Hematology Flashcards
What are the functions of blood?
- Transportation
- Protection
- Regulation
Process by which immature cells deveol into mature blood cells
Hematopoesis
Where is blood produced?
Flat bones
What is the composition of blood?
- Plasma (55-60%)
- Buffy layer (WBCs and Platelets)
- Hematocrit (40-45%)
What is the average RBC count?
- Males 4.6-6.2 million/mL
2. Females 4.2-5.4 million/mL
What is the hemoglobin count?
- Males 14-17 g/dL
2. Females 12-16 g/dL
What are the different measurements of RBC?
- RBC count
- Hemoglobin concentration*
- Hematocrit
- C something abbreviations
If a RBC measurement has C in its abbreviation, what does that mean?
Dealing with oxygen
What are the causes of anemia?
- Decreased RBC production
- Excessive blood loss
- RBC destruction
What are the S and S of anemia?
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Dizziness
- Pale skin
- Irregular heart beat
- Shortness of breath
What is the most common form of anemia?
Iron deficiency anemia
What are the types of anemia?
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Vitamin deficiency
- Aplastic anemia
- Postoperative anemia
- Anemia of chronic disease
What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia? What are there other causes?
Chronic blood loss from medication (i.e., NSAIDs) and GI disorders (i.e., ulcers);
- Poor nutrition
- Inability to absorb iron
- Pregnancy
- Heavy menstruation
Anemia that results from deficiency of folate and vitamin B12
Vitamin deficiency anemia
Anemia that results from complete cessation of RBC production from bone marrow failure
Aplastic anemia
Anemia that results from blood loss during and after major surgery
Postoperative anemia
Anemia that is found in patients with long term medical conditions
Anemia of chronic disease (decrease responsiveness of bone marrow to produce less RBCs)
How low is Hb count too low for PT?
- Hgb < 8 only essential daily activities
2. Hgb > 8 light activity (ambulation and self care) as tolerated