Intro to Hematology Flashcards
define serology
examination of bodily fluids (serum or plasma)
what serology can determine
presence of disease via antibodies
define clincal chemistry
examination of bodily fluids for changes in organ function
define parasitology
examination of feces and other samples for determination of parasites
define cytology
study of cells found in body fluids and cavities to determine organ changes
what is a vacutainer
tubes w vaccum inside
vacutainer tube sizes (micro, pediatric, standard)
micro- 1cc or less
pediatric- 2-3cc
standard- 7-10cc
what is a whole blood sample
blood sample with anticoagulant added so it wont clot
list the types of anticoagulants
Heparin, EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid), citrates, oxalates
anticoagulant that is naturally occuring and found in many tissues
Heparin
what tests we use heparin for
blood chemistries, not hematology tests bc interferes w staining of cells
green top vacutainers contain which anticoagulant
Heparin
EDTA, Citrate, and Oxalate clot by doing what
binding to calcium
choice anticoagulant for hematology testing, why
EDTA; doesnt interfere w staining, preserves cell walls
define hematology
study of blood, looking at cells and constituents to determine infection, anemia, allergic rxn, etc
purple top vacutainers contain which anticoagulant
EDTA
main use for citrate anticoagulant
specific clotting tests in animals who may clotting disorders
light blue vacutainers contain which anticoagulant
citrate
what oxalate anticoagulants contain
Na, K, Lithium, sometimes sodium fluride
grey vacutainers contain which anticoagulant
oxalate
where to draw blood from on horse,
cow?
horse- jugular vein
cow- jugular, coccygeal
where to draw blood from on a pig
anterior vena cava, aural vein, coccygeal
where to draw blood on rabbit
aural vein
why we try to keep the animal calm when drawing blood (besides vein damage)
epinephrine can change constituents
what can happen if needle used to draw blood is too small for animal
damage blood cells
what can happen if syringe used to draw blood is too big
collapse vein bc neg pressure
what are erythrocytes
RBCs
what are leukocytes
WBCs
what are thrombocytes
platelets (pieces of cytoplasm from other cells in bone marrow)
what is plasma
fluid in a whole blood sample (contains serum and clotting proteins)
what is serum
fluid from blood sample w/o any anticoagulant added
largest fraction of cells made, made in bone marrow
erythrocytes (RBCs)
function of the bi-concave shape of erythrocytes
max surface area for gas exchange
red pigment in erythrocytes, what it does
hemoglobin; binds to O2 and CO2
which has a nucleus, erythrocytes or leukocytes
leukocytes
hemolysis v crenation
bursting of blood cells; shrinking
list in order from smallest to largest; erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
thrombocytes, erythrocytes, leukocytes
a solid red top tube contains, and is used for
no coagulant, used for serum samples (centrifuge clot to bottom, remove serum)
what red+ black marbled tops are used for
it is a serum separator tube; put blood in and centrifuge, the layer at the bottom of the tube rises above the clot, serum sample at top
where leukocytes are made
marrow and lymphoid system
list in terms of amount in blood, less to most(erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes)
erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leukocytes
how thrombocytes function in clotting
form first plug during vessel injury
where thrombocytes are made
in marrow (pieces of other cells in marrow)
Which color top is usually used for antibody studies in animals
Red
