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VETS1060 Veterinary Biology > Mammals > Flashcards

Mammals Flashcards

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1
Q

Subclass Eutheria and orders

A 
Subclass: Eutheria
Order
1) Carnivora (sea lion, dingo)
2) Cetacea (whales, dolphins)
3) Chiroptera (bats)
4) Rodentia (rats and mice)
5) Sirenia (Dugong)
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2
Q

Subclass Prototheria and order

A

Subclass: Prototheria
Order: Monotremata (platypus, echidna)

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3
Q

Subclass Metatheria and order

A

Subclass: Metatheria (marsupials)
Order
1) Diprotodontia
2) Polyprotodontia

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4
Q

Mammalian phylogeny in order from oldest to youngest (3)

A

Oldest: Monotremes
Middle: Marsupials
Newest: Eutherian

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5
Q

Where are all monotreme fossils found?

A

Southern hemisphere

Were all on “ganduana” supercontinent

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6
Q

Monotremes and retained reptilian characteristics

A

1) Oviparity
2) Meroblastic cleavage of embryo
3) Produce venom (platypus)
4) Electroreception

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7
Q

Examples of Monotremes (2)

A

1) Platypus

2) Short-beaked Echidna

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8
Q

Defining features of Monotremes

A

1) Absence of calcified teeth
2) Electroreception
3) Reptile-like stance
4) Oviparity
5) No Teats
6) Venom

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9
Q

Absence of calcified teeth in monotremes

A

Develop molars but lose them

Replaced by keratinized epidermis

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10
Q

Milk production in female monotremes

A

No teat
Milk secreted onto fur
Young lap milk off the fur

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11
Q

Venom glands in monotremes are called?

A

Crural gland

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12
Q

Male Platypus venom gland

A 
Crural gland
Well developed in male platypuses 
Sharp keratinized spurs
Medial aspect of tarsal joint 
Can move independently 
Venom production/use is androgen dependent
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13
Q

Electroreception in Monotremes

A

Located in the bill/beak of platypus
Less so in echidna
Scan for electrical disturbances

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14
Q

Monotreme Skull

A

Premaxilla forms the rostral bill in platypus

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15
Q

Monotreme Pectoral Girdle

A

Coracoids, epicoracoids and interclavicle

  • reptilian features
  • in eutherians, caracoid fused with scapula
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16
Q

Monotreme limbs

A

Right angle to body (reptilian feature, rotate in sockets to give mammalian gait)

Platypus “knuckle-walk” because of webbing

17
Q

Chromosome numbers in platypus and echidna

A

Platypus (5X, 5Y) - male
Platypus (10X) - female

Echidna (5X, 4Y) - male
Echidna (10X) - female

18
Q

Do monotremes have a SRY on Y chromosome?

A

No, no SRY on X or Y chomosome

19
Q

Female reproduction in monotremes

A

Platypus: only left ovary is functional
Produce 1-3 eggs

Echidna: Both ovaries are functional
Only produce 1 egg

Large yolky eggs
Mammary glands but no teats

20
Q

Marsupials (general info)

A

NOT primitive mammals
Most contain a pouch (marsupium)
Unique in their mode of reproduction
Sophisticated and successful adaptations

21
Q

Do marsupials use lactation or gestation?

A

Lactation
Young are born very underdeveloped and depend on lactation

Lactation&raquo_space;» Gestation

22
Q

Marsupial chromosomes

A

XX - female reproductive + POUCH
XO - female reproductive + SCROTUM
XY - male reproductive + SCROTUM
XXY - male reproductive + POUCH

XX = pouch
Y = Male
SRY = testes determining gene
23
Q

Eutherian Female Reproductive Tract

A

Ureters pass laterally to Mullerian ducts

Mullerian ducts fuse to form vagina

24
Q

Marsupial Female Reproductive Tract

A

Ureters pass MEDIALLY to Mullerian duct
Mullerian ducts cant fuse
Two lateral vaginae from Mullerian ducts
Median vagina made of connective tissue

25
Q

Median Vagina in Marsupials

A

Becomes patent just before parturition
May regress
May remain patent after parturition (ex macropods)
Sperm ascent lateral vaginae only

26
Q

Marsupial Pouch

A

Pouch encloses teat and young

In species without pouch, young hang on

27
Q

Marsupial Neonate

A

Hind limbs fetal paddles
No hair or vibrissae
Kidneys and gonads yet to differentiate
Periderm covers eyes and ears

VETS1060 Veterinary Biology (17 decks)

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