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Clin Path > Differential WBC Count/ Leukocytes > Flashcards

Differential WBC Count/ Leukocytes Flashcards

1
Q

list the granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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2
Q

list the agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

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3
Q

most numerous WBC in dogs/cats

A

neutrophils

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4
Q

neutrophils are polymorphonuclear, what does this mean

A

no 2 nuclei are the same, “many-shaped nucleus”

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5
Q

function of neutrophils

A

recognize foreign material, phagocytize it, granules contain enzymes to break down foreign material

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6
Q

life span of neutrophils

A

10hrs

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7
Q

define chemotactic factors

A

substances that attract cells to certain areas

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8
Q

chemotactic factors of neutrophils

A

chemicals given off by debris (like cell membrane rupture)

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9
Q

1st WBC on scene when foreign antigen enters body

A

neutrophils (use pseudopods, pieces of cytoplasm, to engulf)

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10
Q

immature neutrophils are called what?

what causes their release?

A

Band cells, increased demand for neutrophils (like inflammation or infection, invader overpowers neutrophils) causes release

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11
Q

what band cell nuclei look like

A

horseshoe shaped

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12
Q

an increase in band cells is called a

this is a sign of

A

left shift

sign of inflammation or infection

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13
Q

normal neutrophil range in dogs

A

60-70%

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14
Q

most numerous cell in ruminants

A

lymphocytes

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15
Q

possible causes of neutrophilia

A

(increased number of neutrophils) bacterial infection, physiologic stress (ex: hyperexcited or extreme exercise)

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16
Q

possible causes of neutropenia

A

(decreased number of neutrophils) overwhelming infection destroying neutrophils

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17
Q

what is a barr body (“sex lobe”)

A

extra appendage of chromatin found on nucleus of females

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18
Q

granules of eosinophils contain proteins that are (basic or acidic) and stain what color

A

basic, stain red

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19
Q

function of eosinophils

A

deactivate histamine (granules detoxify histamine)

20
Q

chemotactic factor of eosinophils

A

histamine

21
Q

eosinophilia indicates

A

(increased number of eosinophils) indicates allergic reaction or parasites

22
Q

normal eosinophil % in dogs

A

2-10%

23
Q

basophil granules are (acidic or basic) and stain what color?

A

acidic granules, stain dark blue

24
Q

basophil function

A

granules contain histamine and heparin, histamine released during allergic rxn, causes runny nose/eyes, airway constriction, hives

25
Q

normal basophil % in dogs

A

0-1%

26
Q

basophilia is a sign of

A

(increase basophil count) allergic rxn or parasitism

27
Q

most numerous agranulocyte (2nd most numerous WBC in dogs)

A

lymphocytes

28
Q

shape of lymphocyte nucleus

A

round, mononuclear

29
Q

where lymphocytes are located during fetal development vs post natal

A

fetus- originate in marrow

post natal- in lymph tissue

30
Q

lymphocyes recirculate in body and can live for how long

A

years

31
Q

function of lymphocytes

A

recognize antigens, produce antibodies

32
Q

WBC associated with foreign tissue rejection

A

lymphocytes

33
Q

what reactive lymphocytes look like

A

deep dark nucleus and dark cytoplasm

34
Q

a reactive lymphocyte is also called

A

sensitized lymph or immunocyte

35
Q

when do we see reactive lymphocytes

A

animal has been exposed to an antigen and is undergoing protein synthesis, seen in vaccinated animals (antibody production)

36
Q

normal % lymphocytes in dogs

A

12-30%

37
Q

lymphocytosis indicates

A

(increased lymphocytes) viral infection or vaccination

38
Q

lymphopenia indicates

A 
(decreased lymphocytes) 
physiologic stress (starvation, chronic pain, etc.), severe disease, steroid therapy
39
Q

which is larger, lympocytes or monocytes

A

monocytes

40
Q

how monocytes differ from lymphocyes in appearance

A

monocytes have slightly indented nucleus and vacuoles, cytoplasm stains a bit darker

41
Q

immature form of macrophage

A

monocyte

42
Q

function of monocytes

A

remove dead/damaged cells (phagocytosis), cleans debris of infection

43
Q

chemotactic factor of monocytes

A

dead or dying cells

44
Q

normal monocyte % in dogs

A

3-10%

45
Q

monocytosis indicates

A

(increase in monocytes) indicates chronic disease, supurative disease (pus producing)

46
Q

examples of suppurative diseases

A

absess, pyometra, absess tuberculosis, (anything pus producing)

47
Q

how to calculate absolute WBC values

A

total WBC count /ul x % of cell line (ex: 9400 total cells x .63 (63%))

Clin Path (21 decks)

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