Differential WBC Count/ Leukocytes Flashcards
list the granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
list the agranulocytes
lymphocytes and monocytes
most numerous WBC in dogs/cats
neutrophils
neutrophils are polymorphonuclear, what does this mean
no 2 nuclei are the same, “many-shaped nucleus”
function of neutrophils
recognize foreign material, phagocytize it, granules contain enzymes to break down foreign material
life span of neutrophils
10hrs
define chemotactic factors
substances that attract cells to certain areas
chemotactic factors of neutrophils
chemicals given off by debris (like cell membrane rupture)
1st WBC on scene when foreign antigen enters body
neutrophils (use pseudopods, pieces of cytoplasm, to engulf)
immature neutrophils are called what?
what causes their release?
Band cells, increased demand for neutrophils (like inflammation or infection, invader overpowers neutrophils) causes release
what band cell nuclei look like
horseshoe shaped
an increase in band cells is called a
this is a sign of
left shift
sign of inflammation or infection
normal neutrophil range in dogs
60-70%
most numerous cell in ruminants
lymphocytes
possible causes of neutrophilia
(increased number of neutrophils) bacterial infection, physiologic stress (ex: hyperexcited or extreme exercise)
possible causes of neutropenia
(decreased number of neutrophils) overwhelming infection destroying neutrophils
what is a barr body (“sex lobe”)
extra appendage of chromatin found on nucleus of females
granules of eosinophils contain proteins that are (basic or acidic) and stain what color
basic, stain red
function of eosinophils
deactivate histamine (granules detoxify histamine)
chemotactic factor of eosinophils
histamine
eosinophilia indicates
(increased number of eosinophils) indicates allergic reaction or parasites
normal eosinophil % in dogs
2-10%
basophil granules are (acidic or basic) and stain what color?
acidic granules, stain dark blue
basophil function
granules contain histamine and heparin, histamine released during allergic rxn, causes runny nose/eyes, airway constriction, hives
normal basophil % in dogs
0-1%
basophilia is a sign of
(increase basophil count) allergic rxn or parasitism
most numerous agranulocyte (2nd most numerous WBC in dogs)
lymphocytes
shape of lymphocyte nucleus
round, mononuclear
where lymphocytes are located during fetal development vs post natal
fetus- originate in marrow
post natal- in lymph tissue
lymphocyes recirculate in body and can live for how long
years
function of lymphocytes
recognize antigens, produce antibodies
WBC associated with foreign tissue rejection
lymphocytes
what reactive lymphocytes look like
deep dark nucleus and dark cytoplasm
a reactive lymphocyte is also called
sensitized lymph or immunocyte
when do we see reactive lymphocytes
animal has been exposed to an antigen and is undergoing protein synthesis, seen in vaccinated animals (antibody production)
normal % lymphocytes in dogs
12-30%
lymphocytosis indicates
(increased lymphocytes) viral infection or vaccination
lymphopenia indicates
(decreased lymphocytes) physiologic stress (starvation, chronic pain, etc.), severe disease, steroid therapy
which is larger, lympocytes or monocytes
monocytes
how monocytes differ from lymphocyes in appearance
monocytes have slightly indented nucleus and vacuoles, cytoplasm stains a bit darker
immature form of macrophage
monocyte
function of monocytes
remove dead/damaged cells (phagocytosis), cleans debris of infection
chemotactic factor of monocytes
dead or dying cells
normal monocyte % in dogs
3-10%
monocytosis indicates
(increase in monocytes) indicates chronic disease, supurative disease (pus producing)
examples of suppurative diseases
absess, pyometra, absess tuberculosis, (anything pus producing)
how to calculate absolute WBC values
total WBC count /ul x % of cell line (ex: 9400 total cells x .63 (63%))
