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Clin Path > Erythrocytes and Indices > Flashcards

Erythrocytes and Indices Flashcards

1
Q

what are indices

A

series of measurements to determine size of RBCs and amount of hemoglobin, give idea of individual cells and appearance (classify anemia)

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2
Q

what the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) tells us

A

volume inside an average RBC

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3
Q

how to calculate MCV

A

PCV x 10 / RBC count= __femoliter

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4
Q

normal canine MCV

A

60/70 /fl

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5
Q

terms for smaller and bigger than normal RBCs (MCV)

A

microcytic (smaller), macrocytic (larger)

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6
Q

what the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) tells us

A

tells weight of hemoglobin inside average RBC

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7
Q

how to calculate MCH

A

Hgb x 10 / RBC count = ___picograms

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8
Q

normal canine MCH

A

19.5-24.5 pg

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9
Q

what the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) tells us

A

average amount of hgb concentration in a unit of volume

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10
Q

how to calculate MCHC

A

Hgb x 100 / PCV= __ g/dl

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11
Q

normal canine MCHC

A

32-36 g/dl

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12
Q

term for less than normal and normal MCHC values

A

hypochomic (less), normochromic (normal)

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13
Q

Indice values of iron deficient anemia

A

microcytic cells (small MCV), hypochromic (low MCH and MCHC; bc less iron -> less hbg

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14
Q

what are reticulocytes

A

immature erythrocyte in phase 3, no nucleus, phase just before mature, larger

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15
Q

how reticulocytes stain

A

bluish tint bc of nucleus remnants (polychromasia- multicolored RBCs)

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16
Q

reticulocytes are also called

A

polychromatophils (bc polychromasia)

17
Q

define anisocytosis

A

variation in size of cells (ex: normal RBCs and reticulocytes)

18
Q

define poikilocytes

A

abnormally shaped RBCs

19
Q

what spherocytes look like

A

dense in color, smaller than normal (microcytic), sphere shaped

20
Q

anemia associated w spherocytes

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) immune system produces antibodies against RBCs, neutrophils unable to engulf whole RBC, only takes piece

21
Q

what leptocytes look like, why?

A

cells w less volume (less hgb), flatten out and may fold or may appear as target cells

22
Q

leptocytes are associated w

A

chronic anemia

23
Q

what are Schistocytes

how do they usually occur

A

fractured or fragmented RBCs

usually from damage while circulating, usually blood vessel obstruction

24
Q

what are acanthocytes(what they look like)

A

RBC w rounded/blunt projections, irregular borders

25
Q

when would we see acanthocytes in blood

A

pigs (stress), liver disease, blood cancer

26
Q

when would we see crenation of RBCs?

A

technical error; slide dried too slowly or has excessive moisture

27
Q

what crenation RBCs look like

A

sharp starlike spicules (unlike acanthocytes that are blunt)

28
Q

what are RBC inclusions

A

something suspended inside cell

29
Q

a nucleated RBC is also called

A

a metrarubicyte (immate RBC w nucleus)

30
Q

what is a howell-jolly body

A

blue nuclear fragment inclusion (small blue speck) immature cell

31
Q

what are heinz bodies, how do they cause anemia

A

inclusion, round piece of denatured or altered hemoglobin on RBC; makes cells fragile and rupture

32
Q

drug that causes heinz body anemia

A

acetaminophen (tylenol)

33
Q

what is basophilic stippling

A

inclusions; RNA remnants appear as blue dots

34
Q

when would we see basophilic stippling in RBCs

A

heavy metal poisoning (lead, arsenic), also a form of reticulocyte in ruminants

35
Q

stain used to see heinz bodies

A

new methylene blue staining

36
Q

what is rouleaux

when do we see this?

A

when blood cells stack

normal in horses, some in cats, hyperproteinemia can cause

37
Q

what is a metarubicyte

A

a nucleated RBC (immature)

38
Q

how to correct WBC count for nRBCs/metarubicytes

A

100/100+nRBC x WBC count(uncorrected)= correct count

Clin Path (21 decks)

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