Manual WBC count Flashcards
what WBC counts are used for
provisional diagnosis, monitor progress of disease
an increased WBC count indicates
infection or inflamation (tells body to release more WBCs)
a decreased WBC count indicates
overwhelming disease (some are toxic to WBCs) or problem in bone marrow w/ production
normal canine WBC count
6000-17000/ul (microliter)
dilluting ratio for mixing blood w diluting fluid (acetic acid) to count wbcs w bioanalytic system or w hematology pipettes
1:20
purpose of diluting fluid (acetic acid)
lyses RBCs
specialized glass slide w counting chamber (bioanalytic system)
hemocytometer
simple formula for counting WBCs
counted in 4 square corners x 50= cell/ul
total protein is also called
plasma protein
2 largest amounts of proteins in plasma (%)
58% albumin
38% globulin
what albumin does
maintains osmotic pressure and blood (helps fluid not leak out), reserve for amino acids, binds to certain substances to prevent their absorption
what globulin does
transport fat soluble vitamins, recycle hemoglobin, gamma-globulins produce antibodies for immunity
tool used to read TP
refractometer
normal dog TP reading
5.5-7.5 g/dl (deci liter)
explanations for a falsely high TP reading
lipemia or hemolysis (foreign subs in plasma)
dirty refractometer
explanation for falsely low TP reading
not enough fluid
explanations for hyperproteinemia
dehydration (hemoconcentration), response to antigen (inflamation or infection, body releases more proteins)
difference between causal agents of infections and inflamation
infection- invasion of foreign subs (bacteria)
inflammation- tissue trauma/damage
explantions for hypoproteinemia
malnutrition (could be due to malabsorption or maldigestion), parasites (take nutrients or suck blood), liver disease (liver helps manufacture proteins), kidney disease (proteins leaving thro urine), acute blood loss
define edema
fluid in intracellular space in tissues (leaked out of blood vessels)
edema is often caused by hyper or hypo proteinemia
hypoproteinemia
what is bottle jaw
edema under mandible
reasons to measure TP
assess hydration, assess nutritional status (low may mean low protein in diet), assess kidney and liver function, monitor disease, prognosis
PCVand TP readings for a dehydrated animal (high or low)
both elevated