Male Reproductive Pathology Flashcards
What are congenital abnormalities of the male reproductive system?
- Cryptoorchidism (most common)
2. Testicular torsion
When 1 or both testes do not move down into scrotum; leads to sterility if untreated; increased risk of testicular caner (even if repaired sx)
Cryptoorchidism
Abnormal twisting of the spermatic cord; surgical emergency; can occur after physical activity; Rapid onset of scrotal pain (may extend to inguinal region) and swelling
Testicular torsion
<3 hours = 80% salvage
>12 hours = 20% salvage
acute or chronic inflammation of one or both testes; complication of pump, UTI, or infections of other regions of the body
Orchiditis (general infection signs; usually no urinary dysfunction if ONLY orchiditis)
inflammation of the tube at the beach of the testicle that stores and carries sperm; necrosis and fibrosis may occlude the genital ducts and produce infertility
Epididymitis
Swelling of the prostate; about 50% of men have at least one episode; risk factors include stress, emotional factor, alcohol, spicy foods, caffeine
Prostatitis (PTs usually see chronic)
What are the categories of prostatitis?
Category I – acute bacterial prostatitis
Category II – Chronic bacterial prostatitis
Category III – Chronic prostatitis/Chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Category IV – Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis
Prostatitis category: Least common, easiest to treat and dx; High fever, chills, pain in low back and genital area, urinary frequency and urgency, dysuria, urethral discharge, body aches; TX: antibiotics
Category I
Prostatitis category: a chronic, low grade infection; ν May be asymptomatic, urinary frequency and urgency, dysuria, nocturne, low grade fever, and low back and rectal pain
Category II
Prostatitis category: ν Most common kind (>90%); Can come and go without warning; Can be inflammatory or non-inflammatory; Dysuria, impotence, decreased libido, low back, rectal, and scrotal pain; May be related to excessive alcohol or caffeine intake; TX: cut down on controllable factors – alcohol, caffeine intake; remove stimulis causing problem
Category III
Prostatitis category: Asymptomatic (diagnosed during other examinations);
May lead to sterility
Category IV
3% of male urogenital cancers; Most common solid cancer (solid tumor) of men 15-35 y.o; Risk factors include cryptoorchidism, mother taking estrogen during pregnancy, history of infertility, scrotal trauma, or infection
Testicular cancer
What are the S and S of testicular cancer?
- Enlargement of the testis – most common initial sign
2. Ache in abdomen or scrotum, or heavy feeling in the scrotum
What are signs testicular cancer has metastasized?
- Back pain – (21% of men with germ cell cancer [this is the first sign!! - PT]
- Abdominal mass
- Hemoptysis
- Neck or supraclavicular adenopathy
Non-malignant tumor; Proliferation of epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in the prostate gland; Usually initially in the periurethral; Related to changes in estrogen and testosterone levels that occur with aging; 75% men >50 have signs
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (main sx involve urinary problems)
