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Anatomy & Physiology Unit 2/3 Ch11-20 > Chapter 18: The endocrine system > Flashcards

Chapter 18: The endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hormone?

A

is a molecule that is released in one part of the body but regulates the activity of cells in other parts of the body.

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2
Q

How do hormones enter the blood?

A

Most hormones enter interstitial fluid and then the bloodstream.

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3
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

secrete their products into ducts that carry the secretions into body cavities

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4
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

secrete their products (hormones) into the interstitial fluid surrounding the secretory cells rather than into ducts

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5
Q

What do molecules do in the endocrine system?

A

Hormones delivered to tissues throughout body by blood.

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6
Q

What does site of action mean in the endocrine system?

A

Far from site of release (usually); binds to receptors on or in target cells.

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7
Q

What type of target cells are associated with the endocrine system?

A

Cells throughout the body.

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8
Q

What does time to onset of action in the endocrine system mean?

A

Seconds to hours or days

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9
Q

What is the duration of action for the endocrine system?

A

generally longer (seconds to days)

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10
Q

Hormones influence target cells by binding to a specific protein ____________

A

receptors

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11
Q

Only the _________ cells for a given hormone have
receptors that bind and recognize that hormone

A

target

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12
Q

What is the down-regulation of target cell receptors?

A

When there is an excess of target cells receptors in the blood so the body decreases the sensitivity of the receptors

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13
Q

What is the up-regulation of target cell receptors?

A

When there is less of target cells receptors in the blood so the body icreases the sensitivity of the receptors

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14
Q

Most endocrine hormones are _________hormones—they pass from the secretory cells that make them into interstitial fluid and then into the blood

A

circulating

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15
Q

What is a local hormone?

A

They act only on neighboring cells

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16
Q

Local hormones that act on neighbouring cells are called?

A

Paracrines

17
Q

Local hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them are called__________?

A

autocrines

18
Q

Local hormones usually are __________quickly

A

inactivated

19
Q

Circulating hormones may linger in the blood for how long

A

a few minutes or occasionally for a few hours

20
Q

What are the two types of hormone classes?

A

Lipid-Soluble Hormones
&
Water-Soluble Hormones

21
Q

The lipid-soluble hormones include what hormones? there are 4

A

steroid hormones
thyroid hormones
nitric oxide
eicosanoid hormones

22
Q

The water-soluble hormones include what hormones? there are 3

A

amine hormones
protein
peptide hormones

23
Q

What is a steroid hormone?

A

Steroid hormones are a group of hormones derived from cholesterol that act as chemical messengers in the body.

24
Q

What are the two types of thyroid hormones?

A

T3 and T4

25
Q

What is a thyroid hormone?

A

The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the body’s metabolic rate, growth and development.

26
Q

What is an eicosanoid hormone?

A

Eicosanoids are lipid-based signalling molecules that play a unique role in innate immune responses.

27
Q

Is a steroid hormone lipid-soluble or water-soluble?

A

Lipid

28
Q

Is thyroid hormone lipid-soluble or water-soluble?

A

lipid

29
Q

Is nitric oxide hormone lipid-soluble or water-soluble?

A

lipid

30
Q

Is eicosanoid hormone lipid-soluble or water-soluble?

A

lipid

31
Q

Is amine hormone lipid-soluble or water-soluble?

A

water

32
Q

Is a peptide hormone lipid-soluble or water-soluble?

A

water

33
Q

Is protein hormone lipid-soluble or water-soluble?

A

water

34
Q

What are the two ways that hormones can transport?

A

Free form
and
binding to transport proteins

35
Q

What is the Mechanism of action of the lipid-soluble steroid hormones and thyroid hormones?

A

Lipid-soluble hormones bind to receptors inside target cells.

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the water-soluble hormones?

A

Water-soluble hormones bind to receptors embedded in the plasma membranes of target cells.

Anatomy & Physiology Unit 2/3 Ch11-20 (18 decks)

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