Malnutrition Flashcards
What is malnutrition?
Deficit of: Energy Protein Vitamins Minerals
Where is malnutrition most prevelant?
hospitals
What acute events may cause malnutrition?
Trauma Pneumonia Sepsis Fever Surgery Radiotherapy Chemotherapy
What chronic events may cause malnutrition?
Anorexia Depression Dysphagia Malabsorption Infection Immobility
What occurs to the metabolic rate in injury?
increases - rapid lost of weight - fat stores then protein
What does the MUST score stand for?
Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool
Name some biochemical ways of assessing nutritional status
Albumin - Constitutes ~50% of total protein in plasma. Thought could indicate malnutrition due to reduced synthesis when supply of AA limited but affected by many other factors, especially APR.
Transferrin - Synthesis reduced in protein restriction. Affected by APR, iron deficiency and liver disease.
Urinary creatinine - If renal function normal, excretion rate reflects muscle mass.
IGF1 - Reduced in acute and chronic malnutrition and increases with repletion. Levels reduced in liver disease and renal failure.
Micro nutrients - Poor correlation between plasma values and intracellular concentration, especially during illness therefore measurement of related coenzymes more useful
Who qualifies for nutritional support?
BMI <18.5
Unintentional weight loss >10% within the last 3–6 months
BMI <20 and unintentional weight loss >5% within the last 3–6 months
Have eaten or are likely to eat little or nothing for more than 5 days or longer
Poor absorptive capacity and/or high nutrient losses and/or increased nutritional needs from causes such as catabolism
Describe enteral tube feeding?
Delivery of a nutritionally complete feed via a tube into the stomach, duodenum or jejunum
Describe parental nutrition?
The administration of nutrient solutions via a central or peripheral vein
What is an indication for parental nutrition?
type 1 failure
