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VETS1060 Veterinary Biology > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

5 “Era’s” of Life

A

1) Primordial Era
2) Stelliferous Era
3) Degenerate Era
4) Black Hole Era
5) Dark Era

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2
Q

Which “era” do we live in

A

Stelliferous Era

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3
Q

Stelliferous Era

A
  • stars rule the night
  • 10^3 years old - expected to last another 1 trillion years
  • main star (sun) expected to last another trillion years
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4
Q

2 Theories associated with the start of life

A

1) Big bang theory

2) Cosmic radiation theory (CRD)

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5
Q

1st Law of Thermodynamics

A
  • matter cannot be created or destroyed

- What we had 13.8 billion years ago we still have now

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6
Q

Niche

A

organisms that live in an environment and are able to successfully reproduce

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7
Q

Adaptive Radiation

A

one species gets wiped out (astroid, volcano, etc.) which allows another species to flourish AND CREATE NEW SPECIES
Ex) homonids during dinosaur era

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8
Q

7 Main Periods

A

1) Ordivian period
2) Silunian period
3) Devonian period
4) Carboniferous period
5) Permian period
6) Triassic period
7) Crustacious period

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9
Q

Ordivian period

A

Photosynthesisers started moving out of the ocean

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10
Q

Silunian period

A

dominated by arthropods

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11
Q

Devonian period

A
  • earth mainly composed of plants
  • vertebrates became land dwellers
  • major extinction
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12
Q

Carboniferous period

A

Amphibians starting to fill coastal niches

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13
Q

Permian period

A

Ancestors of humans

Extinction: Volcanos in Siberia

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14
Q

Triassic Period

A

Giant reptiles

Extinction: Volcanos/meteorite impact

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15
Q

Crustaceous period

A

What most people think of when they think of dinosaurs

Extinction: Astroid

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16
Q

Timeline of Earth’s formation

A

4.5Bya: Formation of planet earth
3.5Bya: Prokaryotes arrived
1.6Bya: Eukaryotes arrived
510Mya: Vertebrates appeared
420Mya: Land plants/coral reef produced
350Mya: Water vertebrates invade land
230Mya: Age of dinosaurs
65Mya: Meteor impact
45Mya: Modern day mammals appeared

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17
Q

LECA

A

Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor

18
Q

Phylogenetic Tree

A

Common classification system with 8 categories

- made by Linnaeus

19
Q

Proper way of classifying organisms

_______ + _______

A

Genus + Species

20
Q

Phylogenetic Tree Categories (8)

A

1) Species
2) Genus
3) Family
4) Order
5) Class
6) Phylum
7) Kingdom
8) Domain (3)

21
Q

3 Subgroups of Domains

A

(BAE)

1) Bacteria
2) Archaea
3) Eukaryotes (4)

22
Q

4 Subgroups of Eukaryotes

A

(FAPP)

1) Fungi
2) Animals
3) Plants
4) Protista

23
Q

Difference between Fungi and Plants (1)

A

Plants Fungi

- Cellulose - Chitin

24
Q

Example of Natural Selection (2)

A

1) White moths before the industrial revolution, Black moths after (due to soot causing trees to become black
2) Darwins Finches

25
Q

Darwins Theories (2)

A

1) Theory of Natural Selection

2) Relative Fitness

26
Q

Natural selection (4)

A

1) Variation of phenotypes
2) Heritable
3) Struggle for existence
4) Survival and reproduction rates

27
Q

Four modes of selection

A

1) Directional Selection
2) Disruptive Selection
3) Sexual Selection
4) Artificial Selection

28
Q

Directional Selection

A
  • Strong genetics (white of black)
  • Leads to change in frequency in pop.
  • FAVOURS ONE TRAIT OVER THE OTHER
29
Q

Disruptive Selection

A
  • 2 Traits are being selected for
30
Q

Sexual Selection

A
  • Struggles between individuals of the same sex for mating privileges
  • survival = reproductive rights
31
Q

Artificial Selection

A

Choosing genetics you want

  • Golden Rice
  • Designer Dogs breeds
  • Plants with polychromacy
32
Q

Fitness

A

Relative ability of individuals to survive and reproduce offspring

33
Q

Homologous Structures

A

Traits which have similar structures but different functions

EX) Whale fin and Bird Wing

34
Q

Mendel

A
  • Father of Heredity and modern genetics

- Punnet square (1:2:1) or (9:3:3:1)

35
Q

Somatic Cells

A

Every cell in the body except for sex cells

Diploid (2n)

36
Q

Sex (germ) cells

A

(n) instead of diploid (2n)

37
Q

Sex Linked Inheritance

A

Male: XY
Female: XX

38
Q

Evolution definition

A

Change in allele frequency over time

39
Q

5 factors affecting allele frequency

A

1) Natural Selection
2) Sexual Selection (non-random mating)
3) Mutation
4) Genetic Drift
5) Gene Flow (immigration/emigration)

40
Q

Hardy Weingberg Equation

A 
P = dominant allele
Q = recessive allele 
p+q = 1

(p + q)^2 = (p^2 + 2pq + q^2) = 1

41
Q

Allopatric Speciation

A
  • Changes in phenotype due to a specific barrier (ex, river)

- Previously same species diverged enough that they can no longer reproduce

VETS1060 Veterinary Biology (17 decks)

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