Chapter 13 Questions Based on Objectives Flashcards
The first layer of protection for the central nervous system is the_________
Hard bony skull and vertebral column.
The second protective layer of the brain is the ________
meninges
What are meninges?
three distinct protective, connective tissue coverings that encircle the spinal cord and brain.
The spinal cord is also protected by a cushion of fat and connective tissue located in the _____
epidural space
What is the epidural space?
a space between the dura mater and the wall of the vertebral canal
What are the three types of Meningeal layers?
Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater
What is Dura Mater?
The most superficial of the three spinal meninges is a thick strong layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue.
What is Arachnoid Mater?
This layer, the middle of the meningeal membranes, is a thin, avascular covering comprised of cells and thin, loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibres.
What is the subdural space?
the space between the Dura mater and Arachnoid mater, which contains interstitial fluid.
What is Pia Mater?
Innermost layer of the meninx; thin transparent connective tissue that adheres to the surface of the spinal cord and brain.
What is the Subarachnoid space?
Is the space between the Arachnoid mater and Pia mater consisting of shock-absorbing cerebrospinal fluid.
Which of the three mater layers contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord?
Pia Mater
In External Anatomy of the Spinal Cord What is Cervical enlargement?
Enlargements extending from the 4th cervical vertebra (C4) to the 1st thoracic vertebra (T1).
What nerves are in the Cervical Enlargement?
Nerves to and from the upper limbs are from the cervical enlargement.
In External Anatomy of the Spinal Cord, What is Lumbar enlargement?
Inferior enlargement, extends from the 9th (T9) to twelfth (12th) thoracic vertebra.
What nerves are in the Lumbar Enlargement?
Nerves to and from the lower limbs are from the lumbar enlargement
In External Anatomy of the Spinal Cord, What is Conus medullaris?
Inferior to cervical and lumbar enlargement, the spinal cord terminates as a conical structure called conus medullaris.
In External Anatomy of the Spinal Cord, What is Filum Terminal?
Extension of pia mater that extends inferiorly (down) fuses with arachnoid mater and dura mater. And anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx.
In External Anatomy of the Spinal Cord, What is Cauda equina?
The roots of nerves are collectively called Cauda equina (horse’s tail).
In Internal Anatomy of the Spinal Cord, What is Anterior median fissure?
Wide groove on the anterior side, penetrating the white matter.
In Internal Anatomy of the Spinal Cord, What is Posterior median sulcus?
Narrow furrow on the posterior side, penetrating the white matter.
In Internal Anatomy of the Spinal Cord, What is Gray commissure?
Forms the crossbar of the H (grey matter).
In Internal Anatomy of the Spinal Cord, What is the Central canal?
Small space in the center of the Gray commissure.
-Extends the length of the spinal cord filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
In Internal Anatomy of the Spinal Cord, What is
Anterior or White commissure?
Anterior to gray commissure; connects the white matter of the left and right sides of the spinal cord.