Manual WBC count

Question 1

what WBC counts are used for

Answer 1

provisional diagnosis, monitor progress of disease

Question 2

an increased WBC count indicates

Answer 2

infection or inflamation (tells body to release more WBCs)

Question 3

a decreased WBC count indicates

Answer 3

overwhelming disease (some are toxic to WBCs) or problem in bone marrow w/ production

Question 4

normal canine WBC count

Answer 4

6000-17000/ul (microliter)

Question 5

dilluting ratio for mixing blood w diluting fluid (acetic acid) to count wbcs w bioanalytic system or w hematology pipettes

Answer 5

1:20

Question 6

purpose of diluting fluid (acetic acid)

Answer 6

lyses RBCs

Question 7

specialized glass slide w counting chamber (bioanalytic system)

Answer 7

hemocytometer

Question 8

simple formula for counting WBCs

Answer 8

counted in 4 square corners x 50= cell/ul

Question 9

total protein is also called

Answer 9

plasma protein

Question 10

2 largest amounts of proteins in plasma (%)

Answer 10

58% albumin

38% globulin

Question 11

what albumin does

Answer 11

maintains osmotic pressure and blood (helps fluid not leak out), reserve for amino acids, binds to certain substances to prevent their absorption

Question 12

what globulin does

Answer 12

transport fat soluble vitamins, recycle hemoglobin, gamma-globulins produce antibodies for immunity

Question 13

tool used to read TP

Answer 13

refractometer

Question 14

normal dog TP reading

Answer 14

5.5-7.5 g/dl (deci liter)

Question 15

explanations for a falsely high TP reading

Answer 15

lipemia or hemolysis (foreign subs in plasma)

dirty refractometer

Question 16

explanation for falsely low TP reading

Answer 16

not enough fluid

Question 17

explanations for hyperproteinemia

Answer 17

dehydration (hemoconcentration), response to antigen (inflamation or infection, body releases more proteins)

Question 18

difference between causal agents of infections and inflamation

Answer 18

infection- invasion of foreign subs (bacteria)

inflammation- tissue trauma/damage

Question 19

explantions for hypoproteinemia

Answer 19

malnutrition (could be due to malabsorption or maldigestion), parasites (take nutrients or suck blood), liver disease (liver helps manufacture proteins), kidney disease (proteins leaving thro urine), acute blood loss

Question 20

define edema

Answer 20

fluid in intracellular space in tissues (leaked out of blood vessels)

Question 21

edema is often caused by hyper or hypo proteinemia

Answer 21

hypoproteinemia

Question 22

what is bottle jaw

Answer 22

edema under mandible

Question 23

reasons to measure TP

Answer 23

assess hydration, assess nutritional status (low may mean low protein in diet), assess kidney and liver function, monitor disease, prognosis

Question 24

PCVand TP readings for a dehydrated animal (high or low)

Answer 24

both elevated