Cerebellum

A prominent oval mass on each lateral surface of the superior part of the medulla oblongata. superior prosopagnosia ectoderm olive

Olive

A transverse shelf of dura mater that forms a partition between the occipital lobe of the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum and that covers the cerebellum. Internal capsule Prosopagnosia Tentorium cerebelli Broca's area

Tentorium cerebelli

1) The brain and spinal cord develop from the _____ neural tube. a) mesodermal b) endodermal c) ectodermal

4) Which of the following brain structures consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain? a) Brainstem b) Cerebrum c) Cerebellum d) Diencephalon e) Dura mater

5) Which of the following brain structures consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus? a) Cerebellum b) Brain stem c) Cerebrum d) Diencephalon e) Dura mater

6) The periosteal and meningeal layer are part of the a) Spinal dura mater b) Cranial dura mater c) Spinal arachnoid mater d) Cranial arachnoid mater e) Cranial pia mater

10) Which portion of the ventricular system is located in the cerebral hemisphere? a) Lateral ventricle b) aqueduct of the midbrain c) Fourth ventricle d) Third ventricle

11) Cerebrospinal fluid passes through what structure in the midbrain as it moves from the third to the fourth ventricle? a) Lateral ventricle b) Septum pellucidum c) Third ventricle d) Fourth ventricle e) Aqueduct of the midbrain

12) Which of the following describes a function of cerebrospinal fluid? 1. Maintain optimum ionic environment 2. Maintain pH homeostasis 3. Provide circulation for exchange of nutrients/wastes 4. Serve as a shock-absorbing fluid system of spinal cord 5. Provide buoyancy of the brain a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 4, 5 c) 1, 3, 5 d) 2, 3, 4, 5 e) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

14) What are the fingerlike projections extending into the dural venous sinuses that reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid into the blood? a) Choroid plexuses b) Microvilli c) Arachnoid villi d) Astrocytes e) Aperatures

15) A stroke patient has a lesion on their trigeminal ophthalmic branch. Which symptom would the patient exhibit? a) loss of smell b) loss of pain, temperature and touch sesnsation c) loss of sensation on posterior part of tongue d) loss of sensation on anterior 2/3 of tongue e) paralysis of tongue muscles

16) A lesion on which structure would affect the acoustic “startle reflex”? a) Superior colliculus b) Inferior colliculus c) Pontine nucleus d) Medial lemniscus e) Inferior olivary nucleus

17) Which region of the brain contains the pontine respiratory group that help control breathing? a) Medulla oblongata b) Midbrain c) Pons d) Thalamus e) Cerebellum

20) Which of the following branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve terminate in the nuclei of the pons? Select all that apply. a) motor branches of the Ophthalmic nerve b) motor branches of the Maxillary nerve c) motor branches of the Mandibular nerve d) sensory branches of the Ophthalmic nerve e) sensory branches of the Maxillary nerve f) sensory branches of the Mandibular nerve

Answer 1: d Answer 2: e Answer 3: f

21) [___] is found in the medulla oblongata and receives sensory information associated with touch, pressure and vibration. Dropdown choices: Gracile nucleus Inferior olivary nucleus Pontine nucleus Red nucleus Substantia nigra

Gracile nucleus

23) Which portion of the cerebellum contributes to equilibrium and balance? a) Tentorium cerebelli b) Anterior lobe c) Posterior lobe d) Flocculonodular lobe e) Transverse fissure

24) Folia are to ___ , as arbor vitae are to ___. a) gyri; tracts b) nuclei; lobes c) sulci; septum pellucidum d) fissures; ventricles e) lobes; hemispheres

25) Spinocerebellar tract axons carry sensory information into the cerebellum by the a) Inferior cerebellar peduncle b) Middle cerebellar peduncle c) Superior cerebellar peduncle d) Anterior lobe e) Posterior lobe

26) Which region of the brain is separated by the third ventricle and projects most sensory information to the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem? a) Thalamus b) Hypothalamus c) Epithalamus d) Pons e) Midbrain

27) The hypothalamus affects which functions in the body? Select all that apply. a) Hunger and thirst b) Reflexes related to smell c) Maintenance of consciousness d) Emotional behavior e) Body temperature f) Control of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system g) Vomiting h) Respiration rate

Answer: abdef

30) During brain development, the gyri of the cerebrum are formed because a) the white matter enlarges faster than the overlying gray matter. b) the cerebral cortex folds to fit within the cranium. c) the tracts must be fully formed before gray matter can develop d) the gray matter grows faster than the underlying white matter. e) the oligodendrocytes cannot myelinate neurons quickly

31) Which of the following conducts nerve impulses between the two different hemispheres of the cerebrum? a) Association tracts b) Basal nuclei c) Projection tracts d) Septum pellucidum e) Commissural tracts

32) The basal nuclei are formed from which masses of gray matter? Select all that apply. a) globus pallidus b) putamen c) lateral dorsal nucleus d) corpus callosum e) caudate nucleus f) ventral anterior nucleus

Answer: abe

33) Which functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for the perception of touch, coldness and warmth? a) Broca’s area b) Primary visual area c) Common integrative area d) Prefrontal cortex area e) Primary somatosensory area

34) Which functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for the ability to form words? a) Broca’s area b) Primary visual area c) Common integrative area d) Primary olfactory area e) Primary somatosensory area

35) Which area of the cerebrum is matched correctly with its function? Select all that apply. a) Broca’s area – interprets the meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words b) Primary visual area – relates present and past visual experience and allows recognition c) Somatosensory association area – facial recognition d) Primary motor area – voluntary muscle contraction e) Primary somatosensory area – proprioception, pressure, tickle and pain

Answer: de

36) Frontal lobe damage left an individual unable to speak. What area was specifically damaged? a) Broca’s area b) Primary gustatory area c) Common integrative area d) Prefrontal cortex area e) Wernicke’s area

37) Which cranial nerves innervate only one eye muscle? Select all that apply. a) oculomotor (III) nerve b) trigeminal (V) nerve c) abducens (VI) nerve d) vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve e) trochlear (IV) nerve

Answer: ce

38) Which cranial nerves control movements of the eyeball? a) optic (II) nerve, oculomotor (III) nerve, and trochlear (IV) nerve b) olfactory (I) nerve, trigeminal (V) nerve, and vagus (X) nerve c) oculomotor (III) nerve, glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve, and trigeminal (V) nerve d) oculomotor (III) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve, and abducens (VI) nerve e) vagus (X) nerve, accessory (XI) nerve, and hypoglossal (XII) nerve

39) All of the cranial nerves listed exit the cranium by bony openings in front of the petrous portion. a) trochlear b) abducens c) trigeminal d) facial e) oculomotor

40) Damaging which cranial nerve could decrease gastrointestinal secretions? a) Oculomotor b) Trigeminal c) Spinal accessory d) Facial e) Vagus

41) A baseball player is hit by a line drive on the temporal area of his skull. At the hospital the doctors give a CT scan which shows an accumulation of blood between the dura mater and arachnoid mater, creating pressure on the cerebrum. The hemorrhage from the fracture would be located in which space? a) epidural space b) subdural space c) subarachnoid space d) nasal sinus e) straight sinus

42) In this diagram, injury to which area would affect sensory impulses reaching the cerebral cortex? a)A b) B c) C d) D e) E

43) Which of the labelled structures in the diagram contains centers that control heart rate and blood pressure? a)A b) B c) D d) E e) F

44) In this diagram which major portion of the brain is used to monitor movements initiated by the motor areas of the cerebrum? a) B b) E c) F d) C e) A

47) Anosmia may result from head injuries in which the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is fractured. This condition results in impaired function of which cranial nerve in the diagram? a)A b) B c) C d) D e) E

48) Infections may spread from the nasal cavity to the meninges along olfactory nerves. These fibres travel from the mucosa of the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb through the a) cribriform plate. b) crista galli. c) superior orbital fissure. d) inferior oribital fissure. e) optic foramen.

49) Which cranial nerve in the diagram has a somatic motor function primarily involved in moving the upper eyelid and eyeball and an autonomic function involved in iris muscle contraction? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) F

50) Left side face paralysis could result from damage to which nerve in the diagram? a) C b) D c) E d) F e) G

51) Damage to which of the cranial nerves in the diagram would result in strabismus? Select all that apply a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E f) F g) G

Answer 1: c Answer 2: d Answer 3: f

52) During a firework celebration, a firework exploded next to a technician’s ear, resulting in hearing loss. What nerve was damaged? a) E b) G c) H d) I e) J

53) The maxillary branch of which cranial nerve in the diagram would be anesthetized by dentists for upper jaw work? a) E b) G c) H d) I e) J

54) You smell fresh baked cookies, and your mouth begins to salivate. Which cranial nerves are involved? Select all that apply a) B b) I c) D d) E e) F f) A g) G h) H i) K j) J

Answer 1: b Answer 2: f Answer 3: g

55) Damage to which cranial nerve in the diagram will cause the inability of an eyeball to move laterally beyond the midpoint? a) B b) C c) D d) E e) F

56) Facial movement is primarily controlled by ____nerve, while sensation from the face is primarily determined by ____nerve. a) facial; trigeminal b) trigeminal; facial c) glossopharyngeal; trigeminal d) glossopharyngeal; facial e) accessory; facial

57) A patient shows no effect when a light shines in the right eye, but shining a light into the left eye causes both pupils (right and left) to constrict. A lesion on the ______ nerve could cause this. a) optic b) trochlear c) trigeminal d) facial

58) Damage to which cranial nerve may result in death? a) glossopharyngeal b) vagus c) vestibulocochlear d) oculomotor e) facial

59) Which cranial nerves in the diagram innervate the tongue? Select all that apply a) H b) I c) J d) K e) L f) D g) E h) F i) G

B & D & I & G

60) Which cranial nerve in the diagram is involved with speech and swallowing and has a purely motor function? a) H b) I c) J d) K e) L

61) Hand preference when writing or throwing is an example of a) cranial nerve damage. b) hemispheric lateralization. c) damage to the olfactory nerve. d) damage to Broca’s area.

62) The right hemisphere exhibits greater activity for which functions? Select all that apply. a) facial recognition. b) odor identification. c) writing. d) reasoning. e) aphasia.

A & B

63) An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brain waves primarily generated by a) neurons in the pons. b) neurons in the medulla oblongata. c) neurons in the thalamus. d) neurons in the cerebral cortex. e) neurons in the cerebellum.

64) Which type of brain wave occurs at regular intervals when a person is awake but not when a person is sleeping? a) Alpha waves b) Beta waves c) Theta waves d) Delta waves. e) All of the selections are correct

65) Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called a) alpha waves. b) beta waves. c) theta waves. d) delta waves. e) P waves.

66) Brain waves that appear during deep sleep are called a) alpha waves. b) beta waves. c) theta waves. d) delta waves. e) P waves.

67) Blood flows to the brain through the _____ arteries and away from the brain through the _____ veins. a) internal carotid and vertebral; internal jugular b) external carotid and vertebral; external jugular c) internal jugular and vertebral; internal carotid d) internal carotid and axillary; internal jugular e) external jugular and axillary; external jugular

68) Which of the following statements best describes the structure of the blood-brain barrier that provides its functional characteristics? a) Processes of astrocytes wrap tightly around capillaries in the brain. b) Tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain. c) Gap junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain. d) Spot desmosomes tightly link capillary endothelial cells together. e) The basement membrane of capillaries in the brain contains extremely small pores.

69) Damage to this nucleus would affect input from the limbic system, superior colliculi and cerebral cortex, affecting the ability to express emotions. a) lateral geniculate nucleus b) medial geniculate nucleus c) ventral posterior nucleus d) lateral dorsal nucleus e) ventral lateral nucleus

70) The central sulcus of the cerebrum separates the_____, and the lateral fissure separates the _____. a) two cerebral hemispheres; frontal lobe from the parietal lobe b) frontal lobe from the parietal lobe; temporal lobe from the frontal lobe c) frontal lobe from the temporal lobe; occipital lobe from parietal lobe d) parietal lobe from the temporal lobe; parietal lobe from frontal lobe e) temporal lobe from the occipital lobe; temporal lobe from parietal lobe

71) Which lobe of the cerebrum is found deep to the other four lobes and thus cannot be observed from the surface? a) occipital b) temporal c) parietal d) insula e) frontal

72) [___] are used to conduct nerve impulses between gyri within the same cerebral hemisphere? Association tracts Commissural tracts Projection tracts

Association tracts

73) Which are areas of gray matter found in each cerebral hemisphere that are important in helping to control the initiation and termination of skeletal muscle movements? a) red nuclei b) vestibular nuclei c) lateral olivary nuclei d) basal nuclei e) substantia nigra

74) Damage to which portion of the limbic system results in loss of memory of recent events and difficulty committing anything new to memory? a) amygdala b) dentate gyrus c) cingulate gyrus d) hippocampus e) septal nuclei

75) A common type of disabling senile dementia that results in progressive loss of intellectual ability, is called a) agnosia. b) prosopagnosia. c) Alzheimer disease. d) transient ischemic attack syndrome. e) amylotrophic lateral sclerosis.

78) A child riding a bike falls and hits their head. The child was not wearing a helmet. In the emergency room, cerebrospinal fluid taken during a spinal tap reveals blood. The doctors diagnosed the child had torn cerebral veins as they pass to the superior sagittal sinus. What area of the body was the fluid taken? a) Epidural space b) Subarachnoid space c) Subdural space d) Superior sagittal sinus e) Lateral ventricles

79) An infant has hydrocephalus. The CSF could not get out of the third ventricle. What passage was blocked? a) central canal b) aqueduct of midbrain c) interventricular foramen d) lateral aperture e) median aperture

80) Blockage of cerebrospinal fluid within the aqueduct of the midbrain would result in the swelling of all ventricular spaces EXCEPT the a) Lateral ventricle b) Third ventricle c) Fourth ventricle d) Interventricular foramen e) Right and left ventricles

81) Eating disorders may lead to extreme thirst and temperature variations. These symptoms may describe dysfunction in the a) Thalamus b) Medulla oblongata c) Hypothalamus d) Pons e) Tectum

82) An individual cannot feel tactile sensation on the right side of the face. A lesion could be in which brainstem region? a) Medulla oblongata b) Pons c) Midbrain d) Tectum

83) A patient with Wernicke’s aphasia would exhibit what issues upon examination? a) Slow, non-fluent speech devoid of meaning b) Can understand what is being said, but unable to repeat the words c) Difficulty pronouncing multisyllabic words d) No expression of fear or emotions e) Unable to recognize faces

84) A boy has been reported to lack fear and not show any stress in dangerous situations. These symptoms suggest issues with which area of the brain? a) Parietal lobe b) Frontal lobe c) Occipital lobe d) Amygdala e) Midbrain

85) The left cerebellar hemisphere receives information from the ___cerebral hemisphere. This type of input is considered _____. a) Right; ipsilateral b) Right contralateral c) Left; ipsilateral d) Left; contralateral